Bulletin of the Second National Pollution Source Survey in Hanzhong City

Hanzhong no.2 ci national pollution source census leading team office

(April 2021)

According to the National Pollution Source Survey Regulations and the Notice of the State Council on Carrying out the Second National Pollution Source Survey (Guo Fa [2016] No.59), the second national pollution source survey was carried out in our city.

The standard time of the census is December 31, 2017, and the data of the survey period is 2017. The survey targets are industrial pollution sources (hereinafter referred to as "industrial sources"), agricultural pollution sources (hereinafter referred to as "agricultural sources"), domestic pollution sources (hereinafter referred to as "living sources"), centralized pollution control facilities and mobile sources. This pollution source survey is divided into three stages: preliminary preparation, comprehensive survey and summary release: July 2017-July 2018 is the preliminary preparation stage, August 2018-October 2019 is the comprehensive prospecting stage, and November 2019 is the achievement summary and development stage.

In accordance with the unified arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government, under the correct leadership of the municipal party committee and the municipal government, the census institutions at all levels in our city have carefully organized and paid close attention to implementation, the vast number of census personnel have made selfless dedication and overcome difficulties, and the vast number of census objects have actively cooperated and participated. Our city has successfully completed the second national pollution source census task, comprehensively grasped the basic information of various pollution sources, the discharge amount of major pollutants, pollution control and other effective information, and established key pollution source files and pollution source information databases. The main data are now published as follows:

I. General situation

(A) the number of various census objects

The number of census objects in the city is 5574 (excluding mobile sources). Including 2716 industrial sources, 388 livestock and poultry farms, 2296 living sources, 163 centralized pollution treatment facilities, and 11 census objects in administrative districts.

(2) Emissions of pollutants

Total discharge of water pollution: chemical oxygen demand is 64,050 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 29,100 tons, total nitrogen is 62,200 tons, total phosphorus is 650 tons, animal and vegetable oil is 780.68 tons, petroleum is 4.00 tons, volatile phenol is 0.02 tons, cyanide is 0.41 tons, and heavy metal (lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and metalloid arsenic, the same below) is 0.27 tons.

Total emission of air pollutants: 18,000 tons of sulfur dioxide, 33,070 tons of nitrogen oxides and 43,920 tons of particulate matter. This census conducted a tentative investigation on volatile organic compounds in some industries and fields, with a discharge of 13,856.2 tons. Among them, the total amount of air pollutants discharged from key areas (downtown area) (excluding emissions from railway internal combustion engines in mobile sources) is 1,772.6 tons of sulfur dioxide, 1,648.7 tons of nitrogen oxides, 17,380.6 tons of particulate matter and 973.5 tons of volatile organic compounds.

Second, industrial sources

(1) Basic information

There are 2716 industrial enterprises or industrial activity units.

The top five counties and districts in terms of the number of industrial source census objects: 814 in Hantai District, 346 in Nanzheng District, 338 in Mian County, 328 in Chenggu County and 261 in Xixiang County, which together account for 76.8% of the total number of industrial source census objects.

The top five industries in terms of the number of industrial source census objects: 702 non-metallic mineral products, 294 agricultural and sideline food processing industries, 238 general equipment manufacturing industries, 206 metal products industries and 158 non-metallic mineral mining and dressing industries, which together account for 58.8% of the total number of industrial source census objects.

(2) Water pollutants

There are 499 sets of wastewater treatment facilities in industrial enterprises, with a designed treatment capacity of 148,700 cubic meters per day and an annual wastewater treatment capacity of 29,133,000 cubic meters.

Total discharge of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand is 1536.33 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 99.29 tons, total nitrogen is 150.15 tons, total phosphorus is 7.33 tons, petroleum is 3.97 tons, volatile phenol is 21.47 tons, cyanide is 414.166 kilograms, and heavy metal is 259.92 kilograms.

The top three industries are agricultural and sideline food processing industry (748.37 tons), pharmaceutical manufacturing industry (346.43 tons) and ferrous metal mining and dressing industry (214.89 tons), which together account for 85.2% of the chemical oxygen demand emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with ammonia nitrogen emissions are: chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing 75.36 tons, agricultural and sideline food processing 10.24 tons, and pharmaceutical manufacturing 7.11 tons, which together account for 93.4% of ammonia nitrogen emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with total nitrogen emissions are: chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing 83.53 tons, agricultural and sideline food processing 27.70 tons, and wine, beverage and refined tea manufacturing 16.49 tons, which together account for 85.1% of total nitrogen emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with total phosphorus emissions are: pharmaceutical manufacturing 2.45 tons, agricultural and sideline food processing 2.12 tons, and wine, beverage and refined tea manufacturing 1.87 tons, which together account for 87.9% of total phosphorus emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with petroleum emissions are ferrous metal mining and dressing industry, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry, and metal products industry, which together account for 96.3% of petroleum emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with cyanide emissions are non-ferrous metal mining and dressing, chemical raw materials and products manufacturing, and general equipment manufacturing, accounting for 99.9% of cyanide emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with heavy metal emissions: non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry (251.40 kg), ferrous metal mining and dressing industry (5.32 kg) and coal mining and washing industry (2.48 kg), which together account for 99.7% of heavy metal emissions from industrial sources.

Industries involved in volatile phenol emissions: only chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, emitting 21.47 tons of volatile phenol.

(3) Air pollutants

There are 165 desulfurization facilities, 20 denitration facilities and 903 dust removal facilities in industrial enterprises.

Total emission of air pollutants: 14,795.4 tons of sulfur dioxide, 20,360.8 tons of nitrogen oxides, 33,022.7 tons of particulate matter and 1,640.01 tons of volatile organic compounds.

The top three industries with sulfur dioxide emissions: ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry is 6391.97 tons, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry is 5591.57 tons, and nonmetallic mineral products industry is 1282.64 tons. The above three industries together account for 89.9% of sulfur dioxide emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries in terms of nitrogen oxide emissions are: electric power, thermal production and supply, 9221.61 tons, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, 6280.05 tons, and nonmetallic mineral products, 2887.51 tons, which together account for 90.5% of industrial nitrogen oxide emissions.

The top three industries with particulate emissions are nonmetallic mineral products industry with 21,113.04 tons, ferrous metal mining and dressing industry with 3,224.22 tons, and non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry with 2,460.81 tons, which together account for 81.0% of the particulate emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions are ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry (598.74 tons), chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry (424.92 tons) and non-metallic mineral products industry (293.94 tons), which together account for 81.3% of VOCs emissions from industrial sources.

(4) Industrial solid waste

1. General industrial solid waste                    

The output of general industrial solid waste is 9,644,613.7 tons, the comprehensive utilization amount is 4,308,141 tons (including 14,815.5 tons in previous years), the disposal amount is 131,702.5 tons (including 63,901 tons in previous years), the storage amount this year is 5,283,421.3 tons, and the dumping amount is 65.35 tons.

2. Hazardous waste

The output of hazardous waste is 235,451.4 tons, the comprehensive utilization and disposal is 180,055.9 tons, and the accumulated storage at the end of the year is 25,193.2 tons.

(5) Associated radioactive mines

The survey targets of associated radioactive mines are mainly 15 categories of mineral mining, smelting and processing industrial activity units that may be associated with natural radionuclides. Only Lueyang Jufeng Mining Co., Ltd., which was included in the census in Hanzhong City, stopped production in 2017 and did not produce wastewater, waste gas pollutants and solid waste.

Iii. Agricultural sources

(1) Basic information

Eleven counties and districts are involved in planting, aquaculture and livestock and poultry breeding, and 388 livestock and poultry farms have been investigated by households.

Total discharge of pollutants from agricultural source water: chemical oxygen demand is 28,953.44 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 396.41 tons, total nitrogen is 2,345.23 tons, and total phosphorus is 373.11 tons.

(2) Planting industry

Discharge (loss) of water pollutants: 46.51 tons of ammonia nitrogen, 560.06 tons of total nitrogen and 60.87 tons of total phosphorus.

Based on the ratio of new straw to grain, the output of straw is 1,127,600 tons, the recoverable resource of straw is 950,800 tons, and the utilization of straw is 815,100 tons.

The usage of plastic film is 1817.52 tons, and the accumulated residue for many years is 522.24 tons.

(3) Livestock and poultry breeding industry

Discharge of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand is 28,634.11 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 335.95 tons, total nitrogen is 1,726.24 tons, and total phosphorus is 308.90 tons. Among them, the discharge amount of water pollutants from livestock and poultry farms is 2,685.1 tons of chemical oxygen demand, 19.76 tons of ammonia nitrogen, 135.37 tons of total nitrogen and 39.17 tons of total phosphorus.

(4) Aquaculture (excluding algae)

Discharge of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand is 319.33 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 13.96 tons, total nitrogen is 58.93 tons, and total phosphorus is 3.34 tons.

Fourth, the source of life

(1) Basic information

There are 2296 census objects of life sources. Among them, 1,972 urban areas, counties (including established towns) and administrative villages are the basic survey units for urban and rural residents, and other survey objects include 63 boilers, 5 oil storage tanks and 256 gas stations in non-industrial enterprises.

(2) Water pollutants

Total discharge of pollutants from domestic source water: chemical oxygen demand is 33,548.17 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 2,407.37 tons, total nitrogen is 3,717.54 tons, total phosphorus is 269.29 tons, and animal and vegetable oil is 780.68 tons. Among them, the discharge of pollutants from urban domestic water: chemical oxygen demand 17608.38 tons, ammonia nitrogen 1880.27 tons, total nitrogen 2876.24 tons, total phosphorus 184.23 tons and animal and vegetable oil 321.65 tons; Discharge of pollutants from rural domestic source water: chemical oxygen demand is 15,939.79 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 527.11 tons, total nitrogen is 841.30 tons, total phosphorus is 85.06 tons, and animal and vegetable oil is 459.03 tons.

(3) Air pollutants

Emissions of air pollutants from domestic sources: 3241.92 tons of sulfur dioxide, 1959.12 tons of nitrogen oxides, 10391.32 tons of particulate matter and 7380.91 tons of volatile organic compounds.

V. Centralized pollution control facilities

(1) Basic information

There are 111 centralized sewage treatment units, 47 centralized domestic waste treatment and disposal units, and 5 centralized hazardous waste utilization and disposal (treatment) units.

Pollutant discharge of waste water (leachate) from garbage disposal and hazardous waste (medical waste) disposal: chemical oxygen demand is 9.91 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 2.74 tons, total nitrogen is 3.84 tons, total phosphorus is 0.20 tons, and heavy metal is 8.84 kg.

Emissions of pollutants from hazardous waste (medical waste) incineration waste gas: 5.66 tons of sulfur dioxide, 24.42 tons of nitrogen oxides and 1.60 tons of particulate matter.

(II) Centralized sewage treatment

The total annual sewage treatment capacity is 76.0662 million cubic meters. Among them, there are 24 urban sewage treatment plants, which treat 73.8208 million cubic meters of sewage; There are 86 centralized sewage treatment facilities in rural areas, treating 1.047 million cubic meters of sewage; 1 other sewage treatment facility, with a sewage treatment capacity of 1,198,400 cubic meters.

Reduction of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand 11584.94 tons, ammonia nitrogen 1421.55 tons, total nitrogen 1662.19 tons, total phosphorus 144.17 tons and animal and vegetable oil 115.78 tons.

The output of dry sludge is 12,500 tons, and the disposal capacity is 12,500 tons.

(3) Centralized treatment and disposal of domestic garbage

The garbage disposal capacity is 674,200 tons, and all the disposal methods are landfill.

(4) centralized utilization and disposal (treatment) of hazardous wastes

There are 4 hazardous waste disposal plants and 1 medical waste treatment (disposal) plant. The designed disposal and utilization capacity is 690,800 tons/year, and the actual total amount of hazardous waste disposal and utilization is 129,600 tons. Among them, 3,529 tons of industrial hazardous waste, 2,052 tons of medical waste, and 123,988 tons of hazardous waste were comprehensively utilized.

Six, mobile source

(1) Basic information

Mobile source survey objects include motor vehicles and off-road mobile sources. Statistics show that the number of motor vehicles is 565,200, the total diesel power of agricultural machinery is 1,006,384 kilowatts, and there are 10,753 flights of civil aircraft.

Total emission of air pollutants: 10,774.63 tons of nitrogen oxides, 435.25 tons of particulate matter and 3,285.71 tons of volatile organic compounds.

(2) Motor vehicle pollution sources

Emissions of air pollutants: 4932.53 tons of nitrogen oxides, 84.91 tons of particulate matter and 2590.47 tons of volatile organic compounds.

(3) Non-road mobile pollution sources

Emissions of air pollutants: 5842.10 tons of nitrogen oxides, 350.34 tons of particulate matter and 695.24 tons of volatile organic compounds. Among them, construction machinery discharged 3438.81 tons of nitrogen oxides, 147.28 tons of particulate matter and 368.56 tons of volatile organic compounds; Agricultural machinery emits 2351.57 tons of nitrogen oxides, 201.34 tons of particulate matter and 322.81 tons of volatile organic compounds; Civil aviation aircraft emitted 51.72 tons of nitrogen oxides, 1.72 tons of particulate matter and 3.87 tons of volatile organic compounds.

Note     explain

Key areas: including Hantai District (including Hanzhong Economic and Technological Development Zone) and Nanzheng District.

General survey of industrial sources: including all industrial enterprises or industrial activity units in 41 industries in the three categories of mining, manufacturing, electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply in the National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T4754—2017). 15 categories of mineral mining, smelting and processing industry activity units in 8 categories of key industries that may be associated with natural radionuclides. Does not include sewage treatment and its recycling (industry code is 4620) enterprises.

Scope of agricultural source survey: including planting, livestock and poultry breeding (excluding retail investors) and aquaculture (excluding algae).

The scope of life source survey: including the generation and discharge of domestic sewage, the energy use of urban and rural residents, boilers, oil storage tanks and gas stations in non-industrial enterprises.

General survey scope of centralized pollution control facilities: including centralized sewage treatment units, centralized domestic garbage treatment and disposal units and centralized hazardous waste utilization and disposal (treatment) units.

Scope of mobile source survey: including motor vehicles and off-road mobile sources, and the survey is published in administrative districts.

Accounting scope of volatile organic compounds: energy consumption of industrial enterprises and organized emission of main product production processes, living consumption of urban and rural residents, use of architectural coatings and adhesives, urban asphalt road paving, oil storage and civil gas stations open to the outside world, motor vehicles and off-road mobile sources.

No mechanical adjustment has been made for the errors caused by the choice of decimals in the total figures and some calculated data in the bulletin. (Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment)

CCTV News:Driving a luxury car and living in a spacious house, who would have thought that behind a glamorous family, the price was a woman’s miserable life for nine years. Recently, Chongqing police found a domestic violence case and rescued a woman who was illegally detained by her husband.

An alarm message reveals her husband’s evil deeds.

On March 16, 2017, the duty room of Shapingba police station suddenly received a short message alarm from the command center of the municipal bureau. The content of the short message was very strange: help me, I am now under control and coerced to engage in fraud, involving hundreds of thousands of dollars.

The police initially thought it was a pyramid scheme. The policeman indicated his detailed address at the end of the message, and the police quickly rushed to the incident site. What the police didn’t expect, however, was that this incident was worse than illegal detention through pyramid schemes — — What appeared in front of the police was a girl handcuffed to the computer.

The woman was pale, her left foot was locked by anklets, and she dared not speak. There are many QQ and WeChat chat interfaces on the computer screen.

There was also a man at the scene. He said that he and the girl were husband and wife. Because they quarreled, they were afraid that she would run, so they locked them on the stool.

In front of the police, the man took out the ankle key and opened the lock for the woman. The woman looked very scared and told the police in a low voice that she was abused.

Police:Hit you with this stick?

Woman:Hmm.

Police:He hit it with this stick. Is it hurt?

Woman:Yes.

In the victim’s home, the police also found handcuffs, anklets and other items. The police brought the two back to the police station for further investigation.

The woman was imprisoned by her husband for 9 years and coerced to cheat online.

In the police station, the alarm woman told the whole story with tears, and a sensational story gradually surfaced.

In 2008, 20-year-old Zhang Xue (a pseudonym) went to work in Shanghai from her hometown of Zhongxian, and met Chen Hua (a pseudonym). They soon became boyfriend and girlfriend. After a period of contact, Zhang Xue found that Chen Hua had a bad temper and was very selfish, so she broke up. But Chen Hua didn’t agree, and several people rushed to her rental house to beat her.

In desperation, Zhang Xue chose to endure, but did not expect that this endurance was a dark life for 9 years. Soon, Zhang Xue became pregnant, and under the coercion of Chen Hua, they got married. Zhang Xueben thought that Chen Hua’s temper would be restrained when she had a child. Unexpectedly, he intensified and dragged her onto the road of telecom fraud.

Zhang Xue:He asked me to cheat others on the Internet. At first, I didn’t know how to chat with others. He was chatting and typing, and the video was pointed at me. Later, he taught me how to chat. At first, I was very nervous. As soon as I said something wrong, he called me with a fist.

"Deception indicators" can’t be beaten by husbands.

Chen Hua, who has no job, gives Zhang Xue "business indicators" every day. If he can’t cheat the specified amount every day, he will be beaten. In order to force Zhang Xue to complete his "performance", Chen Hua’s violence also began to escalate, using various tools.

Zhang Xue:Hit with clothes hangers, wires, baseball bats, wooden sticks, screwdrivers and vises, whatever you can.

Chen Hua stipulates that he must cheat 4,000 to 5,000 every day. One day, Zhang Xue didn’t cheat money, but he took a knife and cut off her little finger.

Reporter:The direct knife was cut off?

Zhang Xue:Yes, there’s only one skin left, and now I’m unconscious in front.

Reporter:Besides this kind of injury, what other injuries are there?

Zhang Xue:This hand was also cut by him with a knife, and so was this place. After knowing him, I was hurt all over my body.

Unable to stand the beating, Zhang Xue began to cheat money online according to Chen Hua’s request, from one or two hundred yuan at the beginning to thousands later.

In order to prevent his telecom fraud from being exposed, in 2016, Chen Hua moved to Chongqing with Zhang Xue and her daughter, and installed a camera at home to monitor Zhang Xue’s every move with her mobile phone.

Zhang Xue:My record of transferring money to him on WeChat is at least 500,000, and he said that he played games with the money. I don’t want to lie to others.

Reporter:Does your child know every time he hits you?

Zhang Xue:The child is here, and the child says, mom, you are so poor. She can’t tell lies, but only do things. She said, mom, you’d better go and do something. I don’t want dad to hit you.

The wife couldn’t bear to call the police and the husband was detained.

The victim thought that her forbearance could make her husband change, but she didn’t expect her husband to treat her more severely, which made her finally summon up the courage to call the police.

In February of this year, Chen Hua bought handcuffs and anklets to lock Zhang Xue in order to let Zhang Xue continue to cheat him. This lock is a month, and it has also become the fuse for Zhang Xue to decide to resist Chen Hua. Zhang Xue quietly collected evidence of Chen Hua’s illegal detention and forcing her to commit telecom fraud through mobile phone camera and recording. On March 16th, Zhang Xue finally got up the courage and sent the alarm message. At present, Chen Qiang is criminally detained by the police on suspicion of illegal detention and telecom fraud, while Zhang Xue is a coerced crime. The police will make a decision on how to deal with her after further investigation.

The Anti-Domestic Violence Law has been implemented for one year: the success rate of personal safety protection orders is 98%

The police who handled the above-mentioned cases told the reporter that the police station often encountered domestic violence cases when receiving the police, but because the violence cases occurred at home, it was often difficult for the police to handle them because of insufficient evidence. The ignorance of violence will only make the perpetrators more unscrupulous. Zhang Xue is a living example.

From March 1, 2016 to now, China’s Anti-Domestic Violence Law has been implemented for one year. As the first anti-domestic violence law in China, it clearly stipulates that "physical and mental violations committed by family members in the form of beating, binding, mutilation, restriction of personal freedom, frequent abuse and intimidation" belong to domestic violence.

In the more than one year since the implementation of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law, there is a data worthy of attention, which has more enlightenment significance for this case. According to the statistics of the Supreme People’s Court, from March 1, 2016 to the end of December, 2016, the national courts issued a total of more than 680 personal safety protection orders, with a success rate of 98%, ranking first in the implementation rate of civil rulings in China. For Zhang Xue in this case, if she can apply for this protection order earlier during her nine-year imprisonment, the tragedy may be avoided to some extent.

How can a victim of domestic violence apply for a personal safety protection order?

When can I apply?

Suffering from domestic violence or facing the real danger of domestic violence. Domestic violence includes physical and mental violations such as beating, binding, mutilation, restriction of personal freedom, frequent abuse and intimidation. Unmarried cohabitation can also be applied.

How to apply for a personal safety protection order?

Written application, if you have difficulty, you can apply orally. If the party concerned is a person with no (limited) capacity for civil conduct, or cannot apply for it due to coercion, intimidation and other reasons, close relatives, public security organs, women’s federations, neighborhood committees, village committees and relief management agencies may apply for it on their behalf. There is no need to pay legal fees and provide guarantee for the application.

How long can I get a reply after applying?

After accepting the application, the court makes a decision within 72 hours; In case of emergency, it should be decided within 24 hours.

How long is the personal safety protection order valid?

No more than 6 months from the date of making the decision.

How does the personal safety protection order protect the applicant?

Prohibit the respondent from committing domestic violence; Prohibit the respondent from harassing, stalking or contacting the applicant and its related close relatives; Ordering the respondent to move out of the applicant’s residence for protection; Other measures for the personal safety of the applicant.

The personal safety protection order shall be executed by the court, and the public security organs, residents’ committees and villagers’ committees shall assist in the execution.

What should the respondent do if he violates the habeas corpus?

If it constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law; If it does not constitute a crime, it shall be fined up to 1000 yuan and detained up to 15 days according to the seriousness of the case.

　　CCTV News:In the past two days, many departments have released a number of data, showing that China’s economy continues to improve.

　　In November, electricity consumption of the whole society increased by 11.6% year-on-year.

　　The National Energy Administration released electricity consumption data. In November, the electricity consumption of the whole society was 763 billion kWh, up 11.6% year-on-year. Among them, the electricity consumption of primary industry increased by 12.2%, the electricity consumption of secondary industry increased by 9.8%, the electricity consumption of tertiary industry increased by 20.9%, and the electricity consumption of urban and rural residents increased by 10.0%.

　　In the first 11 months, the postal delivery business exceeded 140 billion pieces.

　　Data released by the State Post Bureau, 1— In November, the postal delivery business in China totaled 146.31 billion pieces, up 15.8% year-on-year. Express delivery companies continue to exert their efforts in overseas markets. In the first 11 months, China’s international and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan express delivery business totaled 2.75 billion pieces, up 54.1% year-on-year.

　　The total demand for cold chain in China is expected to reach 350 million tons this year.

　　With the demand for cold chain logistics gradually stabilizing and rebounding, the reporter learned from China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing on December 16th that in 2023, the total demand for cold chain in China is expected to reach 350 million tons, the infrastructure related to cold chain logistics is growing rapidly, and the number of refrigerated trucks is expected to exceed 430,000.

　　China’s foreign exchange market operated steadily in November.

　　According to the data released by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on December 15th, China’s foreign exchange market is operating steadily and the cross-border capital flows are basically balanced. In November, the bank settled 173.5 billion US dollars and sold 198.1 billion US dollars. 1— In November, banks accumulated 2004.2 billion US dollars in foreign exchange settlement and 2073.1 billion US dollars in foreign exchange sales.

　　China’s photovoltaic manufacturing industry maintains a high level of operation

　　According to the latest data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, since 2023, China’s photovoltaic manufacturing industry has maintained a high level of operation, and the growth rate of all links in the industrial chain has been above 70%.

　　September 2023 & mdash; In October, the output of polysilicon in the upstream of photovoltaic industry reached 236,600 tons, up 90% year-on-year.

　　A few days ago, in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, the world’s largest 120,000-ton granular silicon production base was officially put into production, and it was quickly ordered by eight domestic silicon wafer manufacturers. At present, the order has exceeded 1 million tons.

　　In the downstream of the industrial chain, the world’s first commercial megawatt perovskite ground photovoltaic project invested and constructed by Three Gorges Group was successfully connected to the grid not long ago, providing data support for promoting more efficient and stable commercial application of photovoltaic technology.

　　In the first 10 months of 2023, China’s newly installed photovoltaic capacity reached 142 million kilowatts, a year-on-year increase of 144.8%.

　　This year, China’s total cold chain demand is expected to increase by over 6% year-on-year.

　　The reporter learned from the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing on December 16 that according to the statistics of the China Federation of Logistics and Cold Chain Logistics, the total demand for cold chain in China is expected to reach 350 million tons in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 6.1%; The total revenue of cold chain logistics is expected to reach 517 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.2%.

　　Driven by the gradual stabilization and recovery of cold chain demand, cold chain-related logistics infrastructure is also accelerating. In 2023, the number of refrigerated trucks is expected to reach 431,000, a year-on-year increase of 12.8%; The total amount of cold storage is expected to reach 228 million cubic meters, up 8.3% year-on-year.

A few days ago, EV Sales, an American new energy vehicle sales statistics website, released the sales data of new energy vehicles in various regions of the world in the first half of 2019. In the first half of the year, the total global sales of new energy vehicles reached 1,117,484 units, a year-on-year increase of 47.4%. In the first half of the year, the proportion of new energy vehicles reached 2.4%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points compared with the same period last year. In the context of the global auto market downturn, the growth momentum of new energy vehicles is very rapid.

After sorting out the data of websites such as EV Sales and domestic car association, 15 tables were compiled, which mainly observed the sales of new energy vehicle models and brands in the world, China, the United States and Europe, and compared the best-selling models and brands in the three regions horizontally, and interpreted the trend of the new energy vehicle market in the first half of 2019 in detail.

In the global sales ranking of new energy vehicles, it firmly occupied the first place in the list with the sales data of 160,000 vehicles, with a market share of 14%. Followed by three domestic car companies, BAIC and SAIC, the total sales of new energy vehicles of the three car companies in the first half of the year exceeded 270,000 units, which was close to a quarter of the total sales of new energy vehicles in the first half of the year. In addition, domestic car companies such as,, etc. also appeared in the top ten of the list, ranking seventh and tenth with sales of 47,000 units and 32,000 units respectively.

On the whole, the growth rate of models in the first half of this year is much larger than that of plug-in new energy vehicles. Especially in June this year, the year-on-year growth rate of sales exceeded 100%, while the year-on-year growth rate of plug-in models was 67%. In the first half of this year, the proportion of pure electric new car sales also increased from 69% last year to 76%.

It can be seen from this trend that the market share of plug-in and hybrid vehicles as transitional new energy vehicles is gradually decreasing, and the process of vehicle electrification is progressing steadily, and the era of pure electricity has become an obvious trend.

New energy vehicles continued to maintain strong growth in 2019. According to the data released by EV Sales, the global total sales of new energy vehicles reached more than 1.11 million units in the first half of this year, with a year-on-year growth rate of 47.4%.

In the first half of the global automobile sales, the sales of new energy vehicles accounted for 2.4%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points compared with the same period last year.

Judging from this trend, the growth momentum of new energy vehicles is very strong, especially in June, when the global sales of new energy vehicles approached 265,000, which is the second highest monthly sales of new energy vehicles, second only to the sales of 283,000 vehicles in December last year.

According to the law of the automobile market, the second half of each year is the real peak season for car purchase. With an average growth rate of 40%, the total sales volume of new energy vehicles this year is expected to exceed 3 million units.

The general trend is gratifying, and the new energy achievements of various car companies are also quite good. All car companies with strong new energy strategies have handed in satisfactory mid-year exam papers.

1. Top ten global manufacturers of new energy vehicles.

Top ten global manufacturers of new energy vehicles.

In the overall list of global electric vehicle sales, Tesla ranked first with sales of more than 160,000 vehicles. The best-selling model is the main source of its sales. From the perspective of a single model, the global sales volume of Model 3 in the first six months was close to 130,000, and in Europe and America, this model was firmly ranked first in the sales list. However, because Model 3 has not entered China for a long time, its sales performance in China has not yet shown its edge.

Following Tesla’s list are three China car companies, BYD, BAIC and SAIC. BYD’s huge new energy family has occupied a large number of markets for it; BAIC’s EU series successfully took over the banner of EC series domestic "sales king"; SAIC’s strategy of steady and steady new energy series has also achieved good results. In the first half of this year, the total sales volume of new energy vehicles of these three car companies exceeded 270,000, accounting for 25% of the global new energy vehicle market.

In addition to the above three China car companies, domestic independent brands Geely and Jianghuai also entered the top ten with sales of 47,000 vehicles and 32,000 vehicles respectively, and China car companies accounted for half of the top ten global new energy brands.

It is also worth mentioning that, as the only luxury car company, its performance in the field of new energy in the first half of this year is also remarkable. Hybrid models such as BMW 530e/Le and other pure electric models won the fifth place. In particular, i3, which has entered the end of the product cycle, sold nearly 20,000 vehicles worldwide in the first half of this year, an increase of over 20% year-on-year.

With the development of BMW’s new energy strategy, the mass production of iX3, iX5, I and other models will come out, and BMW’s market in the new energy field will be further expanded.

2. Top 10 models of global new energy vehicle sales.

Top Ten Sales Models of New Energy Vehicles in the World

Judging from the sales volume of a single model, the top one has opened the gap with the following models such as Beiqi EU and BYD Yuan EV, and the sales volume in the first half of the year reached 128,000, accounting for 11% of the market. Judging from this momentum, the sales forecast of 500,000 this year is not impossible.

BAIC EU series and BYD EV have been sought after in the domestic market. The replacement of EC series by EU series has enabled BAIC to take off the cheap and poor quality "hat" and successfully realize the replacement of ace models. Yuan EV will also launch the modified Yuan EV535 this year. At that time, it can be expected that these two national electric vehicles will once again stage the "King’s Battle".

In addition, in terms of vehicle sales, China’s new energy vehicles occupy six seats in the top ten list of global vehicle sales, which shows the rapid development of China’s new energy market.

Looking closely at the sales list, we can also find another force-the models of the alliance also appear in the sales list of a single model, which shows that the synergy brought by the alliance is still very considerable.

3. Top ten models of global pure electric vehicle sales.

Top ten models of global pure electric vehicle sales

It is also worth noting that the market share of pure electric vehicles in the first half of this year has also been greatly improved. In June this year alone, the growth rate of pure electric vehicles reached 104% year-on-year, while the growth rate of plug-in vehicles was 67%. Pure electric vehicles accounted for 76% of the new energy vehicle market in June, compared with 69% in December last year. It has become an irreversible trend for cars to move towards pure electrification.

There is not much difference between the sales volume of a single vehicle in the pure electric market and the overall sales volume of new energy vehicles. Tesla is still at the top of the list, and China’s new energy vehicles are on the list with six vehicles. After removing the hybrid models of Mitsubishi and BYD, Korean car companies can barely make the list.

There is a magical phenomenon in the electric vehicle market in the United States. In the first half of this year, the total sales volume of electric vehicles in the United States was 175,000 units, while Tesla sold nearly 100,000 electric vehicles, accounting for 57% of the market. The sales of the remaining local brands Chevrolet, Chevrolet, and Chevrolet are somewhat stretched.

1. Top ten manufacturers of new energy vehicles in the United States

Top ten manufacturers of new energy vehicles in the United States

From the perspective of brand sales, the electric market in the United States tends to be unipolar, and the strong Tesla is in sharp contrast with the weak traditional American car companies.

In addition, the occupation of the market by foreign car companies has also affected the American electric vehicle market to some extent. Japanese car giants, Nissan, and BBA, the top three German car companies, are all trying to open up new energy markets in the United States, although these car companies have gained a place. However, from the sales results, it is still difficult for these car companies to shake Tesla’s position in a short period of time.

2. Top 10 models of new energy vehicle sales in the United States

Top Ten Sales Models of New Energy Vehicles in the United States

From the perspective of single vehicle sales, Tesla’s Model 3 is also the main vehicle in the new energy market in the United States.

Interestingly, however, the new energy market in the United States seems to be somewhat against the trend of pure electricity. Among the top ten new energy vehicles, five are plug-in new energy vehicles, of which Toyota plug-in even ranks second.

In addition to Tesla, are there any models worth talking about in the US new energy market? Actually, there are, and there are two models.

First of all, we should pay attention to Chevrolet Volt, which was born in 2008. The first generation model is a model, and it has been delivered in mass production since 2010. In 2015, the model was redesigned from the inside out. After the redesign, the Chevrolet Volt became a plug-in model, and then it was listed in China under the name of Velite 5.

It can be considered that plug-in hybrid technology has given Chevrolet Volt a new lease on life, and made it on the top ten list of electric vehicle sales in the United States.

Secondly, the sales of BMW 530e (domestic BMW 530Le) in the United States are very eye-catching, and this model also has good sales in Europe and China. At the same time, this is the only model in Europe whose sales volume of a single model has entered the top ten in the US list. As a representative of luxury new energy vehicles, the BMW 530e can be said to be deserved.

The pattern of European new energy vehicle market is diversified as a whole, which is in sharp contrast with the single polarization of the United States.

The new energy vehicles of American, Japanese, European and Korean four-series car companies are "as close as a bee" in this region, and Tesla, as the representative of American new energy vehicles, is exported to Europe and won the first place. Only BMW has a voice in the European market of German Sanjie BBA; The sales volume of Renault-Mitsubishi-Nissan Alliance is also firmly in the first echelon of new energy sales in Europe; The two modern Korean brands have also reached the top ten in the European new energy sales list, which can be said to be a lot of bright spots.

1. Top ten European manufacturers of new energy vehicles.

Top ten European manufacturers of new energy vehicles

From the perspective of brand sales, Tesla undoubtedly won the first place in new energy sales in Europe, but Tesla’s victory actually depends on Model 3, which entered Europe this year. This model sold 37,780 vehicles in just a few months. If you only rely on the previous and, it is difficult for Tesla to enter the top ten of the list, which shows that the competitiveness of Model 3 is very strong.

In addition, the sales of new energy brands in Europe are still supported by established traditional car companies.

BMW won the second place in Europe with its huge hybrid car series and the best-selling i3, but i3 has entered the end of the product cycle, and BMW urgently needs an ace pure electric vehicle to inherit the sales of i3.

The total market share of Renault-Mitsubishi-Nissan Alliance has reached 21%. From the perspective of automobile enterprise groups, this alliance should be the best-selling automobile enterprise group of new energy vehicles in Europe. However, the single sales of these three companies are not brilliant, and Renault has only sold 24,000 vehicles at the most. Mitsubishi and Nissan’s new energy vehicles have entered the European market only through the alliance with Renault.

It is also noteworthy that Hyundai and Kia, two Korean brands, have also entered the new energy market in Europe, and the sum of these sales is almost the same as that of BMW, which shows that Korean new energy vehicles are quite influential in Europe.

2. Top 10 sales models of new energy vehicles in Europe

Top Ten Sales Models of New Energy Vehicles in Europe

Judging from the sales volume of a single model, Model 3 is the biggest dark horse in the new energy market in Europe this year. Before the launch of this model, no one expected that it would threaten the status of being mixed with Mitsubishi Outlander, and no one thought that this model would be more than the new energy sales of BMW’s entire group.

However, outside this model, the ranking of other new energy vehicles has hardly been affected. Renault Zoe and Mitsubishi Outlander are still evergreen trees in the European new energy market, and they sold 24,288 vehicles and 18,982 vehicles respectively.

Followed by BMW’s i3, but this model is already at the end of the product cycle, and its sales volume has been declining in recent years; Correspondingly, it is pure electric golf. Soon after its new listing, this model entered the top ten of the sales list, with a total of 12,618 vehicles sold in the first half of this year. The positioning of the two models is quite similar, and they are both miniature electric vehicles for commuting in cities, so there is bound to be some competition.

Hyundai Kona EV has also entered the top ten of the new energy sales list in Europe. Korean car companies can be said to have entered the European market with new energy vehicles. In the previous era of fuel vehicles, the sales of Hyundai and Kia in Europe have always been very general. However, it is worth noting that this electric car just bombed one in Montreal, Canada at the end of last month, and will be listed in China in the second half of this year. Quality problems may affect the subsequent sales of this model.

Mini Countryman plug-in models also performed well in the first half of this year. Previously, BMW Group has been trying to electrify the brand, and also released the pure electric version of Mini Cooper SE. This time, Mini Countryman’s entry into the top ten of the list is a good start for the mini brand. If the follow-up models can keep up, the road to electrification of the mini brand will be much easier.

On the whole, the new energy market pattern in Europe is very diversified, and the four-series car companies of the United States, Japan, Europe and South Korea have started a "big melee" in this region.

Different from the situation of new energy vehicles of various automobile enterprises in Europe and America, the domestic new energy market pattern is relatively clear.

1. Top ten manufacturers of new energy vehicles in China.

Top ten manufacturers of new energy vehicles in China

On the whole, local brands in the domestic new energy market are relatively strong. Except Tesla, no other foreign brands have entered the top ten of the new energy vehicle brand list.

In terms of brand sales, BYD is far ahead with the advantage of 140,000 vehicles, accounting for 24% of the domestic new energy market. Its main models include not only the best-selling pure electric models such as Yuan EV and e5, but also the plug-in models such as Yuan DM and Song DM. The strategy of pure electric plug-in and two-legged walking gives BYD the confidence to compete with Tesla in total sales.

The battlefield with less than 100,000 vehicles is very tight with SAIC. They sold 69,000 vehicles and 65,000 new energy vehicles respectively in the first half of this year. Among them, BAIC still relies on its own pure electric vehicles to support sales, and the performance of SAIC Roewe’s plug-in models in the first half of this year is also remarkable.

It can be seen that Beiqi pure electric vehicles are selling well in China, but at this stage, pure electricity and plug-in in the new energy market are very important for occupying the market.

After the fourth place, the sales of various car companies are relatively balanced, and the overall results are between 15,000 and 50,000. Geely is currently ahead of Jianghuai and a little bit, but the performance of Geely’s new energy vehicles is not good in July, with a drop of nearly 70% from the previous month. The new energy vehicles of Jianghuai, Chery, Dalian and other car companies in the back row may catch up at any time.

In addition to domestic car companies, Tesla’s ranking in the top ten of the domestic new energy sales list is another highlight. Previously, Tesla only had Model S and Model X models in China. Since this year, Model 3 has only been sold in China. In just half a year, Model 3 sold 13,410 units and became the best-selling new energy vehicle in China.

With the completion and commissioning of Tesla’s Shanghai factory at the end of this year, the new Tesla Model 3 and its follow-up models will be sold in China. As the price drops, Tesla may win more markets and even threaten the position of the head company in the domestic new energy market.

In addition, the new car-making forces that were quite hot before were not on the list this time. It is understood that as of June, Weimar, Tucki, and other companies have delivered less than 10,000 vehicles, which is far from the 15,000 vehicles of the tenth SAIC-GM.

2. Top ten models of new energy vehicles in China.

Top Ten Sales Models of New Energy Vehicles in China

Although brand sales are far ahead, BYD’s single-model sales have been overwhelmed by Beiqi EU series. In the first half of this year, Beiqi EU series sold a total of 49,000 vehicles, while BYD Yuan EV sold 43,000 vehicles.

Compared with last year, BAIC’s trump card model has been iterated from the "brand-occupying artifact" EC series to the EU series, and the product technical strength has increased. However, the sales volume of BYD Yuan EV is still closely following, and it is ready to replace the top position of Beiqi EU series at any time. In addition, BYD Yuan EV535 will be listed soon. If this model is also included in the sales volume of Yuan EV series, BYD Yuan EV is likely to counterattack Beiqi EU series to win the sales champion of a single model this year.

In addition, compared with BAIC’s strategy of "eating fresh food all over the sky", BYD also chose the stable strategy of "flowering more". In addition to the first Beiqi EU and the fifth Geely, BYD took the second, third and fourth place in the top five sales list. It is worth mentioning that BYD Tang DM is the only hybrid model in the top ten of the new energy sales list in the first half of this year, which shows that this model is very competitive.

In addition, JAC iEV 6E and Chang ‘an are all new players on the list this year, replacing the previous ones, Jiangling E200S and Geely.

As the main pure electric vehicle of Great Wall, Euler R1 entered the top ten list for several months this year, paving the way for the subsequent electrification transformation of Great Wall.

Tesla, as the only foreign car company that entered China with pure electric vehicles, has entered the top ten in terms of brand sales, but its single vehicle has not entered the top ten list.

3. Top ten manufacturers of pure electric vehicles in China.

Top Ten Manufacturers of Pure Electric Vehicles in China

Judging from the top ten of the new energy sales list, domestic pure electric vehicles are obviously more popular, and nine of the ten models are pure electric vehicles. The further increase in the market share of pure electric vehicles also means that the speed of domestic automobile electrification transformation is further accelerated.

It is also for this reason that the gap between the domestic pure electric list as a whole and the new energy list is not large. In terms of brands, SAIC and other car companies that mainly sell new energy vehicles with plug-in models have declined, and Tesla’s ranking has further increased. However, BYD still maintains the number one position in brand sales because of its many categories and sales of pure electric vehicles.

4. Top ten models of pure electric vehicles in China.

Top Ten Sales Models of Pure Electric Vehicles in China

In terms of the sales volume of single pure electric vehicle, there is almost no overall change. Due to the removal of BYD Tang DM, the Tesla Model 3, which was originally ranked 11th in the sales volume of new energy, ranked 10th in the sales volume of single pure electric vehicle.

In addition, Tesla Model 3 is the only high-end model among the top ten pure electric sales lists, which shows that this model is still very competitive.

5, China plug-in car sales top ten manufacturers.

Top Ten Manufacturers of Hybrid Cars in China

In terms of mixed brands, BYD still ranks first in brand sales (hot-selling models are mostly willful), and the second place is SAIC, which sold 22,754 vehicles, and its sales performance with eRX5 in the first half of this year is good.

In addition, some of the top ten positions in China have been seized by joint venture car companies, and joint venture car companies such as SAIC-Volkswagen, BMW Brilliance, Kia of yueda and Toyota all have certain sales in the field of plug-in. However, except for the Passat of SAIC Volkswagen, the sales of other car companies exceeded 10,000 units.

6, China plug-in car sales top ten models.

Top 10 sales models of hybrid cars in China

Judging from the top ten plug-in hybrid models in sales volume, Tang DM is worthy of being BYD’s ace plug-in hybrid model, and its sales volume has surpassed more than 4,000 Volkswagen Passat in the second place. It is understood that this model will also launch a dual-engine four-wheel drive version in the near future, and the product strength will be upgraded again.

The plug-in version of Volkswagen Passat has not been launched for a long time. Because Passat, the "National God Car", had a good reputation and user base before, the plug-in version became a best-selling model, and its sales in the first half of this year exceeded 11,000.

As the main plug-in hybrid model of BMW, BMW 530Le also sells well in China, and a car with more than 500,000 vehicles can sell 7,243 vehicles in China, which shows that the product strength of this model is very strong.

At present, China, the United States and Europe are the three largest new energy vehicle markets in the world, but the new energy market patterns in the three regions have their own characteristics.

1. Comparison of the Top Ten Sales Models in China, America and Europe

Comparison of Top Ten Sales Models in China, America and Europe

From the overall sales situation, China is the largest new energy vehicle market at present. In the first half of the year, the total sales of new energy vehicles in China exceeded 580,000, accounting for nearly 50% of the global sales of new energy vehicles. Compared with China, the sales volume in Europe and America is relatively small, but it is also in a state of continuous growth.

From the perspective of a single model, the best-selling new energy vehicle in Europe and America is Tesla’s Model 3, especially in the United States, where the sales of 81,000 vehicles have opened a considerable gap between Model 3 and the second Toyota Prius. However, in China, Tesla did not achieve a good market, so that it did not squeeze into the top ten.

In the price distribution of best-selling models, China, the United States and Europe are also different. Most domestic best-selling new energy vehicles are located in the price range of 100,000-200,000, and car companies are more inclined to the mid-end consumer market when pricing; On the top ten list of new energy vehicles in the United States and Europe, luxury brands such as Model X, Model S and Volvo XC60 T8 are also on the list. This phenomenon mainly reflects the different purchasing power of consumers in different regions.

2. Comparison of the top ten brands in China, America and Europe.

Comparison of Top Ten Brands in China, America and Europe

From the brand sales in the three regions, China local car companies have obvious advantages in new energy brands, while Europe and America tend to be more diversified. The American market is mainly occupied by local car companies such as Tesla, Ford, Chrysler, Toyota, Nissan, Honda and BBA German top three. Europe, on the other hand, presents a situation of scuffle between the United States, Japan, Europe and South Korea.

However, it is worth mentioning that the sales of new energy vehicles in the United States are highly polarized, with Tesla taking the lead, occupying 57% of the market, while the sales of other models are low, which shows that the products of new energy vehicles currently available in the new energy market in the United States are weak. However, if the time line is lengthened, the potential of the new energy market in the United States is also very great. The huge automobile consumers determine the base of its new energy market, while new car companies such as Rivian and Lucid, as well as established car companies such as Ford and General Motors, will have great room to play in the electrification market in the future.

In contrast, the distribution of sales in China and Europe is relatively even, with the sales of a large number of vehicles in the China market ranging from 10,000 to 30,000, and the same is true in the European market.

From the above 15 tables, the global new energy vehicle market can be summarized as follows:

1. The growth rate of the global new energy vehicle market has reached 46% (year-on-year growth) and entered a high-speed growth stage. If this speed can be maintained, the global sales of new energy vehicles are likely to exceed 3 million this year.

2. Pure electric vehicle has surpassed plug-in hybrid to become the main new energy vehicle, and the growth gap between them is further widening, and the trend of transition from new energy vehicles to pure electric vehicles is still clear.

3. The European and American markets are diversified, and Tesla ranks first in global sales, ranking first in Europe and America. However, in the domestic market, which is more cost-effective, Tesla’s sales are not at the top.

4. The advantages of local brands in China’s new energy market are obvious, and BYD and BAIC have carried the banner of China’s new energy market.

5. China’s new energy market accounts for half of the global share, and its position is increasingly prominent. With the further opening of the automobile industry environment, China will become the most important new energy automobile market in the world.

[Text/Observer Network Xiong Chaoran] "Does the United States really dare to freeze or even confiscate China’s official reserve assets?" Last month, Wang Yongli, former vice president of Bank of China and a senior researcher at Chongyang Financial Research Institute of Renmin University of China, asked this question in an article he wrote.

This is indeed a good question, especially after the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States and its allies imposed severe sanctions on the Russian central bank, making about half of its foreign exchange reserves unusable. The West also cut off some large Russian banks from the western financial system and banned many high-tech products from exporting to Russia.

In the latest issue of The Economist, published on April 23rd, local time, the magazine interviewed many experts and scholars, and analyzed and discussed this question-if China acts at the geopolitical level, such as the mainland’s "Wu Tong" Taiwan Province, will the west treat China like Russia?

According to the article, most experts agree that it is impossible for western countries, led by the United States, to seriously damage China, the world’s second largest economy, while their own financial systems and trade markets are not seriously damaged. Therefore, for this reason, the West may "be afraid to go that far".

Screenshot of The Economist report

The article first quotes Eswar Prasad, a professor at Cornell University in the United States, saying that "the United States and its allies certainly have ways to deal with China". He believes that at present, the power center of global finance is still firmly occupied by the West, and two-thirds of China’s $3.2 trillion foreign exchange reserves may be western government bonds, and the United States and European countries can freeze these assets when necessary.

"But do western countries really dare (freeze assets)?" Subsequently, this article in The Economist immediately raised such a question. According to the article, freezing China’s foreign exchange reserves may not cause too much instability. China can find other ways to fight back, and the large amount of assets held by westerners in China will also be worrying.

Gerard Pi Bo, a senior researcher at the Center for International Strategy and Studies (CSIS), pointed out that in return, China could confiscate foreigners’ assets in China. By the end of last year, foreigners had $3.6 trillion in direct investment in China, including fixed factories and $2.2 trillion in stocks, bonds and other "portfolio" investments, which was six times as much as the equivalent assets held by foreign countries in Russia.

Data Map: Employees of a foreign trade enterprise in Pingxiang Logistics Park of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area are producing exported electronic products.. Photo from Xinhua News Agency

"What if the West also imposes sanctions on financial institutions other than the Bank of China?" The Economist has considered this question again, and the answer is that this may make western institutions face "financial backlash".

According to the data of the Financial Stability Board (FSB), an international financial regulator, among the 30 banks with "specific systemic importance" in the world, 4 are China banks. If these banks are attacked, it may harm the interests of western institutions that provide loans to them or open accounts there.

Clay Lowery of the International Finance Association (IIF), a bankers’ organization, said that he was "not confident" about whether western countries had the confidence to cut off the business of China banks in order to keep their financial stability undisturbed.

The article points out that if the West adopts these sanctions against China, it will also cause serious damage to trade. Last year, less than one-fifth of China’s trade was settled in RMB, and most of the rest was settled in US dollars.

Martin Chorzempa, a senior researcher at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in the United States, said: "Without insurance and trade credit, many economic activities will dry up. Since China is a major trading partner of more than 120 countries, this kind of destruction may turn the rest of the world against the United States and its allies. "

According to the article, China accounts for 18% of the total imports of the United States and more than 22% of the total imports of the European Union, including many parts used in domestic manufacturing. Therefore, blocking trade with China may harm the country’s own production, including its exports.

The proportion of parts and components of electronic and electrical products imported from China in 2020 is shown in The Economist.

According to the simulation calculation of Gabriel Felbermayr, a professor at Vienna University of Economics and his co-authors, if the United States and its allies cut China’s imports by more than 90%, its own exports will drop by nearly 10%.

Western experts believe that China’s most important influence comes from its vast market. The United States may want to deprive China of some high-tech R&D, such as semiconductors, but according to the data of Boston Consulting Group (BCG), a total ban on semiconductor production will cost American semiconductor companies 37% of their income and endanger more than 120,000 jobs.

At the end of the article, it is said that the West can strike Russia harder economically whenever Russia tries to fight back, but this may not be the case for China, which in turn will make China fight back. For example, as far as China is concerned, the export restriction of rare earth can be used as a tool, and rare earth is used in many electronic products, which may disrupt the supply chain of other manufacturing segments of electric vehicle battery boxes.

"Then, if the United States and its allies impose the same sanctions on China as on Russia, they may suffer considerable pain. For this reason, they may not dare to go that far, but they certainly hope that China will not find out. " The article draws such a conclusion.

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.

　　Surprised or not? Your CT film is watched by an artificial intelligence computer!

　　The Medical Imaging Department of Nanjing Gulou Hospital applies the fashionable AI technology to the field of medical imaging. For patients undergoing chest CT examination in Gulou Hospital, the first "reader" of CT films is a specially trained artificial intelligence robot, which greatly improves the accuracy and speed of reading films. Recently, EBiomedicine, a sub-issue of The Lancet, introduced in detail the clinical application and transformation results of the SCI paper on "Artificial Intelligence+Medicine" led by Zhang Bing, director of the Medical Imaging Department of Nanjing Gulou Hospital. (Correspondent Liu Huiyan Intern Lu Wenqian Yangzi Evening News/Yangyan reporter Cai Yunqi)

　　A magical "game"

　　It only takes a second for a doctor to look at hundreds of pictures with the naked eye.

　　Director Zhang Bing has three computers on her desk. She demonstrated a naked-eye PK artificial intelligence reading competition to reporters. Director Zhang Bing first observed with the traditional naked eye mode to find lung nodules on CT films. There are more than 300 CT images of this patient. After preliminary screening, it is found that there is no big space occupation. However, if you want to observe small nodules, you still need to look at these more than 300 images layer by layer. Director Zhang read more than 300 pictures layer by layer on the computer, and it took about 10 seconds to preliminarily detect a small nodule with the naked eye. Then, on the other side of the computer, Director Zhang Bing calmly turned on the artificial intelligence system, just clicking the mouse on the image of the artificial intelligence system, and the diagnosis results popped up instantly on the work page: 9 suspected lesions. On the image on the left side of the work page, each suspected lesion is circled with a colored box and marked with a serial number. At the corresponding position on the right side of the page, each suspected lesion is listed according to the serial number, and the benign and malignant nodules are judged. The reporter saw that the first nodule detected by artificial intelligence coincided with the nodule observed by Director Zhang Bing with the naked eye. From the second, it was a nodule that was very small, light in color and difficult to find with the naked eye.

　　Speaking of the magic of artificial intelligence, Director Zhang remembered a case that impressed her deeply. A patient’s chest CT was examined by a doctor and found multiple small nodules, which could not be counted, but artificial intelligence accurately reported more than 800 nodules and clearly located the malignant nodules. This shocked everyone!

　　The "master reader" is tempered like this.

　　First-class experts as teachers, "feed" the data of hundreds of thousands of patients in TA.

　　How did the artificial intelligence computer master this stunt? Director Zhang Bing introduced that artificial intelligence has gone a long way before it is really put into clinical application. It takes more than three years to prepare the whole system and more than two years to turn the results into products. The whole team’s training of artificial intelligence is like a group of teachers educating and training a child to take the exam. In order to keep the children from making mistakes in the exam, the whole team fed a lot of "exercises" to the "children" — — Data. For example, in the practice of diagnosing pulmonary nodules, first-class experts in the field should be gathered. They input a lot of data about the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules to artificial intelligence, so that TA can learn what nodules are in memory again and again. In order to make the learning effect better and more rigorous, it is necessary to form a professional correction team to make rigorous feedback on every judgment of artificial intelligence. Only when more than two experts give the same opinion, will they give this answer back to artificial intelligence, so that artificial intelligence can learn deeply in constant practice and constant feedback, so as to master this skill thoroughly.

　　Can artificial intelligence make mistakes? Director Zhang Bing said that you don’t have to worry about it. Relevant data show that the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence is very high, which is higher than that of junior doctors and close to that of senior doctors. Moreover, artificial intelligence is only the first level of film reading, as well as the second reading and review by doctors with senior titles, and the final report is the responsibility of the doctors who review the report.

　　The doctor’s two-hour workload was shortened to 100 seconds.

　　Director Zhang Bing introduced that the application of artificial intelligence in medical imaging brings all-round benefits to doctors, patients and the treatment process.

　　In the traditional artificial mode, imaging department is a platform to support the discipline, and doctors need to face a lot of workload every day. Take the imaging department of Gulou Hospital as an example, it needs to receive 2500 patients every day on average, while a normal person needs to see at least 300 images in CT. Taking the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules as an example, the size, shape and blood vessel section of nodules are very similar. Doctors in the traditional mode need to look at tens of thousands of images every day, and long-term work will inevitably lead to eye fatigue and mental inability to concentrate. Therefore, it is inevitable for doctors in imaging department to miss the diagnosis of nodules, which is also one of the pain points in the workflow of imaging department. After the introduction of artificial intelligence, tens of thousands of images have been handed over to artificial intelligence, which used to take 2 hours, but artificial intelligence can detect very accurate results with a click, which greatly improves the diagnostic efficiency.

　　There are about 300 chest CT images of a normal adult, but it is impossible to print all these 300 images in the actual printing process. Generally, one is printed every four images, so about 80% of the images are lost in the printing, and there are likely to be very critical images in the lost images, which is another pain point in the workflow. For example, a patient’s report shows that there is a big nodule on the 160th layer image, but the image on this layer is just skipped when choosing to print the image. To solve this problem, it is necessary to find the 160th floor again and print it again, which is very inconvenient for doctors and patients. Artificial intelligence automatically identifies and collects key images with nodules, and automatically puts these key images on the upper layer when printing and typesetting, which overcomes this difficulty well.

　　Extended reading

　　Will AI replace doctors? The answer is no.

　　Talking about whether artificial intelligence (AI) will completely replace the role of doctors in imaging department in the future, Director Zhang Bing thinks it will not. She laughed and said that artificial intelligence AI is still only the level of primary school students, and can only replace some simple repetitive work.

　　Although artificial intelligence has greatly reduced the workload of doctors and helped them to complete most of the work, these jobs are relatively primary and simple, really complicated and need comprehensive thinking to judge, and artificial intelligence can’t replace them.

　　In the future development, artificial intelligence will mainly assist doctors to solve many simple and repetitive tasks, so that doctors can focus more on the diagnosis and treatment of intractable diseases.

　　More applications in the future: it is expected to screen out tumors at a glance.

　　Artificial intelligence technology is the trend of scientific and technological development in recent years, and the combination of artificial intelligence and medicine is also the direction of medical development. Nowadays, the application of artificial intelligence is only limited to the judgment of a single disease, and it is more common in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Director Zhang Bing told the reporter that her team has been deeply cooperating with Guo Hongqian, director of urology department of Gulou Hospital, to seek enough data to find prostate cancer in the process of image observation, so as to avoid the in-vivo puncture test that made patients very painful in the past.

　　"I hope that the future artificial intelligence will continue to grow under the support of sufficient data and sufficient training feedback, and it will be able to cope with more complex diseases, and play a role in improving efficiency and reducing errors in the whole process of imaging, so as to better help doctors treat patients and benefit mankind." Director Zhang Bing said. (Liu Huiyan, Lu Wenqian, Cai Yunqi)

　　　 Movie network news DreamWorks 3D cartoon met the domestic audience on April 20th. This cartoon, which was voiced by Nicolas Cage, Emma Stone and other movie stars, triggered a movie-watching craze in China. What is commendable is that Primitive Man has received almost zero bad reviews since its release, and the good reputation on the Internet has also contributed to the continuous rise of the box office.

Gao Qunshu repeatedly praised Weibo for firing "China films should reflect"

　　　 After watching the film, director Gao Qunshu praised it in his Weibo: "360-degree omni-directional view without dead ends, Xian Yi, young and old, is worth watching for more than five times. Life is so unhappy, and Primitive Man is so happy. The two hours in the cinema have made us happy for several days. Isn’t that enough? "

　　　 While Gao Dao praised Primitive Man, he also criticized China’s films with fierce words, and said rudely: "In the face of The Croods, China’s films are shit, of course, what I filmed is the dregs in the shit. Shame, shame, life is worse than death. " Although he deleted this Weibo soon after, it still triggered a discussion among netizens.

Clever film critics need a good story to push a good film collectively.

　　　 Even though The Croods’s box office performance in China is not so eye-catching, all the audiences who have seen the film are full of praise, especially a group of "Poison House" film critics who are slightly "tricky" on weekdays, but they all praised him this time. And think that although China movies have been improving, there are many good movies, but there are many defects.

　　　 The film critic, the Night Knight, has the strongest recommendation for this film among many film critics. He said, "After watching The Croods, there is almost no reason why not praise it. This is an animated film with excellent 3D effect, a warm and tearful family film, a road film with growing significance, a fantasy film full of wonders and monsters, and a crazy comedy that is full of joy. In short, it is a wonderful film beyond compare. Last year, many viewers missed "Invincible King of Broken Rings", so don’t leave any regrets about this one. "

　　　 When it comes to the gap between China’s films, his biggest problem is imagination: "In China’s films, the level of animated films needs to be improved most. After so many years, we have made a ‘ Pleasant goat ’ . The biggest problem is our lack of imagination, which is a problem accumulated by education for a long time, and it will not be solved for a while. "

　　　 Song Kaka, a media person, also sent a message to Weibo, saying: "Sometimes saw Thailand, Journey to the West and Encountering the West in the North, and thought that domestic films had improved, while Sometimes thought that Hong Kong and Taiwan films seemed to be ok again … Until one day, after watching The Croods, I laughed and cried from beginning to end. The truth was simple and simple, and my feelings were subtle. Finally, I realized that the gap between Chinese movies and Hollywood was still more than 150 years, and I was unable to evaluate it. I could only say: It’ s beautiful! " Film critic Hu Bugui immediately forwarded that domestic films "are not only poor in technology, but also poor in feelings, not only poor in creativity, but also poor in conscience."

　　　 On the other hand, in The Croods, directors Saunders and De Miko spent eight years patiently making this film, redefining the primitive people on the screen, and creating a lot of novel prehistoric creatures with rich imagination. They also suggested China Animation. "The most important thing is to have a good story. There are many touching stories and legends in China. If these stories with China characteristics can be turned into films, they can also be recognized by fans around the world with national characteristics." With patience, imagination and a good story, China movies hope to be on par with Hollywood movies. In the face of The Croods, who has almost no bad reviews, both China and China filmmakers should reflect.

Netizen’s hot comment:

　　　 Photographs: the unity of the family and their respective magical powers, the exile in Yuan Ye and the noise all the way, the affection, the wonders, and the various cute animals & HELIP; Echo before and after, without an unnecessary plot, roller coaster-style refreshing rhythm, laughing and crying all the way … DreamWorks animation is going to jump on Pixar to be the king of the world! Nomination for Best Animated Feature Film at the 86th Academy Awards in 2014

　　　 Taotaolinlin: Very good family animation. The story is very simple, tools, the use of fire and other reasons so that children can quickly understand, and then implanted with family and courage, the end is slightly moved. The whole story has many thrilling and funny scenes. The first paragraph of looking for breakfast is great, that is, it is wonderful, and it introduces the main characters, personality characteristics and living environment. This is a very common technique for screenwriters, but it is also very easy to use.　

　　　 Warm and sunny: Primitive people love to see tears and laugh until they burst into tears. The whole film is as enjoyable as riding a roller coaster. They don’t want to leave their seats at the end. I don’t know when I will meet such a movie again. It meets all our needs for movies. Family, friendship, love, communication and understanding grow into a cute and handsome adventure … … Ride the sun and fly to tomorrow!

　　　 Wood and Charlotte: Absolutely the best cartoon this year! My uncle Cage and stone sister dubbing is awesome! Tears are as low as I can’t stand DreamWorks’ incitement to affection! The last third are crying for Uncle Cage ~ the old foreign invasion and a family adventure! But I can’t hold it. Nice shot! I’m also happy to see the old-fashioned settings made by DreamWorks! Everyone loves impeccable five-star five-star The sequel is coming to the bowl! Pants and tanks are inexplicably cute! The flying at the end is too Noah’s Ark!

　　Cctv news"2017 China International Information and Communication Exhibition" is being held in Beijing. The test results of the second phase of 5G released by the China 5G Promotion Group, which is composed of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology, show that all indicators meet the standards of the International Telecommunication Union, and 5G is expected to be commercialized in 2020!

　　The second phase of 5G testing leads the world in many indicators.

　　According to experts, compared with 4G, the peak rate of 5G can reach 20Gbps, and the number of links per square kilometer can exceed 1 million. According to China’s 5G Promotion Group, the test shows that the existing 5G key technologies and scheme designs can fully meet the performance requirements of 5G networks such as peak rate, delay, bandwidth flow and access density determined by the International Telecommunication Union, and some key indicators have reached the world leading level.

　　Tong Wen, Chief Scientist of Huawei Wireless:

　　In the second phase of the test in 5G countries, we have set new records in many industries, among which the downlink rate is 32 gigabits per second, the requirement of the International Telecommunication Union is 10 gigabits per second, the delay time is 1 millisecond, and we achieved 0.33 milliseconds.

　　In the second phase test of 5G organized by China this year, the performance of some China enterprises almost reached the best level in the industry. A number of key technologies submitted by Huawei have been adopted as the international core standards of 5G, China Telecom is the lead and main contributor to the research of many key technologies of 5G, and ZTE has become the only manufacturer to provide a full range of equipment to participate in the seven scenarios of the second phase of China 5G test … … This means that communication enterprises in China are expected to lead the world in the 5G era.

　　5G has preliminary pre-commercial conditions.

　　At present, domestic enterprises have initially met the pre-commercial conditions in technology, system and terminal equipment. Next year, after the first-stage standard of 5G is determined, all links in the 5G industrial chain can quickly realize large-scale industrialization development.

　　According to the plan of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China’s 5G experiment will be divided into two steps:

　　The first step is to develop experiments for 5G technology from 2016 to the end of 2018. The main goal is to participate in supporting the formulation of 5G international standards;

　　The second step is to develop experiments for 5G products from 2018 to the end of 2020, with the main goal of conducting 5G pre-commercial testing.

　　Among them, the first step is divided into three stages: 5G key technology test, 5G technical scheme verification and 5G system verification, and then it will enter the stage of 5G network construction, and it is expected to be officially commercialized as early as 2020. But this doesn’t mean that 4G will quit the historical stage in 2020. Experts believe that 3G and 4G have coexisted for a long time, and the coexistence period of 5G and 4G will be much longer than that of 3G and 4G.

　　The White Paper on the Economic and Social Impact of 5G released by China Information and Communication Research Institute this year predicts that 2019 will become the first year of China’s 5G commercialization; In the initial stage of 5G commercialization, operators will carry out network construction on a large scale. By 2020, the investment in network and terminal equipment may be as high as 450 billion yuan; By 2030, 5G will drive China’s direct economic output to 6.3 trillion yuan, and the total output will be 10.6 trillion yuan in terms of indirect contribution.

　　5G lays the foundation for the Internet of Everything

　　At the communication exhibition, remote driving and holographic images based on 5G attracted many viewers to participate in the experience. When you put on special glasses, you can see another person sitting in the chair beside you so clearly, just like the scene in the movie Star Wars.

　　"In the future, autonomous driving will reach a speed of more than 120 kilometers per hour in a few milliseconds, and 5G can complete the intelligent response of autonomous driving within a delay of 1 millisecond." The staff introduced.

　　John young, president of Zhongcheng Think Tank, said that the speed and access capability of 5G can meet the needs of smart terminals such as automobiles, drones and robots in the future, and it is an important foundation for the future Internet of Everything. Many experts in the industry believe that 5G will be the first to be applied in the field of people’s livelihood, because there are more terminals and a wider range in the field of people’s livelihood.

　　"In the 5G era, large-scale applications such as smart meter reading can be better realized. Because the number of links in 4G base stations is far less than 5G, in the future Internet of Everything era, it is necessary to rely on 5G to achieve billions or even tens of billions of links. " John young said that in the future, a single 5G network can carry at least 1 million devices per square kilometer. The biggest highlight of 5G technology is that it can still meet the needs of future mobile services at a high speed in the case of limited spectrum resources. Therefore, the 5G network can provide brand-new technologies, and establish connections between people and things at a lower cost.

　　 ▌Source: CCTV News, Economic Daily

Compared with the ordinary monitoring station, it is more like a "doctor" with a comprehensive physical examination. It can not only monitor more than 150 indicators, but also find out the cause of air pollution and explain it clearly … At the press conference held by the Department of Ecology and Environment on March 7, the sub-station of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Photochemistry Group (hereinafter referred to as Super Station) walked from behind the scenes to the front.

Super stations have been planned and laid out in 15 key cities in Sichuan. Among them, the super stations in 8 cities including Chengdu have been put into use, and the remaining 7 super stations will be completed and put into operation before the end of this year. By then, a super station monitoring network will be basically formed in the whole province to realize targeted control of air pollution.

More than 150 indicators can be monitored to find out the "cause" of air pollution.

Due to the special topography, meteorology, industry, energy, traffic structure and other comprehensive factors, the prevention and control of air pollution in Sichuan Basin has entered a "deep water period", and it is necessary to move the real thing and "chew the hard bone" one by one.

How to dig?

"Targeted control is very important!" Lei Yi, deputy director of the Department of Ecology and Environment, said that based on the basic completion of the atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network, the Department of Ecology and Environment will increase the construction of super stations from 2020 to further clarify and understand the components of atmospheric pollutants and realize scientific pollution control.

So, where is the super station "super"?

At the press conference, Lei Yi made an image metaphor. "Compared with the conventional 6-parameter automatic monitoring station for ambient air quality, the super station is more like a’ doctor’ with a comprehensive physical examination." Lei Yi said that the super station can monitor more than 150 kinds of indicators, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble ions and inorganic elements in fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and 117 kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by ozone (O3). "The cause of air pollution can be clearly identified and explained." Lei Yi said.

At present, Sichuan has planned and laid out super stations in 15 key cities, among which super stations in Chengdu, Zigong, Luzhou, Deyang, Mianyang, Yibin, Guang ‘an and Dazhou have been put into use. The super stations in Panzhihua, Suining, Neijiang, Leshan, Nanchong, Meishan and Ziyang will be completed and put into operation before the end of this year. By then, a super station monitoring network will be basically formed in the whole province, which will provide more powerful support for deepening the blue sky defense war.

"Targeted pollution control" to achieve maximum environmental benefits at minimum cost.

In the winter of 2022, the concentration of water-soluble substances such as sulfate, organic carbon, elemental carbon and heavy metal iron in the air pollution in Deyang City was high, which contributed greatly to the concentration of PM2.5 in the urban area … Facing the atmospheric "disease", the Super Station accurately "felt the pulse" and found out the "cause": the characteristic pollution sources mainly came from industries such as coal burning and smelting. The targeted management and control plan was quickly released: relevant departments strengthened the management and control of enterprises such as steel and glass. When the medicine reaches the disease, the related pollutants are effectively controlled.

In addition to "targeted pollution control", the super station can also provide more accurate support for regional air environmental quality prediction and early warning of heavy pollution process.

Qi Qiang, chief engineer of the provincial ecological environment monitoring station, said that accurate early warning and forecasting have laid a good foundation for the prevention and control of air pollution, leaving enough space and gaining time for the process of dealing with polluted weather. The data shows that in 2022, the accuracy of air quality grade forecast in the next three days in the province will be 89.3%. After the completion of the super station in Mianyang, the accuracy of air quality grade forecast reached 95%.

Lei Yi said that relying on the super station, the local party committees and governments can carry out their work in a targeted manner, achieve precise control, and achieve maximum environmental benefits at the least cost.

A full-time and full-coverage atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network has been basically established.

Ecological environment monitoring is the basic work of ecological environment protection. "We have basically built a full-time, full-coverage atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network." Lei Yi said that the completion of such a network provides an important basis for assessing the improvement of environmental quality and the effectiveness of environmental pollution control in various places.

At present, there are 308 national and provincial air quality automatic monitoring stations in the province, and there is one national and provincial air quality automatic monitoring station every 25 square kilometers in the built-up areas of cities at or above the county level to monitor the ambient air quality of cities at or above the county level in real time. The eco-environment department also cooperates closely with meteorological departments to establish the Southwest Regional Air Quality Forecast Center, which can realize the forecast of air quality grade in the next 14 days at the provincial level and the forecast of major pollutants concentration in the next 7 days at prefecture-level cities. (Reporter   Tian Chengchen)

In November, CPI rose by 4.5% year-on-year.
Stable price operation and solid foundation

Core reading

In November, CPI rose by 4.5% year-on-year, 0.7 percentage points higher than that of last month. Food is the primary factor affecting this round of price increase. However, excluding the disturbance of the structural rise of some foods, the core CPI in November was 1.4%, which has been in a stable state. This reflects that the macroeconomic operation is relatively stable, the total supply and total demand are basically balanced, and the current price has no basis for an overall upward trend.

According to the national CPI (Consumer Price Index) and PPI (Industrial Producer Ex-factory Price Index) data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on December 10th, the CPI rose by 4.5% year-on-year, with an increase of 0.7 percentage points over the previous month.

Why will the CPI increase continue to expand in November? What do you think of this 4.5%? The expected target of CPI in this year’s "Government Work Report" is "an increase of about 3%", so the increase of CPI in November will not affect the completion of the annual target? With these questions, the reporter interviewed relevant experts.

The structural rise of price operation is still outstanding.

From a year-on-year perspective, CPI rose by 4.5%, an increase of 0.7 percentage points over the previous month. Among them, food prices rose by 19.1%, affecting CPI by about 3.72 percentage points; Non-food prices rose by 1.0%, affecting CPI by about 0.77 percentage points. It can be seen that food is still the primary factor affecting this round of price increases.

Food prices have gone up and down, mainly fruits, while fresh vegetables and meat have gone up. In November, the price of fresh fruit continued to drop by 6.8% year-on-year, and the decline rate was 6.5 percentage points higher than that of the previous month. The price of fresh vegetables decreased from last month to increase by 3.9%; The price of aquatic products rose by 2.4%, down 0.3 percentage points from last month; The price of pork rose by 110.2%, and the prices of beef, mutton, chicken, duck and eggs rose by 11.8%-25.7%.

Among non-food items, the prices of medical care, education, culture, entertainment and clothing rose by 2.0%, 1.7% and 1.1% respectively. Traffic and communication prices fell by 2.8%; Among them, the prices of gasoline and diesel decreased by 10.8% and 11.3% respectively. According to estimates, in the year-on-year increase of 4.5% in November, the impact of price changes last year was about 0, and the impact of new price increases was about 4.5 percentage points.

"At present, the structural rise of CPI is prominent, and the clear source of the rise is caused by pork. The impact of price increases is basically controllable, that is, related foods such as meat with consumption substitution. " Guo Liyan, a researcher at the Institute of Market and Price of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, analyzed that in November, the increase in the price of livestock meat contributed more than 70% to the increase in CPI.

At present, there is no basis for an overall upward trend in prices.

Guo Liyan introduced that year-on-year, excluding the disturbance of structural rise of some foods, the core CPI in November was 1.4%, which has been in a stable operation state.

"This shows that the CPI center is stable, reflecting that the macroeconomic operation is relatively stable, and the total supply and total demand are basically balanced. The main industrial consumer goods, service prices, housing prices and energy prices are basically in a stable or stable trend, and the current prices are not fully upward. basis." Guo Liyan said.

Judging from the recent trend, prices are also in a stable state. Non-food prices rose by 0.2% last month and turned flat. Affected by the changing seasons, clothing prices rose slightly by 0.5% in November. Travel in the off-season decreased, and the prices of air tickets, travel agency fees and hotel accommodation decreased by 11.0%, 4.4% and 3.8% respectively. Food prices rose by 1.8% month-on-month, and the growth rate dropped by 1.8 percentage points, and many of them also fell.

Shen Yun, senior statistician of the Urban Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, analyzed that in November, a large number of fruits such as apples, oranges and pears were listed, and the price of fresh fruits decreased by 3.0% compared with the previous month; The supply of aquatic products is abundant, and the price dropped by 0.5% compared with last month; In winter, the production, storage and transportation costs of fresh vegetables increased, and the price rose by 1.4%; Affected by the peak consumption season and alternative demand, the prices of beef, mutton, chicken and duck increased by 1.3%-4.3%. The tight supply of pork has eased, and the price has increased by 3.8% month-on-month, with the growth rate dropping significantly by 16.3 percentage points.

"From the perspective of consumers’ feelings, the average price of lean meat in 36 large and medium-sized cities has gradually dropped from 34 yuan in early November to below 31 yuan at the end of the month, but the average price in the whole month is still significantly higher than that in October." Guo Liyan analyzed.

It is expected that there will be no problem in achieving the regulatory objectives throughout the year.

Food prices have risen significantly, and the feelings of ordinary people are the most direct. All localities quickly started the linkage mechanism of price subsidies according to national requirements. Since the beginning of this year, 30 provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have distributed a total of 7.85 billion yuan of temporary price subsidies, benefiting 296 million people in need, and greatly alleviating the impact of rising food prices on the basic lives of people in need.

However, some people are worried that the expected target of CPI increase of around 3% this year can still be achieved?

Guo Liyan analyzed that the annual CPI is expected to remain at around 3%.

On the whole, China’s agricultural and industrial production is stable, the market supply is sufficient, and the total supply and total demand remain relatively balanced.

Looking at agriculture, the grain output has reached a new high. In 2019, China’s total grain output was 663.84 million tons, an increase of 5.94 million tons over 2018, a record high. The yield per unit area of cereals, beans and potatoes has all improved. At the same time of increasing grain income, apples, pears and other fruits have also been harvested, and the supply capacity of vegetables has continued to grow. Although the scale of pig slaughter has declined, the output of substitute meat such as chicken has increased significantly year-on-year, and the overall supply of meat protein is stable.

Looking at the industry, the product supply is very sufficient. China has a complete industrial production system, complete industrial categories and strong production capacity. In November, PPI decreased by 1.4% year-on-year, which also proved that the production capacity is sufficient.

"From the perspective of the whole year, considering the economic operation and the direction of macro-control policies, China’s stable price operation has a solid foundation, and there is no basis for overall price increases." Guo Liyan said that China has sufficient policy space, strong domestic market support, confidence, confidence, ability and conditions to ensure the smooth operation of prices. "It is expected that the annual control target of about 3% increase in consumer prices will be successfully achieved throughout the year." (Reporter Lu Yanan)