Surprised or not? Your CT film is watched by an artificial intelligence computer!

　　The Medical Imaging Department of Nanjing Gulou Hospital applies the fashionable AI technology to the field of medical imaging. For patients undergoing chest CT examination in Gulou Hospital, the first "reader" of CT films is a specially trained artificial intelligence robot, which greatly improves the accuracy and speed of reading films. Recently, EBiomedicine, a sub-issue of The Lancet, introduced in detail the clinical application and transformation results of the SCI paper on "Artificial Intelligence+Medicine" led by Zhang Bing, director of the Medical Imaging Department of Nanjing Gulou Hospital. (Correspondent Liu Huiyan Intern Lu Wenqian Yangzi Evening News/Yangyan reporter Cai Yunqi)

　　A magical "game"

　　It only takes a second for a doctor to look at hundreds of pictures with the naked eye.

　　Director Zhang Bing has three computers on her desk. She demonstrated a naked-eye PK artificial intelligence reading competition to reporters. Director Zhang Bing first observed with the traditional naked eye mode to find lung nodules on CT films. There are more than 300 CT images of this patient. After preliminary screening, it is found that there is no big space occupation. However, if you want to observe small nodules, you still need to look at these more than 300 images layer by layer. Director Zhang read more than 300 pictures layer by layer on the computer, and it took about 10 seconds to preliminarily detect a small nodule with the naked eye. Then, on the other side of the computer, Director Zhang Bing calmly turned on the artificial intelligence system, just clicking the mouse on the image of the artificial intelligence system, and the diagnosis results popped up instantly on the work page: 9 suspected lesions. On the image on the left side of the work page, each suspected lesion is circled with a colored box and marked with a serial number. At the corresponding position on the right side of the page, each suspected lesion is listed according to the serial number, and the benign and malignant nodules are judged. The reporter saw that the first nodule detected by artificial intelligence coincided with the nodule observed by Director Zhang Bing with the naked eye. From the second, it was a nodule that was very small, light in color and difficult to find with the naked eye.

　　Speaking of the magic of artificial intelligence, Director Zhang remembered a case that impressed her deeply. A patient’s chest CT was examined by a doctor and found multiple small nodules, which could not be counted, but artificial intelligence accurately reported more than 800 nodules and clearly located the malignant nodules. This shocked everyone!

　　The "master reader" is tempered like this.

　　First-class experts as teachers, "feed" the data of hundreds of thousands of patients in TA.

　　How did the artificial intelligence computer master this stunt? Director Zhang Bing introduced that artificial intelligence has gone a long way before it is really put into clinical application. It takes more than three years to prepare the whole system and more than two years to turn the results into products. The whole team’s training of artificial intelligence is like a group of teachers educating and training a child to take the exam. In order to keep the children from making mistakes in the exam, the whole team fed a lot of "exercises" to the "children" — — Data. For example, in the practice of diagnosing pulmonary nodules, first-class experts in the field should be gathered. They input a lot of data about the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules to artificial intelligence, so that TA can learn what nodules are in memory again and again. In order to make the learning effect better and more rigorous, it is necessary to form a professional correction team to make rigorous feedback on every judgment of artificial intelligence. Only when more than two experts give the same opinion, will they give this answer back to artificial intelligence, so that artificial intelligence can learn deeply in constant practice and constant feedback, so as to master this skill thoroughly.

　　Can artificial intelligence make mistakes? Director Zhang Bing said that you don’t have to worry about it. Relevant data show that the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence is very high, which is higher than that of junior doctors and close to that of senior doctors. Moreover, artificial intelligence is only the first level of film reading, as well as the second reading and review by doctors with senior titles, and the final report is the responsibility of the doctors who review the report.

　　The doctor’s two-hour workload was shortened to 100 seconds.

　　Director Zhang Bing introduced that the application of artificial intelligence in medical imaging brings all-round benefits to doctors, patients and the treatment process.

　　In the traditional artificial mode, imaging department is a platform to support the discipline, and doctors need to face a lot of workload every day. Take the imaging department of Gulou Hospital as an example, it needs to receive 2500 patients every day on average, while a normal person needs to see at least 300 images in CT. Taking the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules as an example, the size, shape and blood vessel section of nodules are very similar. Doctors in the traditional mode need to look at tens of thousands of images every day, and long-term work will inevitably lead to eye fatigue and mental inability to concentrate. Therefore, it is inevitable for doctors in imaging department to miss the diagnosis of nodules, which is also one of the pain points in the workflow of imaging department. After the introduction of artificial intelligence, tens of thousands of images have been handed over to artificial intelligence, which used to take 2 hours, but artificial intelligence can detect very accurate results with a click, which greatly improves the diagnostic efficiency.

　　There are about 300 chest CT images of a normal adult, but it is impossible to print all these 300 images in the actual printing process. Generally, one is printed every four images, so about 80% of the images are lost in the printing, and there are likely to be very critical images in the lost images, which is another pain point in the workflow. For example, a patient’s report shows that there is a big nodule on the 160th layer image, but the image on this layer is just skipped when choosing to print the image. To solve this problem, it is necessary to find the 160th floor again and print it again, which is very inconvenient for doctors and patients. Artificial intelligence automatically identifies and collects key images with nodules, and automatically puts these key images on the upper layer when printing and typesetting, which overcomes this difficulty well.

　　Extended reading

　　Will AI replace doctors? The answer is no.

　　Talking about whether artificial intelligence (AI) will completely replace the role of doctors in imaging department in the future, Director Zhang Bing thinks it will not. She laughed and said that artificial intelligence AI is still only the level of primary school students, and can only replace some simple repetitive work.

　　Although artificial intelligence has greatly reduced the workload of doctors and helped them to complete most of the work, these jobs are relatively primary and simple, really complicated and need comprehensive thinking to judge, and artificial intelligence can’t replace them.

　　In the future development, artificial intelligence will mainly assist doctors to solve many simple and repetitive tasks, so that doctors can focus more on the diagnosis and treatment of intractable diseases.

　　More applications in the future: it is expected to screen out tumors at a glance.

　　Artificial intelligence technology is the trend of scientific and technological development in recent years, and the combination of artificial intelligence and medicine is also the direction of medical development. Nowadays, the application of artificial intelligence is only limited to the judgment of a single disease, and it is more common in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Director Zhang Bing told the reporter that her team has been deeply cooperating with Guo Hongqian, director of urology department of Gulou Hospital, to seek enough data to find prostate cancer in the process of image observation, so as to avoid the in-vivo puncture test that made patients very painful in the past.

　　"I hope that the future artificial intelligence will continue to grow under the support of sufficient data and sufficient training feedback, and it will be able to cope with more complex diseases, and play a role in improving efficiency and reducing errors in the whole process of imaging, so as to better help doctors treat patients and benefit mankind." Director Zhang Bing said. (Liu Huiyan, Lu Wenqian, Cai Yunqi)

　　Cctv news"2017 China International Information and Communication Exhibition" is being held in Beijing. The test results of the second phase of 5G released by the China 5G Promotion Group, which is composed of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology, show that all indicators meet the standards of the International Telecommunication Union, and 5G is expected to be commercialized in 2020!

　　The second phase of 5G testing leads the world in many indicators.

　　According to experts, compared with 4G, the peak rate of 5G can reach 20Gbps, and the number of links per square kilometer can exceed 1 million. According to China’s 5G Promotion Group, the test shows that the existing 5G key technologies and scheme designs can fully meet the performance requirements of 5G networks such as peak rate, delay, bandwidth flow and access density determined by the International Telecommunication Union, and some key indicators have reached the world leading level.

　　Tong Wen, Chief Scientist of Huawei Wireless:

　　In the second phase of the test in 5G countries, we have set new records in many industries, among which the downlink rate is 32 gigabits per second, the requirement of the International Telecommunication Union is 10 gigabits per second, the delay time is 1 millisecond, and we achieved 0.33 milliseconds.

　　In the second phase test of 5G organized by China this year, the performance of some China enterprises almost reached the best level in the industry. A number of key technologies submitted by Huawei have been adopted as the international core standards of 5G, China Telecom is the lead and main contributor to the research of many key technologies of 5G, and ZTE has become the only manufacturer to provide a full range of equipment to participate in the seven scenarios of the second phase of China 5G test … … This means that communication enterprises in China are expected to lead the world in the 5G era.

　　5G has preliminary pre-commercial conditions.

　　At present, domestic enterprises have initially met the pre-commercial conditions in technology, system and terminal equipment. Next year, after the first-stage standard of 5G is determined, all links in the 5G industrial chain can quickly realize large-scale industrialization development.

　　According to the plan of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China’s 5G experiment will be divided into two steps:

　　The first step is to develop experiments for 5G technology from 2016 to the end of 2018. The main goal is to participate in supporting the formulation of 5G international standards;

　　The second step is to develop experiments for 5G products from 2018 to the end of 2020, with the main goal of conducting 5G pre-commercial testing.

　　Among them, the first step is divided into three stages: 5G key technology test, 5G technical scheme verification and 5G system verification, and then it will enter the stage of 5G network construction, and it is expected to be officially commercialized as early as 2020. But this doesn’t mean that 4G will quit the historical stage in 2020. Experts believe that 3G and 4G have coexisted for a long time, and the coexistence period of 5G and 4G will be much longer than that of 3G and 4G.

　　The White Paper on the Economic and Social Impact of 5G released by China Information and Communication Research Institute this year predicts that 2019 will become the first year of China’s 5G commercialization; In the initial stage of 5G commercialization, operators will carry out network construction on a large scale. By 2020, the investment in network and terminal equipment may be as high as 450 billion yuan; By 2030, 5G will drive China’s direct economic output to 6.3 trillion yuan, and the total output will be 10.6 trillion yuan in terms of indirect contribution.

　　5G lays the foundation for the Internet of Everything

　　At the communication exhibition, remote driving and holographic images based on 5G attracted many viewers to participate in the experience. When you put on special glasses, you can see another person sitting in the chair beside you so clearly, just like the scene in the movie Star Wars.

　　"In the future, autonomous driving will reach a speed of more than 120 kilometers per hour in a few milliseconds, and 5G can complete the intelligent response of autonomous driving within a delay of 1 millisecond." The staff introduced.

　　John young, president of Zhongcheng Think Tank, said that the speed and access capability of 5G can meet the needs of smart terminals such as automobiles, drones and robots in the future, and it is an important foundation for the future Internet of Everything. Many experts in the industry believe that 5G will be the first to be applied in the field of people’s livelihood, because there are more terminals and a wider range in the field of people’s livelihood.

　　"In the 5G era, large-scale applications such as smart meter reading can be better realized. Because the number of links in 4G base stations is far less than 5G, in the future Internet of Everything era, it is necessary to rely on 5G to achieve billions or even tens of billions of links. " John young said that in the future, a single 5G network can carry at least 1 million devices per square kilometer. The biggest highlight of 5G technology is that it can still meet the needs of future mobile services at a high speed in the case of limited spectrum resources. Therefore, the 5G network can provide brand-new technologies, and establish connections between people and things at a lower cost.

　　 ▌Source: CCTV News, Economic Daily

Compared with the ordinary monitoring station, it is more like a "doctor" with a comprehensive physical examination. It can not only monitor more than 150 indicators, but also find out the cause of air pollution and explain it clearly … At the press conference held by the Department of Ecology and Environment on March 7, the sub-station of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Photochemistry Group (hereinafter referred to as Super Station) walked from behind the scenes to the front.

Super stations have been planned and laid out in 15 key cities in Sichuan. Among them, the super stations in 8 cities including Chengdu have been put into use, and the remaining 7 super stations will be completed and put into operation before the end of this year. By then, a super station monitoring network will be basically formed in the whole province to realize targeted control of air pollution.

More than 150 indicators can be monitored to find out the "cause" of air pollution.

Due to the special topography, meteorology, industry, energy, traffic structure and other comprehensive factors, the prevention and control of air pollution in Sichuan Basin has entered a "deep water period", and it is necessary to move the real thing and "chew the hard bone" one by one.

How to dig?

"Targeted control is very important!" Lei Yi, deputy director of the Department of Ecology and Environment, said that based on the basic completion of the atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network, the Department of Ecology and Environment will increase the construction of super stations from 2020 to further clarify and understand the components of atmospheric pollutants and realize scientific pollution control.

So, where is the super station "super"?

At the press conference, Lei Yi made an image metaphor. "Compared with the conventional 6-parameter automatic monitoring station for ambient air quality, the super station is more like a’ doctor’ with a comprehensive physical examination." Lei Yi said that the super station can monitor more than 150 kinds of indicators, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble ions and inorganic elements in fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and 117 kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by ozone (O3). "The cause of air pollution can be clearly identified and explained." Lei Yi said.

At present, Sichuan has planned and laid out super stations in 15 key cities, among which super stations in Chengdu, Zigong, Luzhou, Deyang, Mianyang, Yibin, Guang ‘an and Dazhou have been put into use. The super stations in Panzhihua, Suining, Neijiang, Leshan, Nanchong, Meishan and Ziyang will be completed and put into operation before the end of this year. By then, a super station monitoring network will be basically formed in the whole province, which will provide more powerful support for deepening the blue sky defense war.

"Targeted pollution control" to achieve maximum environmental benefits at minimum cost.

In the winter of 2022, the concentration of water-soluble substances such as sulfate, organic carbon, elemental carbon and heavy metal iron in the air pollution in Deyang City was high, which contributed greatly to the concentration of PM2.5 in the urban area … Facing the atmospheric "disease", the Super Station accurately "felt the pulse" and found out the "cause": the characteristic pollution sources mainly came from industries such as coal burning and smelting. The targeted management and control plan was quickly released: relevant departments strengthened the management and control of enterprises such as steel and glass. When the medicine reaches the disease, the related pollutants are effectively controlled.

In addition to "targeted pollution control", the super station can also provide more accurate support for regional air environmental quality prediction and early warning of heavy pollution process.

Qi Qiang, chief engineer of the provincial ecological environment monitoring station, said that accurate early warning and forecasting have laid a good foundation for the prevention and control of air pollution, leaving enough space and gaining time for the process of dealing with polluted weather. The data shows that in 2022, the accuracy of air quality grade forecast in the next three days in the province will be 89.3%. After the completion of the super station in Mianyang, the accuracy of air quality grade forecast reached 95%.

Lei Yi said that relying on the super station, the local party committees and governments can carry out their work in a targeted manner, achieve precise control, and achieve maximum environmental benefits at the least cost.

A full-time and full-coverage atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network has been basically established.

Ecological environment monitoring is the basic work of ecological environment protection. "We have basically built a full-time, full-coverage atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network." Lei Yi said that the completion of such a network provides an important basis for assessing the improvement of environmental quality and the effectiveness of environmental pollution control in various places.

At present, there are 308 national and provincial air quality automatic monitoring stations in the province, and there is one national and provincial air quality automatic monitoring station every 25 square kilometers in the built-up areas of cities at or above the county level to monitor the ambient air quality of cities at or above the county level in real time. The eco-environment department also cooperates closely with meteorological departments to establish the Southwest Regional Air Quality Forecast Center, which can realize the forecast of air quality grade in the next 14 days at the provincial level and the forecast of major pollutants concentration in the next 7 days at prefecture-level cities. (Reporter   Tian Chengchen)

In November, CPI rose by 4.5% year-on-year.
Stable price operation and solid foundation

Core reading

In November, CPI rose by 4.5% year-on-year, 0.7 percentage points higher than that of last month. Food is the primary factor affecting this round of price increase. However, excluding the disturbance of the structural rise of some foods, the core CPI in November was 1.4%, which has been in a stable state. This reflects that the macroeconomic operation is relatively stable, the total supply and total demand are basically balanced, and the current price has no basis for an overall upward trend.

According to the national CPI (Consumer Price Index) and PPI (Industrial Producer Ex-factory Price Index) data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on December 10th, the CPI rose by 4.5% year-on-year, with an increase of 0.7 percentage points over the previous month.

Why will the CPI increase continue to expand in November? What do you think of this 4.5%? The expected target of CPI in this year’s "Government Work Report" is "an increase of about 3%", so the increase of CPI in November will not affect the completion of the annual target? With these questions, the reporter interviewed relevant experts.

The structural rise of price operation is still outstanding.

From a year-on-year perspective, CPI rose by 4.5%, an increase of 0.7 percentage points over the previous month. Among them, food prices rose by 19.1%, affecting CPI by about 3.72 percentage points; Non-food prices rose by 1.0%, affecting CPI by about 0.77 percentage points. It can be seen that food is still the primary factor affecting this round of price increases.

Food prices have gone up and down, mainly fruits, while fresh vegetables and meat have gone up. In November, the price of fresh fruit continued to drop by 6.8% year-on-year, and the decline rate was 6.5 percentage points higher than that of the previous month. The price of fresh vegetables decreased from last month to increase by 3.9%; The price of aquatic products rose by 2.4%, down 0.3 percentage points from last month; The price of pork rose by 110.2%, and the prices of beef, mutton, chicken, duck and eggs rose by 11.8%-25.7%.

Among non-food items, the prices of medical care, education, culture, entertainment and clothing rose by 2.0%, 1.7% and 1.1% respectively. Traffic and communication prices fell by 2.8%; Among them, the prices of gasoline and diesel decreased by 10.8% and 11.3% respectively. According to estimates, in the year-on-year increase of 4.5% in November, the impact of price changes last year was about 0, and the impact of new price increases was about 4.5 percentage points.

"At present, the structural rise of CPI is prominent, and the clear source of the rise is caused by pork. The impact of price increases is basically controllable, that is, related foods such as meat with consumption substitution. " Guo Liyan, a researcher at the Institute of Market and Price of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, analyzed that in November, the increase in the price of livestock meat contributed more than 70% to the increase in CPI.

At present, there is no basis for an overall upward trend in prices.

Guo Liyan introduced that year-on-year, excluding the disturbance of structural rise of some foods, the core CPI in November was 1.4%, which has been in a stable operation state.

"This shows that the CPI center is stable, reflecting that the macroeconomic operation is relatively stable, and the total supply and total demand are basically balanced. The main industrial consumer goods, service prices, housing prices and energy prices are basically in a stable or stable trend, and the current prices are not fully upward. basis." Guo Liyan said.

Judging from the recent trend, prices are also in a stable state. Non-food prices rose by 0.2% last month and turned flat. Affected by the changing seasons, clothing prices rose slightly by 0.5% in November. Travel in the off-season decreased, and the prices of air tickets, travel agency fees and hotel accommodation decreased by 11.0%, 4.4% and 3.8% respectively. Food prices rose by 1.8% month-on-month, and the growth rate dropped by 1.8 percentage points, and many of them also fell.

Shen Yun, senior statistician of the Urban Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, analyzed that in November, a large number of fruits such as apples, oranges and pears were listed, and the price of fresh fruits decreased by 3.0% compared with the previous month; The supply of aquatic products is abundant, and the price dropped by 0.5% compared with last month; In winter, the production, storage and transportation costs of fresh vegetables increased, and the price rose by 1.4%; Affected by the peak consumption season and alternative demand, the prices of beef, mutton, chicken and duck increased by 1.3%-4.3%. The tight supply of pork has eased, and the price has increased by 3.8% month-on-month, with the growth rate dropping significantly by 16.3 percentage points.

"From the perspective of consumers’ feelings, the average price of lean meat in 36 large and medium-sized cities has gradually dropped from 34 yuan in early November to below 31 yuan at the end of the month, but the average price in the whole month is still significantly higher than that in October." Guo Liyan analyzed.

It is expected that there will be no problem in achieving the regulatory objectives throughout the year.

Food prices have risen significantly, and the feelings of ordinary people are the most direct. All localities quickly started the linkage mechanism of price subsidies according to national requirements. Since the beginning of this year, 30 provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have distributed a total of 7.85 billion yuan of temporary price subsidies, benefiting 296 million people in need, and greatly alleviating the impact of rising food prices on the basic lives of people in need.

However, some people are worried that the expected target of CPI increase of around 3% this year can still be achieved?

Guo Liyan analyzed that the annual CPI is expected to remain at around 3%.

On the whole, China’s agricultural and industrial production is stable, the market supply is sufficient, and the total supply and total demand remain relatively balanced.

Looking at agriculture, the grain output has reached a new high. In 2019, China’s total grain output was 663.84 million tons, an increase of 5.94 million tons over 2018, a record high. The yield per unit area of cereals, beans and potatoes has all improved. At the same time of increasing grain income, apples, pears and other fruits have also been harvested, and the supply capacity of vegetables has continued to grow. Although the scale of pig slaughter has declined, the output of substitute meat such as chicken has increased significantly year-on-year, and the overall supply of meat protein is stable.

Looking at the industry, the product supply is very sufficient. China has a complete industrial production system, complete industrial categories and strong production capacity. In November, PPI decreased by 1.4% year-on-year, which also proved that the production capacity is sufficient.

"From the perspective of the whole year, considering the economic operation and the direction of macro-control policies, China’s stable price operation has a solid foundation, and there is no basis for overall price increases." Guo Liyan said that China has sufficient policy space, strong domestic market support, confidence, confidence, ability and conditions to ensure the smooth operation of prices. "It is expected that the annual control target of about 3% increase in consumer prices will be successfully achieved throughout the year." (Reporter Lu Yanan)

The COVID-19 epidemic has lasted for more than four years, and Covid-19 is still raging around the world. According to statistics, nearly 7 million people infected with COVID-19 around the world have died of infection. In fact, the main cause of illness deterioration and even death of most patients is not the virus itself, but the excessive inflammatory reaction and inflammatory factor storm caused by Covid-19. However, the specific mechanism of how the virus triggers such a strong inflammatory response in the lungs is still unclear.

Recently, the Chinese research team of the University of Southern California published an important achievement in the journal Nature Cell Biology. Studies have revealed that Covid-19 can trigger a stronger inflammatory response than other RNA viruses. Surprisingly, this inflammatory factor storm is not caused by the rapid replication infection of the virus to lung epithelial cells, but by the "frustration infection" of the virus to a large number of immune cells pouring into the lungs in the later stage, that is, the virus can not complete the replication infection process.

The researchers further revealed the mechanism of Covid-19 infecting immune cells and triggering the storm of inflammatory factors: Toll-like receptor 1(TLR1) on the surface of immune cells recognizes the structural proteins E (envelope glycoprotein) and M (matrix protein) of Covid-19, so that the virus is endocytosed, thus causing "frustration infection". In addition, the binding of Covid-19 envelope glycoprotein E to immune cells TLR1 can directly activate the inflammatory response of immune cells, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory factors, which is the root cause of cytokine storm caused by Covid-19.

Dr. Duan Tianhao, Dr. Xing Changsheng and Dr. Chu Junjun are the co-first authors of this paper, and Professor Wang Rongfu is the correspondent author.

In order to explore the uniqueness of Covid-19’s strong inflammatory response, scientists screened 27 kinds of protein coded by Covid-19. Studies have revealed that Covid-19-encoded protein named NSP14 can directly promote the phosphorylation of IKK, a key kinase complex in the inflammatory signaling pathway, and significantly enhance the inflammatory response.

Interestingly, another Covid-19-encoded protein named ORF6 can inhibit inflammatory reaction and can be anchored to cell membrane. ORF6 significantly inhibits the activation of inflammatory reaction by preventing the nuclear entry of inflammatory transcription factor NF-κ B..

However, NSP14 promotes inflammation and ORF6 inhibits inflammation. What will be the final result of these two actions? Scientists have noticed that there was no obvious inflammatory reaction in the early stage of Covid-19 infection, but the inflammatory reaction increased significantly in the middle and late stage. This suggests that NSP14 and ORF6 may have different expression patterns at different stages of infection, which may lead to clinical observation.

After consulting the data, scientists noticed that there was a large amount of immune cell infiltration in Covid-19’s lungs at the late stage of infection. This leads to a guess: Will these infiltrated immune cells be infected by Covid-19, and then release a large number of inflammatory factors?

To answer these questions, researchers conducted a series of experiments. They used a modified version of Covid-19 labeled with green fluorescence to infect lung epithelial cells and immune cells respectively. The results showed that only lung epithelial cells showed fluorescent signal, indicating that Covid-19 could only replicate when infected with epithelial cells, but could not replicate when infected with immune cells (frustration infection). On the contrary, although a low level of inflammatory reaction activation was detected in lung epithelial cells, a strong inflammatory signal activation was detected in immune cells.

Scientists speculate that the different expression patterns of NSP14 and ORF6 in lung epithelial cells and immune cells may lead to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction in epithelial cells and the activation of inflammatory reaction in immune cells, which may be related to Covid-19’s "frustrated infection" in immune cells.

Traditionally, lung epithelial cells are the main target of infection in Covid-19, because there is a key receptor protein ACE2 on its surface, which can bind to Covid-19 spike protein S and promote the virus to invade cells. Immune cells, on the other hand, are not considered to have ACE2 receptors, so they are usually not considered to be infected by Covid-19.

However, further research shows that Covid-19 can infect immune cells despite the lack of ACE2 receptor, but due to the lack of ACE2, the virus cannot replicate after entering immune cells (frustration infection). What is even more surprising is that this "frustration infection" causes Covid-19 to selectively express NSP14 protein which promotes inflammatory response, but not ORF6 protein which inhibits inflammation, thus aggravating the inflammatory response of immune cells and promoting the generation of inflammatory storm.

Accordingly, scientists describe the complete mechanism of inflammation induced by Covid-19:

In the early stage, Covid-19 mainly infected lung epithelial cells through ACE2 receptor, where the virus quickly replicated and released a large number of virus particles to infect other epithelial cells. Although lung epithelial cells also express a small amount of TLR1 receptor and can be activated by virus, the expression of TLR1 in epithelial cells is much lower than that in immune cells, and the activation level of inflammatory signals is weak. In addition, due to Covid-19’s massive expression of inflammatory inhibitory protein ORF6 in epithelial cells, the inflammatory reaction was effectively inhibited. Therefore, the early stage of Covid-19 infection is mainly characterized by virus replication, accompanied by weak inflammatory reaction, that is, asymptomatic infection period.

In the late stage, the viral load reached the peak, the replication speed decreased, and a large number of immune cells gathered in the lungs. Immune cells recognize and bind the structural proteins E and M of the virus through the highly expressed TLR1 receptor, which triggers the activation of severe inflammatory reaction. At the same time, the virus binding to TLR1 can enter the immune cells through endocytosis. This "frustrated infection" mode prevents the virus from forming a replication and transcription complex RTC to transcribe the subgenomic RNA of the virus. Due to the lack of subgenomic RNA, viral structural proteins and viral accessory proteins including ORF6 cannot be expressed, but the pro-inflammatory protein NSP14 can be directly translated through genomic RNA. Because only NSP14 is expressed without ORF6, the inflammatory reaction is further aggravated, and immune cells release a large number of inflammatory factors, triggering a storm of inflammatory factors.

In addition, scientists have also studied other human coronaviruses of Coronaviridae. They found that SARS-CoV-1 triggered a large number of inflammatory reactions through the same molecular mechanism as SARS-CoV-2, and even the ability of its E protein to induce inflammation in immune cells was higher than that of SARS-CoV-2. This explains why the mortality rate of SARS-CoV-1 was as high as 11% when it broke out 20 years ago, far exceeding the current epidemic of SARS-CoV-2.

In contrast, other mild human coronaviruses, such as OC43, NL63 and 229E, have weak binding ability to TLR1, which also explains that their symptoms are usually mild.

This study reveals in detail the complete molecular mechanism of Covid-19 from its early entry into the human body for replication to its late stage, which leads to severe inflammation and death of patients, and provides important theoretical guidance for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. At the same time, the study also found that the small molecule inhibitor of TLR1 may be a better choice for the treatment of severe COVID-19 infection.

National Health and Wellness Commission, National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention on Printing and Distributing

Disease prevention and control institutions, food safety and

Notice of detailed rules for nutrition and health work

Guowei Food Fa [2024] No.29??

All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, Health and Health Committees of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, CDC, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center:

In order to implement the basic medical and health promotion law, food safety law, infectious disease prevention law and other laws and regulations, implement the food safety strategy, promote the construction of a healthy China, guide local disease prevention and control institutions to fully perform their duties of food safety and nutrition health, and strengthen capacity building, the National Health and Wellness Committee and the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention formulated the Detailed Rules for Food Safety and Nutrition Health of Disease Prevention and Control Institutions. Is issued to you, please implement.

National Health Commission

National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control

August 19, 2024

disease prevention and control institutions

Detailed working rules for food safety and nutrition and health

Chapter I General Principles

the first　In order to standardize the food safety and nutrition health work of disease prevention and control institutions, according to the basic medical and health promotion law, food safety law, infectious disease prevention law and other laws and regulations, the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline, the National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030) and the management regulations of the National Health and Wellness Commission on food safety risk monitoring, risk assessment, food-borne disease monitoring report, standard management and nutrition-related monitoring, etc.

the second　Under the unified leadership, coordination or entrustment of the health administrative department and the disease control administrative department, local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels undertake food safety risk monitoring, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation of food safety accidents, promulgation and revision of standards, national nutrition plan and reasonable diet action, nutrition health monitoring of different groups, nutrition health cohort survey, food composition monitoring, food consumption survey, total diet research, food safety and nutrition risk exchange and popular science education.

Article　Local health administrative departments at all levels shall evaluate and guide the work, and the disease prevention and control institutions at higher levels shall assist the health administrative departments to strengthen the guidance to the disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels and supervise the implementation of the work. The disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels shall complete the food safety and nutrition and health work arranged by the health administrative department and the disease prevention and control institutions at higher levels as required.

Chapter II Work Contents

Article 4　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions should do a good job in food safety and nutrition and health, including:

(a) to undertake the food safety risk monitoring work in this area, to be responsible for the collection, summary, analysis, quality control and management of monitoring data in this area, and to undertake emergency monitoring tasks;

(2) Undertaking or participating in national and local food safety risk assessment;

(three) to undertake the monitoring of food-borne diseases and the epidemiological investigation and sanitary treatment of food safety accidents;

(four) to undertake or participate in the formulation and revision of national and local food safety standards, food safety standards tracking evaluation, publicity training, guidance and answer, and food enterprise standards filing management and other related work;

(five) to carry out food safety and nutrition publicity and education and health promotion activities, as well as business guidance and training on food safety risk monitoring, food-borne disease prevention and control and nutrition and health work in this area;

(six) the implementation of national and provincial nutrition improvement plans and programs, undertake the national nutrition plan and reasonable diet action to promote the implementation of related tasks, and carry out nutrition-related work such as the construction of nutrition policy standard system, the improvement of nutrition work ability, and the evaluation and improvement of nutrition health status;

(VII) Undertaking tasks related to the construction of nutrition monitoring system and information system, undertaking nutrition health assessment, carrying out nutrition health monitoring of different groups of people, cohort survey and food composition monitoring, and organizing special scientific research on nutrition and health foundation such as nutrient requirement research of residents with regional characteristics;

(eight) to carry out total diet research and food consumption survey;

(nine) to undertake other food safety and nutrition health work designated or assigned by the provincial health administrative department and the superior business organization;

(ten) to carry out guidance and training on food safety, nutrition and health related business work of disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels.

Article 5　Prefecture (city) level disease prevention and control institutions shall do a good job in food safety and nutrition and health, including:

(a) to undertake the food safety risk monitoring work in this area, and to be responsible for the collection, summary, analysis and quality control of monitoring data in this area;

(two) to participate in food safety risk assessment related work, to carry out food safety risk judgment;

(three) to carry out food safety and nutrition publicity and education and health promotion activities;

(four) to undertake the monitoring of food-borne diseases and the epidemiological investigation and sanitary treatment of food safety accidents in this area;

(five) to undertake or participate in the formulation and revision of local food safety standards, the filing management of food enterprise standards, the follow-up evaluation of food safety standards, publicity training, guidance and answers and other related work;

(VI) Implementing nutrition improvement plans and programs, implementing national nutrition plans and rational dietary actions, promoting the implementation of related tasks, participating in the formulation, revision and dissemination of nutrition policy standards, promoting the ability of nutrition work, evaluating and improving nutrition health status, building nutrition information systems, building and promoting nutrition health places, and participating in the investigation and disposal of major nutrition-related events;

(seven) to undertake nutrition monitoring and evaluation, to carry out nutrition and health monitoring of different groups, cohort survey and food composition monitoring, and to carry out special scientific research on nutrition and health of residents with regional characteristics;

(eight) to carry out total diet research and food consumption survey;

(nine) to undertake other food safety and nutrition health work assigned by the health administrative department at the prefecture (city) level and the superior business organization;

(ten) to carry out guidance and training on food safety, nutrition and health related business work of disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels.

Article 6　County (District) level disease prevention and control institutions shall do a good job in food safety and nutrition and health, including:

(a) to undertake the task of food safety risk monitoring, and to be responsible for the collection, summary and analysis of monitoring data in this area;

(two) to undertake the monitoring of food-borne diseases and the epidemiological investigation and sanitary treatment of food safety accidents in this area;

(three) to participate in the formulation and revision of local food safety standards, food enterprise standards filing management, food safety standards publicity training, follow-up evaluation, guidance and answer and other related work;

(four) to carry out publicity, education and promotion activities on food safety and nutrition health;

(5) Implementing nutrition improvement plans and programs, implementing national nutrition plans and rational dietary actions, promoting the implementation of related tasks, participating in the promotion of nutrition policy standards, the improvement of nutrition work ability, the evaluation and improvement of nutrition health status, the construction and promotion of nutrition health places, and participating in the investigation and disposal of major nutrition-related events;

(six) to undertake nutrition monitoring and evaluation and health guidance for residents, organize nutrition education and guidance for urban and rural residents, carry out nutrition health monitoring, cohort survey and food composition monitoring for different groups of people, and participate in the special basic investigation of nutrition;

(seven) to participate in the total diet research and food consumption survey;

(eight) to undertake other food safety and nutrition health work assigned by the county (district) level health administrative department and the superior business organization.

Article 7　Disease prevention and control institutions with national reference laboratories for food safety risk monitoring, national laboratories for etiological identification of food-borne diseases and key laboratories for nutrition and health (including iodine reference laboratories) shall undertake corresponding reference, identification, technical guidance and training.

Chapter III Food Pollution and Harmful FactorsMonitoring and risk assessment

Article 8　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, according to the food safety risk monitoring plan and monitoring scheme, complete monitoring work such as sampling, testing, data analysis and verification, data reporting, data verification and risk hidden danger report, and carry out corresponding quality management work. The monitoring data of food pollution and harmful factors shall be audited at different levels and reported step by step. If the monitoring results are analyzed and judged to have potential food safety hazards, the health administrative department at the same level and the superior business organization shall be reported in time.

Article 9　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall assist in the formulation and implementation of the monitoring plan in this area, undertake sample collection and index detection, and be responsible for the collection, collation, analysis and reporting of information; To carry out the technical capacity confirmation and quality management of the food safety risk monitoring laboratory, and submit the annual analysis summary report and quality management summary report of food safety risk monitoring; Responsible for the technical guidance, training and research of food safety risk monitoring in the area, and the promotion of appropriate technologies.

The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) level are responsible for assisting in the formulation and implementation of the monitoring plan in this area; Take charge of sample collection, index detection, data collection, summary, analysis, quality control, prediction and early warning of food pollution and harmful factors monitoring; Responsible for the technical guidance, training and research of food safety risk monitoring in the area, and the promotion of appropriate technologies.

County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions undertake the task of food safety risk monitoring, assist relevant departments to carry out food safety risk monitoring, and mainly undertake the work of sample collection, index detection, data collection, summary, analysis and quality control of food pollution and harmful factors monitoring; Conduct business training for risk monitoring staff.

Article 10　Disease prevention and control institutions undertaking risk monitoring tasks shall timely summarize and analyze food safety monitoring data to support the needs of risk assessment.

Article 11　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions to carry out the following food safety risk assessment and risk judgment related technical support work:

(a) according to the needs of local standards formulation and revision, food safety supervision and risk communication in this area, formulate an assessment plan, report it to the provincial health administrative department and the national competent business organization, carry out food safety risk assessment, and report the risk assessment results to the provincial health administrative department and the national competent business organization in a timely manner;

(2) When analyzing and judging the risk monitoring data, it is found that matters requiring risk assessment need to be carried out, and timely put forward technical opinions to the provincial health administrative department that suggest the country or its jurisdiction to implement risk assessment;

(three) according to the needs of local food safety risk management, with reference to the risk assessment technical guidelines to organize risk judgment;

(four) according to the results of food safety risk assessment of the country or its jurisdiction, combined with the pollution level and dietary characteristics of its jurisdiction, put forward suggestions on food safety risk management;

(five) responsible for the technical guidance, training and appropriate technology promotion of food safety risk assessment in this area;

(six) according to the needs of national and provincial risk assessment, to carry out food consumption survey, total diet research, food toxicology research, etc., to establish the work database in this area.

Article 12　Prefecture (city) level disease prevention and control institutions shall undertake the collection, summary, analysis, prediction and early warning of relevant data and information on risk assessment in their respective jurisdictions; County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions shall assist in collecting data and information related to food safety risk assessment according to the arrangement of superior business institutions.

Article 13　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall undertake the national food safety risk assessment task entrusted by the national competent business institutions, formulate the assessment technical scheme according to the characteristics of the assessment project, complete the risk assessment report within the prescribed time limit, and put forward risk management suggestions.

Chapter IV Food-borne Disease Monitoring Report andEpidemiological investigation of food safety accidents

Article 14　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, jointly with medical institutions, monitor, investigate and report food-borne diseases in their respective jurisdictions.

Article 15　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should establish a food-borne disease monitoring report management system, and determine the departments and personnel responsible for the food-borne disease monitoring report; To be responsible for reviewing, summarizing, analyzing and reporting the monitoring information submitted by medical institutions undertaking food-borne disease monitoring in this area; When food-borne clustering cases that may be related to food production and operation are found, they shall promptly report to the health administrative department at the same level and the superior business institutions (among them, the provincial disease prevention and control institutions report to the National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center).

Article 16　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions should assist in formulating and organizing the implementation of food-borne disease monitoring programs in their respective jurisdictions according to the national food-borne disease monitoring plan, and build a provincial food-borne disease monitoring traceability platform and database; To undertake and guide the laboratory inspection, result review and quality control of molecular typing and drug sensitivity test of bacteria (virus) strains in the jurisdiction; To undertake the identification, verification and reporting of food-borne cluster cases across the jurisdiction; Regularly analyze the basic situation of food-borne diseases in the jurisdiction and draft an annual analysis summary report; To carry out the guidance, training, research and popularization of food-borne disease monitoring and prevention and control technology in the jurisdiction.

Article 17　Prefecture (city) level disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for the implementation of food-borne disease monitoring programs in their respective jurisdictions, undertake the review of bacterial (virus) strains submitted by county (district) level disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions, and carry out laboratory tests and analysis such as molecular typing and drug sensitivity testing; To undertake the identification, verification and reporting of food-borne cluster cases across counties (districts) in the jurisdiction; Carry out technical guidance, training and promotion of food-borne disease prevention and control technology to disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions at the county (district) level in the jurisdiction.

Article 18　County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions shall be responsible for the implementation of food-borne disease monitoring programs in their respective jurisdictions, and undertake the collection, submission and specimen inspection of isolated bacteria (virus) strains in medical institutions in their respective jurisdictions; To undertake the identification, verification and reporting of food-borne clustering cases in the jurisdiction; Provide technical guidance and training to medical institutions in the jurisdiction.

Article 19　The principle of territorial management and graded responsibility shall be implemented in the monitoring and reporting of food-borne diseases. Food-borne disease monitoring information, laboratory test data and investigation reports shall be reviewed and reported at different levels as required.

Article 20　When information related to food safety is found in handling infectious diseases or other public health emergencies, food-borne diseases or food safety risk information shall be reported to the health administrative department at the same level and the superior business institutions in a timely manner.

Article 21　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant provisions, and in accordance with the requirements of the health administrative department at the same level, organize on-site health treatment and epidemiological investigation of food safety accidents, as well as training, drills, evaluation and research on the above work. Where the relevant food safety supervision and management departments need to cooperate in controlling the site and preserving samples, the disease prevention and control institutions shall report to the health administrative department at the same level for coordination.

Article 22　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, after the epidemiological investigation of food safety accidents is completed, submit an epidemiological investigation report to the food supervision and administration department and the health administrative department at the same level. If it is an outbreak of food-borne diseases, it shall report the epidemiological investigation information through the national food-borne disease outbreak monitoring system within 7 working days after the end of the investigation. To meet the requirements of public health emergencies related information reporting, according to the provisions of the disease prevention and control information system for network direct reporting.

Chapter V Technical Management of Food Safety Standards

Article 23　In accordance with the provisions of the "Three Decisions", local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels that have corresponding responsibilities or are entrusted by the health administrative department, in combination with the actual work of local disease prevention and control institutions, carry out technical management of local food safety standards, filing management of food enterprise standards, follow-up evaluation of food safety standards, training and guidance on food safety standards, and other related work.

Provincial disease prevention and control institutions undertake the technical management of local food safety standards, the filing management of food enterprise standards, the follow-up evaluation of food safety standards, the training and guidance of food safety standards, and undertake other tasks related to food safety standards assigned by provincial health administrative departments and superior business institutions.

The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) level shall undertake or participate in the formulation and revision of local food safety standards, the filing management of food enterprise standards, the follow-up evaluation of food safety standards, the training and guidance of food safety standards, and undertake other tasks related to food safety standards assigned by the health administrative department at the prefecture (city) level and the superior business institutions.

County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions participate in the formulation and revision of local food safety standards, the filing management of food enterprise standards, the follow-up evaluation of food safety standards, the training and guidance of food safety standards, and undertake other tasks related to food safety standards assigned by county (district) level health administrative departments and superior business institutions.

Article 24　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions participate in the formulation of local standards for food safety; Organize the implementation of local food safety standards project, public consultation, review, approval, filing and other technical management work; Timely release information on local food safety standards. To undertake the daily management responsibilities of the secretariat or secretariat office of the expert committee for the evaluation of local food safety standards, improve the management system, standardize the work flow, and organize the evaluation of local food safety standards. Disease prevention and control institutions at prefecture (city) and county (district) levels participate in soliciting opinions on local food safety standards, consulting on standards and other related work.

Article 25　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions, under the management of the health administrative department at the same level, participate in the formulation of the food enterprise standard filing management system and clarify the filing process and other requirements; Establish a filing information disclosure mechanism, and timely publish the filed standard information on relevant platforms for social supervision; Strengthen the standard technical service of food enterprises, and carry out filing consultation and post-filing management. The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) and county (district) levels shall undertake or assist the provincial level to carry out the filing work of food enterprise standards and provide filing consulting services according to the needs of the work.

Article 26　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall organize the follow-up evaluation of national and local standards for food safety, draw up a work plan or plan for the follow-up evaluation of national and local standards for food safety in their respective jurisdictions according to the work plan for the follow-up evaluation of national standards for food safety, and report it to the health administrative department at the same level for approval and organize its implementation. Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, in accordance with the requirements of the national and provincial food safety standards follow-up evaluation work plan or plan, organize the follow-up evaluation of food safety standards and complete various follow-up evaluation tasks. Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should strengthen coordination, combine the task of tracking and evaluating food safety standards with the implementation of food safety risk monitoring programs in their respective jurisdictions, reflect the implementation of standards through monitoring data, and provide scientific basis for timely revision of food safety standards. Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall timely grasp the implementation of food safety standards, scientifically analyze the problems existing in the implementation of food safety standards, put forward opinions and suggestions to solve the problems, and report the follow-up evaluation work to the health administrative department at the same level and the superior business institutions.

Article 27　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions undertake or participate in the formulation of food safety standards publicity and training work plan, strengthen the information construction of food safety standards, and provide services such as food safety standards inquiry, publicity and exchange. The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) and county (district) levels shall, according to the work requirements of the health administrative department at the same level and the publicity and training work plan of the superior business organization, formulate the implementation plan for the publicity and training of food safety standards at the same level and carry out related work.

Chapter VI National Nutrition PlanAnd reasonable diet action.

Article 28　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, under the leadership of the health administrative department at the same level, undertake the relevant tasks of promoting the implementation of the national nutrition plan and reasonable dietary action in their respective areas.

Article 29　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for promoting the implementation of the national nutrition plan and reasonable dietary action in their respective jurisdictions, strengthening the construction of nutrition and health standard system, improving nutrition work ability, evaluating and improving nutrition and health status, and carrying out related work such as the construction of nutrition and health information system, the construction and promotion of nutrition and health places, the guidance of nutrition and health work, the quality control of nutrition instructor training and the investigation and handling of major nutrition-related events.

Article 30　The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) level are responsible for promoting the implementation of the national nutrition plan and reasonable diet action in their respective areas, strengthening the improvement of nutrition work ability, the evaluation and improvement of nutrition and health status, and carrying out related work such as the construction of nutrition and health information system, the construction and promotion of nutrition and health places, the guidance and consultation of nutrition and health work, and the investigation and handling of major nutrition-related events.

Article 31　County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for promoting the implementation of the national nutrition plan and reasonable diet action in their respective jurisdictions, strengthening the improvement of nutrition work ability, evaluation and improvement of nutrition and health status, and carrying out related work such as the construction of nutrition and health places, guidance and consultation on nutrition and health work, and investigation and handling of major nutrition-related events.

Chapter VII Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Article 32　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall carry out their work according to the requirements of the project work plan for nutrition and health monitoring, cohort survey and food composition monitoring of different populations organized by the relevant competent departments of the National Health and Wellness Commission, and strictly implement quality control. Use the information platform to complete data collection, reporting and analysis in time, and regularly submit work reports to the health administrative department at the same level.

Article 33　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall formulate implementation plans and work requirements for nutrition and health monitoring, cohort investigation and food composition monitoring of different populations in their respective jurisdictions, be responsible for personnel training, organization and implementation, evaluation and quality control, and complete corresponding tasks. Participate in or undertake basic scientific research and appropriate technology promotion of nutrition health monitoring and evaluation.

Article 34　Prefecture (city) level disease prevention and control institutions to implement the on-site investigation, technical guidance, quality control and on-site staff training of residents’ nutritional health monitoring and evaluation in this area, and review and analyze the data; Implement the monitoring of food ingredients in the jurisdiction, and participate in the investigation of food resources, the collection of monitoring samples and the laboratory tests undertaken; Participate in basic scientific research on nutrition health monitoring and evaluation and the promotion of appropriate technologies.

Article 35　County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions shall set up working groups for nutritional health assessment of different groups of people, train investigators, cooperate with relevant departments to implement on-site investigation of nutritional health monitoring and assessment of residents in their respective jurisdictions, organize laboratory testing, strictly implement quality control, and implement food resource investigation, sample collection and index monitoring within their respective jurisdictions. Use information platform to input and report data in time, feedback survey results in time, and standardize the management of original monitoring and evaluation data.

Article 36　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should regularly form reports on the monitoring and evaluation of nutrition and health of residents in different regions and the monitoring of food composition, analyze and evaluate the nutrition and health status and food composition characteristics of residents in their jurisdictions, submit them to the health administrative department at the same level and relevant government departments, and submit them to the superior business institutions.

Article 37　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall undertake the national nutrition and health assessment task entrusted by the national competent business institutions, formulate the assessment technical scheme according to the characteristics of the assessment project, organize and carry out the research on the dietary nutrient requirements of residents with regional characteristics, provide technical support for scientific assessment, complete the monitoring and evaluation report within the prescribed time limit, and put forward suggestions on nutrition and health management.

Chapter VIII Food Safety and Nutrition and HealthScience popularization and health promotion work

Article 38　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should carry out the popularization and dissemination of standard knowledge and food-borne disease prevention and control knowledge, the communication of food safety risk assessment results, risk exchange and nutrition and health-related popular science propaganda work in accordance with the technical guidelines for food safety risk communication of the National Health and Wellness Commission and the requirements for food safety and nutrition and health publicity.

Article 39　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall be responsible for formulating provincial food safety and nutrition science popularization and health promotion work plans or programs and organizing their implementation; Carry out popular science education and dietary guidance on food safety and nutrition health, and set up a popular science education team at the same level; To be responsible for the formulation, organization and implementation of the provincial plan for the investigation of residents’ awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge, and to carry out training, data collation and reporting; Construct the communication system of food safety and nutrition risk in this area, set up and train professional talents, and do a good job in communication and training.

Prefecture (city) level disease prevention and control institutions shall be responsible for formulating municipal food safety and nutrition science education and health promotion work plans or programs and organizing their implementation; Carry out popular science education on food safety and nutrition and health, and set up a popular science education team at the same level; Responsible for the formulation, organization and implementation of the municipal plan for the investigation of residents’ nutrition and health knowledge, and carry out training, data collation and reporting.

County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions shall, in accordance with the work plan of food safety and nutrition science education and health promotion, carry out food safety and nutrition health science education and set up a science education team at the same level; To investigate the awareness rate of residents’ nutrition and health knowledge.

Article 40　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should pay attention to food safety and nutrition public opinion, collect information related to food safety and nutrition, analyze and judge, and report to the health administrative department at the same level in time and put forward opinions and suggestions.

Chapter IX Laboratory Capacity Building and Management

Article 41　In accordance with the relevant national laws and regulations, local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels set up professional laboratories matching their inspection functions, equipped with necessary personnel and equipment to ensure operating conditions, and provide technical support for food safety and nutrition health work within their respective jurisdictions and timely response to major food safety and nutrition accidents.

Article 42　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions are equipped according to local actual conditions and regional characteristics, and have the inspection ability of corresponding food physical and chemical, radiation, microorganism and certain toxicological indicators specified in the national food safety risk monitoring plan and food safety standards; It has a high level of inspection ability related to the epidemiological investigation of food-borne diseases, and can investigate, identify and trace the causes of unexplained food-borne diseases; It can provide technical guidance for lower-level disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions in this area.

Article 43　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall organize and carry out the comparison of inspection technical capabilities of food safety-related technical institutions in their respective jurisdictions. Should have the ability of laboratory testing related to nutrition and health monitoring and evaluation of human biochemical indicators and physical and chemical indicators of food components.

Article 44　The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) level shall have the ability to test the physical, chemical and microbial indexes of common foods specified in the national food safety risk monitoring plan and food safety standards; Should have nutrition and health monitoring and evaluation of common human biochemical indicators and physical and chemical indicators of food ingredients related laboratory testing capabilities; It has the general inspection ability related to the epidemiological investigation of food-borne diseases, and can screen and identify the causes of outbreaks of important food-borne diseases, and conduct drug resistance detection and molecular typing of food-borne pathogens; It can provide technical guidance for county (district) level disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions in this area.

Article 45　County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions should have the ability to solve the physical and chemical and microbial problems of common foods in the region; Being able to test the routine indicators specified in the national food safety risk monitoring plan; It has the basic inspection ability of food-borne disease epidemiological investigation, can collect samples and screen the causes of food-borne disease outbreaks, and can inspect and identify common food-borne pathogens; Can provide technical guidance for medical institutions in this area.

Article 46　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall establish their own food safety and quality management system and ensure its effective operation, and participate in the quality control assessment and comparison organized by superior business institutions as required. The superior business institutions regularly carry out technical training and result verification, quality control assessment, technical supervision and other quality evaluation work for the subordinate institutions. Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should establish and improve the biosafety management system of their pathogenic microorganism laboratories, regularly check the implementation of the biosafety management system of laboratories, strengthen personnel training, and ensure the biosafety of laboratories. Newly-built laboratories, if there are pathogenic microorganism projects, shall be approved or put on record according to law.

Article 47　The national reference laboratory for food safety risk monitoring, the national laboratory for etiological identification of food-borne diseases and the iodine reference laboratory shall carry out inspection method development and technical training activities; Develop quality control products; Regularly organize the comparison of quality control assessment and result verification; Organize technical supervision and work quality evaluation of institutions undertaking tasks in related fields.

Chapter X Safeguard Measures

Article 48　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, according to their responsibilities, tasks, geographical location, serving population and other factors, rationally allocate corresponding professional and management personnel, and equip them with instruments and equipment suitable for their work functions. Local health administrative departments at all levels should provide support and guarantee for disease prevention and control institutions to carry out food safety and nutrition and health work, ensure that local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels perform their duties smoothly, and ensure the smooth development of food safety and nutrition and health work.

Article 49　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall set up an expert group composed of professionals related to food safety and nutrition and health, such as nutrition and food hygiene, epidemiology, food inspection, radiation hygiene, health education, toxicology, etc., to undertake professional training, business guidance, social consultation, publicity and education, etc. Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, according to the needs of work, formulate plans for personnel training and team building of food safety and nutrition health, strengthen education and training, and continuously improve the political quality and professional level of food safety and nutrition health staff.

Article 50　Epidemiological investigators of food safety accidents are responsible for carrying out epidemiological investigations of food-borne diseases, and can enter relevant edible agricultural products cultivation and breeding places, food production and business premises and collective feeding and dining units to collect samples and collect relevant data according to law.

Article 51　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, under the organization and coordination of the health administrative department at the same level, establish a smooth and effective linkage mechanism between food safety and nutrition and health with all relevant units, and hold regular work consultations.

Article 52　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall establish and improve the evaluation system of food safety and nutrition health, and organize the investigation of food safety and nutrition health in a timely manner.

Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

Article 53　The provincial health administrative department may, according to the actual work, formulate and implement the specific provisions of these rules in conjunction with the disease control administrative department.

Article 54　These rules shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

Schedule: 1. Suggested list of laboratory instruments and equipment.

　　　2. Suggested list of on-site equipment for nutrition investigation

(The above schedule is omitted, please visit the website of the National Health and Wellness Commission for details.)

　　Recently, according to the China Youth Daily, "Ginger Soaks Foot" and "Drinking Tea for Beauty" … … With the increasing pressure of life, not only the post-90s generation who entered the workplace, but also many college students have begun to try various methods of health preservation. Health preservation is no longer the exclusive word of the elderly or middle-aged people, and the young campus groups represented by college students are constantly adjusting their lifestyles and advocating a healthier life and rest. Why are this wave of college students "trapped in health care" and "selling the old"? Many college students said that this is a way of "self-mockery" to fight anxiety and pressure.

　　In many people’s cognition, college students are relaxed and chic, and can have fun relatively freely. But in fact, many college students are very bitter and tired now. It is not unusual to do homework, research and activities in class until early morning or even later.

　　Under such a realistic background, it is not difficult to understand that many college students are "trapped in health preservation". Recently, a "2018 Life Consumption Trend Report" shows that based on the search volume of "Lycium barbarum" on the e-commerce platform of all ages, the proportion of search volume after 1995 increased significantly in September 2017. Honey, Lycium barbarum, whey protein, health tea and enzymes are the health foods that are keen on after 1995.

　　When I was in college, I was also a "busy maniac". I was really working hard. My meals and sleep were irregular, and I also had a tendency to overeat. At that time, I thought I was still young, so I indulged myself too much and was indifferent to some early warning signals of my body. But now, nearly a year after graduation, all kinds of physical and mental discomforts have emerged, and I realize that "karma" has come and I want to "pay my debts". Therefore, now I will also force myself to keep fit, such as drinking more hot water, going to massage, eating more healthy food and running to and from work.

　　The meaning of life is not temporary, but long-term. To quote a very fashionable online buzzword recently, "People who work too hard can’t run far". Who doesn’t want to "run away" on the road of life? So, please do it and cherish it.

　　Of course, it is not enough to rely solely on the self-awakening of young people, but also to exert efforts at the social level. To put it bluntly, in addition to focusing on the "burden reduction" of primary and secondary school students, the social level should also focus on the "burden reduction" of young people represented by college students. There is no denying that the latter should be under pressure and responsible, and strive hard to realize their own value and social value, but all this should not be at the expense of health. It should be a social consensus that only a good body and a healthy lifestyle can create more shocking values.

　　Mocheng

　　On January 17th and 19th, two patients in Xinjiang died after taking Tangzhining Capsule (batch number "081101") labeled "Guangxi Pingnan Pharmaceutical Factory". After investigation, the "Tangzhining Capsule" that caused the patient’s death was a counterfeit drug, and the chemical component "glibenclamide" was illegally added. According to industry analysts, patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are huge, which has become a "gold mine" for many black-hearted drug dealers to make money. Some products advertised as pure Chinese medicine have illegally mixed western medicine ingredients, or added pharmaceutical ingredients to health foods, which is harmful to patients’ health. This has also become a focus of supervision by law enforcement departments in various places, including Guangdong Province.

　　Three chemical components are often illegally added.

　　According to reports, although the current medical level has made rapid progress, there is no major breakthrough in some difficult diseases, such as diabetes, chronic hepatitis, malignant tumors, etc., and neither traditional Chinese medicine nor western medicine can achieve a complete cure. Wei Hua, deputy director of the Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that as far as Chinese medicine is concerned, its composition is complex and its effect is mild and slow, while western medicine has continuously developed some chemical drugs which are more effective, but its side effects are relatively large. In this regard, some lawless people, taking advantage of the psychological trust of patients in traditional Chinese medicine, promote so-called pure Chinese medicine and health food, and secretly add western medicine chemical components to them, so that patients feel obvious curative effect after taking it, thus increasing sales. For example, the "Tangzhining Capsule" that went wrong this time is under the banner of Chinese patent medicine.

　　Wei Hua said that in addition to the glibenclamide added in the "Tangzhining Capsule" that went wrong this time, gliclazide and glipizide are the most commonly added hypoglycemic western medicine ingredients in those illegal products. According to the relevant regulations, chemical substances are not allowed to be added to traditional Chinese medicine. "Glibenclamide" has a strong hypoglycemic effect, and its pharmacological function is to promote insulin secretion and improve human insulin deficiency through metabolism after entering the blood. However, serious overdose may cause shock and even death.

　　It is understood that the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute for Drug Inspection found that the drugs taken by the deceased during his lifetime contained about 10.33 mg of "glibenclamide" per pill. "Glibenclamide" is a second-generation sulfonylurea, which has a strong hypoglycemic effect, but adults should not take more than l5 mg per day, otherwise it will endanger the life safety of users. According to the instructions of the seized drugs, the normal dosage is 9 capsules per day, which has exceeded the maximum daily dosage by 6 times.

　　You can’t add western medicine to Chinese medicine at random.

　　A person in charge of a pharmaceutical factory told reporters that the incident was not accidental, and illegal drugs, health foods, western medicines and illegal propaganda occurred from time to time. According to National Medical Products Administration, they found that it is not uncommon to add sildenafil, a component of Viagra, to the "pure Chinese medicine" for treating male sexual dysfunction, and to add thyroid hormone to diet food, which can cause hyperthyroidism, so that patients who don’t know the truth suffer from side effects of drugs for no reason. This exposes a problem: most Chinese people believe that "natural drugs" have the advantages of low toxicity and side effects, and it is inevitable that they are not alert to side effects such as dependence.

　　Wang Dahong, Secretary-General of the Market Working Committee of China Health Food Association, said that illegal addition of western medicine ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine or chemical ingredients in health food will do great harm to patients and should not be added indiscriminately. Doctors and patients use mixed Chinese and western medicines without knowing it, which can easily lead to repeated adverse drug reactions. For example, if diabetic patients don’t know that the Chinese patent medicine for lowering blood sugar is added with glibenclamide, they mistakenly think it is a "Chinese medicine with no toxic and side effects" and take it in excess, or take the western medicine for lowering blood sugar at the same time for "integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment", which will lead to overdose of hypoglycemic drugs and hypoglycemia, and even lead to blood sugar fluctuation of patients if they stop taking the medicine suddenly. Therefore, Wang Dahong said that the timely discovery and investigation of the problem "Tangzhining Capsule" has eliminated another safety hazard that harms consumers’ health, and the industry has been further eliminated.

　　Illegal addition has four characteristics.

　　Most Chinese patent medicines or health foods illegally added with western medicine ingredients have the following characteristics: First, they claim that they can cure or greatly improve certain diseases in a short period of time, and their efficacy is remarkable. Second, most drugs are sold through online advertisements, mail advertisements or health knowledge lectures. Third, most drugs or health care products are covered with legal coats. Some products are pure Chinese medicine ingredients when applying for batch number, but western medicine ingredients are added during production. Fourth, the means of addition is very secret. Knowing that the routine drug testing only examines the internal substances of drugs, criminals add western medicine ingredients to the external carriers of drugs such as capsule shell. Finally, it is suggested that consumers can check the authenticity of drugs through the official website of the State Food and Drug Administration.

　　-Medical files

　　glibenclamide

　　Glibenclamide, alias glibenclamide, Daanning, etc., is a prescription drug and must be taken under the guidance of a doctor. It is an islet hormone and a drug that affect blood sugar, and can be used to treat mild and moderate non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with unsatisfactory therapeutic effect only by diet control, but the patient’s islet β cells need to have certain insulin secretion function without serious complications, such as diarrhea, nausea, headache, stomachache, liver function damage, thrombocytopenia and other adverse symptoms. If you take glibenclamide in large quantities for a long time, it will eventually lead to hypoglycemia, nephropathy and even death.

　　-Related links

　　Which drugs illegally add glibenclamide?

　　According to experts, in the drug treatment of diabetes, except insulin, most of them are oral drugs. Oral hypoglycemic drugs are usually divided into three categories: western medicine hypoglycemic drugs, pure Chinese medicine hypoglycemic drugs and Chinese and Western medicine hypoglycemic drugs. Generally, pure Chinese medicine has weak hypoglycemic effect, slow onset and high safety. Western medicine hypoglycemic agents take effect quickly and have great toxic and side effects. The combination of Chinese and western hypoglycemic agents is based on the pure traditional Chinese medicine hypoglycemic agents, and incorporates the ingredients of western medicine hypoglycemic agents, which not only has the advantages of rapid hypoglycemic effect of western medicine, but also has the advantages of high safety of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the person in charge of the provincial drug evaluation center, at present, only three kinds of oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as Yikai Xiaoke Pill, are officially registered in China. It is not the first time to illegally add glibenclamide. In 2005, the Ministry of Health investigated and dealt with two cases-

　　○ On June 15th, 2005, the Ministry of Health issued a notice, requiring all localities to investigate and deal with some batch numbers of "Ku Le Kang Capsule" produced by Liaoning Healthy Weiye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.. The Ministry of Health pointed out that when the relevant departments of Jilin Province supervised and inspected the health food "Ku Le Kang" capsules (approval number: Wei Shi Jian Zi [2002] No.0588) produced by Liaoning Health Weiye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., they found that the products marked with certain batch numbers contained chemical drugs. The capsule shells of samples with batch numbers of 20041201 (not for sale), 20040902 and 20041201 contain the chemical drug glibenclamide, and the capsule contents with batch number of 20050401 contain the chemical drug gliclazide.

　　○ On October 9, 2005, Jiangxi Food and Drug Administration announced that the law enforcement officers of Nanchang Food and Drug Administration had tested the drug "Tangbikang Jiangtangning Capsule" labeled as batch number 20050403082 produced by Jilin Shenhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: glibenclamide was illegally added to this Chinese patent medicine. (Reporter Roger Lee)

Editor: Liu Li

The 55th Golden Horse Poster

1905 movie network news Today, the main visual poster of the 55th Golden Horse Award was released, which once again firmly attracted the attention. This poster with blue and gold as the main color looks like staring at the sleeping sand dunes in the middle of the night from a distance. If you look closely, you will find that it is four faces lined up in turn. This poster was designed by Fang Xuzhong, the poster designer and visual director of the ceremony last year. It extends the concept of "everyone plays a supporting role in the film" and draws the facial contours of Ang Lee (Chairman of the Executive Committee of Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival), Hou Xiaoxian (Dean of Golden Horse Film Academy), Gong Li (Chairman of the Golden Horse Award Jury) and Xiao Ye (Judge of Golden Horse Venture Capital Conference) into dune shapes. The picture made up of tiny particles of light and shadow also seems to imply the ambiguous connection between retaining the instantaneous image with light and shadow and the passing time.

　

The main visual posters of the Golden Horse Awards pay attention to convey the understanding of Chinese movies with rich imagination and bold creativity, which has always been a highlight of the Golden Horse Awards. In recent years, almost all the main visual posters have paid tribute to Taiwan Province’s old films and filmmakers.

　

In 2017, the main visual posters of the 54th Golden Horse Awards were the "Shadow Idiot Edition" and "Fan Edition" posters with the stills of "Spring Breeze" as the main elements. The two posters project the pictures from the stills onto various screens to convey the real and illusory feeling brought by the film, which is similar to the 53rd brighter summer day designed by Huang Hai, in which the junior four illuminates the night sky with a flashlight to show that "the light of the film never goes out".

　"Shadow Idiot Edition" (54th edition) by square sequence

"Fan Edition" (54th session)

The 53rd Tribute to Guling Street by Yellow Sea

Even more amazing is the 50th Golden Horse, a Maggie Cheung-themed poster designed by Taiwan Province graphic designer Nie Yongzhen (who designed album covers for Jay Chou, Yoga Lin and others). The image of Maggie Cheung is partially cut to show different areas of the face, which means that the film is like a slice of time, so it can’t really keep time, so it can only intercept fragments.

　The 50th Maggie Cheung by Nie Yongzhen

In addition, it is worth noting that cartoonist Jimmy has designed the main visual poster for the Golden Horse Award twice. At the 39th Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival, he gathered his characters in the cinema and opened a small door under it. It not only means that the film blurs the boundary between reality and illusion, but also outlines the pleasant atmosphere of watching movies.

How many meters is the 39th by?

Another time was the 49th Golden Horse Award 10 years later. He created in oil painting for the first time in public and handed in three design drawings at one time. Two of them are a pair of dressed-up "hot horses and handsome horses", and the final picture is the picture of a little boy and a horse flying on the sea. According to Jimmy himself, this means "the pursuit of light and shadow".

　How many meters is the 49th by?

Next, please enjoy the main visual poster of the Golden Horse Award from 2008 to this decade — —

The 45th Session (2008), which rejected complexity and chose simple color blocks.

The 45th by Nie Yongzhen

　 　 　 　 　A camera head who is always running, 46th (2009)

The 46th by Wang Zhihong

　 　 　 　 　 Seconds of Glass Breaking, 47th (2010)

The 47th by Wang Zhihong

　 　 　 　Inspired by Hou Hsiao-hsien, the 48th session (2011) is based on the essential old camera which may be closer to gaze.

The 48th by Lin Xiaoyi (cover designer of Kawabata Yasunari series)

　 　 　 The Pursuit of Light and Shadow, 49th (2012)

The 51st by Xiao Qingyang (album cover artist)

　 　 　 　Chivalrous women with stick figures, hidden in gilded lines, 52nd (2015).

The 52nd, by Zhang Shuping.

　 　 　 　　"The Light of Movies: Looking Back, Illuminating Forward", 53rd (2016)

The 53rd Tribute to Guling Street by Yellow Sea

　 　 　 　To pay tribute to the 20th anniversary of the publication of "Spring Break", selected by Wong Kar-wai himself, the 54th (2017).

The 54th session　By square order

　 　 　 　 The 2018 Golden Horse Film Festival will be held from November 8 to 25.

　

Citizens are buying TV sets (photo by reporter Gao Qian)

The public is buying a refrigerator (photo by reporter Gao Qian)

　　Editor’s Note: A few days ago, the Provincial Department of Commerce and other 19 departments jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for Promoting Trade-in of Consumer Goods in Henan Province", which will focus on the implementation of three major projects: trade-in of automobiles, trade-in of household appliances and "rejuvenation" of home improvement and kitchen and bathroom. As soon as this news came out, it was widely concerned by consumers. What are consumers’ expectations and concerns? What is the situation of the consumer market? The reporter interviewed this.

　　New kinetic energy-

　　Find a "home" for waste materials

　　In life, many people have seen such a scene in residential areas: old toilets, old furniture, waste household appliances, etc. are abandoned beside the trash can, waiting for someone to take them away. What should I do with these big household items? Is there a smooth recycling channel? Yesterday, the reporter started an interview.

　　The netizen had the experience of handling large household items. He told reporters that his old house needed to be renovated and he wanted to get rid of some old things. But because of the high floor and no elevator, things were bulky and heavy, and many masters who collected waste products were unwilling to pick them up. Selling these things not only won’t get money, but also requires paying a "disposal fee". "In the end, I had to bundle things that can still be used at home and can be sold with these items, and some people reluctantly agreed to clear them." This netizen is emotional.

　　With the continuous improvement of living standards, citizens’ demand for integrated upgrading of large household items is constantly increasing, and where to go for the eliminated large household items has become a difficult problem. "The public area in the hospital is limited. If these large items are discarded in the hospital, it will not only occupy the road, but also increase the burden on sanitation workers. I feel guilty in my heart, and I am afraid of causing conflicts in my neighborhood. I really hope that the relevant departments can provide a’ home’ for the eliminated household items. " The netizen said "the flag is victorious". "The electronic components in some household appliances will release harmful substances after aging and expiration, causing invisible harm to the human body." Ms. Shi, who is engaged in the environmental protection industry, said that she had done market research, and many residents did have the demand for recycling large household items.

　　The reporter learned that due to the lack of convenient recycling points, these eliminated large household items were either discarded at will or dismantled by some illegal dismantling points. An old man who walks the streets to recycle old household appliances told reporters that these old things are worthless, and washing machines, old computers, etc. are tens of dollars regardless of good or bad. Dealing with these things takes up space and time, and he takes them back and sells them in parts.

　　Previously, the relevant ministries and commissions of the state jointly issued the Notice on Encouraging Household Appliance Manufacturers to Carry out the Action of Responsibility System for Recycling Targets, and put forward a series of policies to encourage household appliance manufacturers to implement recycling. Nowadays, many home appliance manufacturers are carrying out "trade-in" activities, and some enterprises can even provide disassembly services for free.

　　For a long time, the recycling level of large household items is low, the management is not standardized, and the necessary recycling facilities are lacking. The "last mile" of recycling has never been opened. Recently, the Henan Provincial Department of Commerce and other 19 departments jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for Promoting Trade-in of Consumer Goods in Henan Province", which mentioned that the recycling network of household appliances should be upgraded, and the construction of recycling outlets, sorting centers, dismantling facilities and other projects should be supported to improve the efficiency of recycling, transit and distribution. The staff of an environmental protection enterprise in our city told the reporter that they have paid attention to this problem and are considering establishing a recycling channel and management system with some qualified enterprises to realize the reduction, harmlessness and resource disposal of large household items.

　　Automobile energy conversion-

　　Double subsidies are more favorable.

　　Automobile consumption is an important part of household consumption. At present, the automobile trade-in project has begun. What is the trend of the consumer market? What new weather has it presented? On May 11th, the reporter went to the automobile market in northern Henan for an interview.

　　There are used car trading places in the market, and more are new car sales stores. In a new car sales store at the entrance of the market, different styles of cars are parked. Duan Wenbin, the manager of the automobile sales and marketing department, is sorting out the automobile sales information. He said: "The new round of automobile trade-in has begun, which will definitely drive the automobile market consumption. We have prepared enough sources to meet the diversified needs of consumers as much as possible."

　　On May 7, the "Implementation Plan for Promoting Trade-in of Consumer Goods in Henan Province" jointly issued by the Provincial Department of Commerce and other 19 departments mentioned that from May 7 to the end of this year, individual consumers will be scrapped with fuel vehicles or new energy passenger vehicles with national emission standards of Grade III and below, and they will be subsidized by 10,000 yuan for purchasing new energy passenger vehicles; For individual consumers, the fuel vehicles with national emission standards of Grade III and below will be scrapped, and the fuel passenger cars with a displacement of less than 2.0 will be subsidized by 7,000 yuan. At the same time, cities and counties are encouraged to give subsidies to consumers who replace old cars with new ones, and the provincial finance will give appropriate awards; Encourage automobile production enterprises and sales enterprises to independently carry out second-hand car replacement subsidies and superimposed preferential profit-making activities.

　　"In fact, we have always had replacement subsidies for car buyers. Old cars are exchanged for new ones, cars of the same brand are subsidized by 5,000 yuan, and subsidies of different brands are 3,000 yuan. Consumers can enjoy subsidies as long as they provide transaction tickets." Duan Wenbin said that now, government departments also have subsidies, coupled with corporate concessions, consumers can save a lot by exchanging old ones for new ones.

　　What style of car is more popular with consumers? Duan Wenbin pointed to a small new energy passenger car and said, "It must be a new energy passenger car, especially this small one, which saves energy and is convenient to park in the urban area." Yan Dong, a staff member of an automobile sales department who specializes in selling new energy passenger cars, also told reporters: "It is precisely because of the good market prospects of new energy passenger cars that the manufacturers we sell cars changed from fuel vehicle production to new energy passenger car production last year. Moreover, adding intelligent technology and intelligent management, such as autonomous driving technology, to new energy passenger cars is very popular among young consumers. "

　　Cui Zhifeng, a consumer who has transferred to several car stores, is a "post-00" and is preparing to change to a new car. He said: "New energy vehicles are the first choice. I prefer to be intelligent and have a better driving experience. Let’s take a look around today and exchange our old car for a new one in a couple of days. "

　　How to apply for car trade-in subsidy? The reporter learned that consumers can enter the application through the website of the "National Automobile Circulation Information Management" system or the "Car Trade-in" applet.

　　Replacement of home appliances-

　　Merchants let the market get hot.

　　"Trade-in" is not a new term for the home appliance market. The difference is that more businesses have joined the trade-in activities this year. On May 11th, the reporter visited some appliance stores in our city.

　　The reporter saw that many merchants have advertised "trade-in", and almost all the home appliances in the store have billboards. In the corridors and aisles, the slogan of "trade-in" can be seen everywhere. A staff member told the reporter: "Many commodities can be’ trade-in’. This year, there are more commodities participating in the activities and the publicity is stronger. Generally speaking,’ trade-in’ can be deducted from 200 yuan to 300 yuan, and you can participate in activities regardless of the brand or quality. Some merchants don’t even take away the old machines, and then make profits for consumers. "

　　The reporter found that in addition to trade-in, merchants also launched other promotional activities, and some brands launched "group purchase coupons" benefits. After consumers receive coupons online, they can also purchase new products by superimposing in-store promotional activities; Some brands offer services such as "10-year warranty" and free cleaning; Some products focus on intelligence, and users can control them remotely by connecting their mobile phones. Nowadays, intelligent household appliances such as "washing machine+dryer", dishwasher and sweeping robot have entered more and more families. A salesperson told the reporter: "According to the needs of consumers, merchants will launch different products, some of which are economical and applicable, and some of which can meet the needs of high-quality life, but overall, green and energy-saving products sell best."

　　"Come in and have a look, this is our new TV set. Its biggest highlight is’ seamless adsorption’, separated design and stereo surround, and the picture and color are even less, which can meet the needs of family viewing. " The clerk said to the consumers who are buying TV sets, "The promotion activities during the May 1 ST period are still going on. As long as they really want to buy them, the price can be negotiated again." "Now many consumers value cost performance, and similar products with low price, good quality and high energy efficiency are more popular." A citizen who just bought a TV set told reporters.

　　So, which home appliances do consumers most want to join the trade-in activity? The reporter learned that some consumers hope that the trade-in activities of large household appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines should be implemented so that consumers can really get benefits. Another part of consumers said that the upgrading speed of large household appliances is slow, and it is more affordable for small household appliances to join the activities. "Before replacing the old electric baking pans at home, 50 yuan changed the price for a new one. Small household appliances are broken, which costs a little more to repair, but it is a pity to throw them away. This kind of activity is quite good. " Citizen Gao Min said. Ms. Dong, a citizen, said that there are many broken small household appliances at home. If different types of small household appliances can be exchanged for each other, it would be better to buy the products they need.

　　Home improvement kitchen and bathroom "rejuvenation" new-

　　Green, intelligent and energy-saving become the first choice.

　　With a gentle kick, the toilet lid automatically rises, freeing hands; With a wave of your hand, the range hood hidden in the hanging cabinet can be lowered; Remote control operation, the mattress bends into an S-shape, which makes the body fit and relax … Nowadays, green, intelligent and energy-saving products emerge one after another in home stores. Will the home market be "rejuvenated" with the current trade-in craze? On May 13th, the reporter visited some home markets in our city.

　　On the morning of the same day, in a home improvement building materials market in the middle section of Wenming Avenue, the reporter met Ms. Niu, a citizen. "I just bought a new house for my child in March this year, and now the hard clothes will end immediately." She is consulting the whole house customization and told reporters. After a few days of shopping, she realized that there are a lot of wardrobe plates, such as density board, particle board, pine board, multilayer board and solid board, which are dazzling. "The child will get married at the end of the year, so in the choice of building materials, my biggest requirement is that the environmental protection level should be high. This is the case with wardrobes and cabinet plates, as well as the previous latex paint."

　　In addition to the popularity of green building materials, smart and energy-saving products have also become popular choices for consumers. In a bathroom shop on the first floor of the building materials market, the latest smart toilets were put in a conspicuous position. "At present, the best selling in our store is the smart toilet. In the past, most young people liked it, but now the customer base is wider. Many middle-aged and elderly people change their clothes and choose smart or light smart toilets. " Zhi Hong, a salesperson of the store, introduced it. Now the smart toilet is no longer "unattainable". You can buy a light smart toilet with heated seat and automatic lid lifting for more than 2,000 yuan, and the price is similar to that of ordinary toilets. "Our smart toilets and light smart toilets are both water-efficient secondary, and its sensing device will discharge water according to the load-bearing time, providing consumers with quality life and saving water at the same time." Zhihong said.

　　Kitchen and bathroom is the core area of the family and an important functional area. In addition to the renovation of new houses, many consumers who renovated old houses also started from the renovation of kitchen and bathroom. Ms. Gao, who lives in the Laker Triangle, originally bought a second-hand house, which was already decorated when she bought it. "I didn’t redecorate because of the limited budget. Now that I have a little more money, I want to clean up the kitchen. " Ms. Gao, who is choosing a gas stove, said that at present, the cupboard has been replaced at home, and then a set of more energy-efficient stoves and range hoods should be selected.

　　During the interview, the reporter learned that some businesses have launched trade-in activities, and at the same time, businesses are still continuing the "May Day" discount and various combination package promotions. "I saw the trade-in implementation plan issued by the province on the Internet, and I hope that businesses can launch related activities as soon as possible. In this way, the merchants will make some profits and the government will subsidize them. We can also upgrade our consumption and enjoy a higher quality smart home. " Ms. Niu said.

　　What did you get in exchange for the old one?

　　A few days ago, the Provincial Department of Commerce and other departments jointly issued a document to promote the full implementation of trade-in of consumer goods in Henan Province, focusing on the implementation of three major projects: trade-in of automobiles, trade-in of household appliances and "rejuvenation" of home improvement and kitchen and bathroom. Our city is also promoting this work. What changes have been brought to our production and life by the trade-in of consumer goods?

　　Trade-in of consumer goods has brought about an improvement in people’s quality of life. In the new round of trade-in activities of consumer goods, the new products replaced tend to be new energy passenger cars, green smart home appliances, smart electronic products, smart homes and other new products. These new products focus on green and intelligence, bringing convenience and intelligence to people’s lives, especially some aging smart products, which enhance the well-being of the elderly. Trade-in of consumer goods leads the new consumption fashion and improves the quality of life of the people.

　　Trade-in of consumer goods has brought a new look to the consumer market. Consumers can exchange old products for new ones and enjoy a certain amount of subsidies at the same time. Subsidies stimulate market consumption, which is bound to set off a new round of consumption boom. Consumer goods, such as automobiles, home appliances, home improvement, kitchen and bathroom, which are included in this trade-in subsidy, are an important part of residents’ consumption and are also bulk consumer products. Subsidies from government departments and concessions from some enterprises will certainly stimulate the consumer market and then set off a consumption boom.

　　Trade-in of consumer goods brings about the recycling of resources. At present, after automobiles, household appliances, home improvement, kitchen and bathroom and other household products are abandoned, some residents can’t find special recycling channels, and waste products will be littered, which may bring pollution to the environment. After the unified recycling of waste products, possible environmental pollution is avoided, moreover, waste resources can be recycled, and the quality and level of economic cycle are greatly improved.

　　Trade-in of consumer goods has brought about high-quality economic development. Green and intelligence are the vane of the consumer market. Stimulated by the trade-in policy, green and smart products favored by consumers are bound to be popular. This is conducive to promoting investment and promoting enterprises to produce more green and intelligent products, thus promoting the continuous increase of the proportion of advanced production capacity and bringing more high-quality durable consumer goods into residents’ lives. This can also promote local industries to climb "high", make efforts to "new", go "green" and make great strides towards high-quality development.

　　Trade-in of consumer goods has brought a new look to consumers’ life and consumption market. Relevant departments of our city should speed up the introduction of relevant policies so that consumers can enjoy the policy dividend as soon as possible and bring new atmosphere and changes.

　　(Reporter Deng Wei, Gao Qian, Li Hui)