[Text/Observer Network Xiong Chaoran] "Does the United States really dare to freeze or even confiscate China’s official reserve assets?" Last month, Wang Yongli, former vice president of Bank of China and a senior researcher at Chongyang Financial Research Institute of Renmin University of China, asked this question in an article he wrote.

This is indeed a good question, especially after the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States and its allies imposed severe sanctions on the Russian central bank, making about half of its foreign exchange reserves unusable. The West also cut off some large Russian banks from the western financial system and banned many high-tech products from exporting to Russia.

In the latest issue of The Economist, published on April 23rd, local time, the magazine interviewed many experts and scholars, and analyzed and discussed this question-if China acts at the geopolitical level, such as the mainland’s "Wu Tong" Taiwan Province, will the west treat China like Russia?

According to the article, most experts agree that it is impossible for western countries, led by the United States, to seriously damage China, the world’s second largest economy, while their own financial systems and trade markets are not seriously damaged. Therefore, for this reason, the West may "be afraid to go that far".

Screenshot of The Economist report

The article first quotes Eswar Prasad, a professor at Cornell University in the United States, saying that "the United States and its allies certainly have ways to deal with China". He believes that at present, the power center of global finance is still firmly occupied by the West, and two-thirds of China’s $3.2 trillion foreign exchange reserves may be western government bonds, and the United States and European countries can freeze these assets when necessary.

"But do western countries really dare (freeze assets)?" Subsequently, this article in The Economist immediately raised such a question. According to the article, freezing China’s foreign exchange reserves may not cause too much instability. China can find other ways to fight back, and the large amount of assets held by westerners in China will also be worrying.

Gerard Pi Bo, a senior researcher at the Center for International Strategy and Studies (CSIS), pointed out that in return, China could confiscate foreigners’ assets in China. By the end of last year, foreigners had $3.6 trillion in direct investment in China, including fixed factories and $2.2 trillion in stocks, bonds and other "portfolio" investments, which was six times as much as the equivalent assets held by foreign countries in Russia.

Data Map: Employees of a foreign trade enterprise in Pingxiang Logistics Park of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area are producing exported electronic products.. Photo from Xinhua News Agency

"What if the West also imposes sanctions on financial institutions other than the Bank of China?" The Economist has considered this question again, and the answer is that this may make western institutions face "financial backlash".

According to the data of the Financial Stability Board (FSB), an international financial regulator, among the 30 banks with "specific systemic importance" in the world, 4 are China banks. If these banks are attacked, it may harm the interests of western institutions that provide loans to them or open accounts there.

Clay Lowery of the International Finance Association (IIF), a bankers’ organization, said that he was "not confident" about whether western countries had the confidence to cut off the business of China banks in order to keep their financial stability undisturbed.

The article points out that if the West adopts these sanctions against China, it will also cause serious damage to trade. Last year, less than one-fifth of China’s trade was settled in RMB, and most of the rest was settled in US dollars.

Martin Chorzempa, a senior researcher at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in the United States, said: "Without insurance and trade credit, many economic activities will dry up. Since China is a major trading partner of more than 120 countries, this kind of destruction may turn the rest of the world against the United States and its allies. "

According to the article, China accounts for 18% of the total imports of the United States and more than 22% of the total imports of the European Union, including many parts used in domestic manufacturing. Therefore, blocking trade with China may harm the country’s own production, including its exports.

The proportion of parts and components of electronic and electrical products imported from China in 2020 is shown in The Economist.

According to the simulation calculation of Gabriel Felbermayr, a professor at Vienna University of Economics and his co-authors, if the United States and its allies cut China’s imports by more than 90%, its own exports will drop by nearly 10%.

Western experts believe that China’s most important influence comes from its vast market. The United States may want to deprive China of some high-tech R&D, such as semiconductors, but according to the data of Boston Consulting Group (BCG), a total ban on semiconductor production will cost American semiconductor companies 37% of their income and endanger more than 120,000 jobs.

At the end of the article, it is said that the West can strike Russia harder economically whenever Russia tries to fight back, but this may not be the case for China, which in turn will make China fight back. For example, as far as China is concerned, the export restriction of rare earth can be used as a tool, and rare earth is used in many electronic products, which may disrupt the supply chain of other manufacturing segments of electric vehicle battery boxes.

"Then, if the United States and its allies impose the same sanctions on China as on Russia, they may suffer considerable pain. For this reason, they may not dare to go that far, but they certainly hope that China will not find out. " The article draws such a conclusion.

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.

Compared with the ordinary monitoring station, it is more like a "doctor" with a comprehensive physical examination. It can not only monitor more than 150 indicators, but also find out the cause of air pollution and explain it clearly … At the press conference held by the Department of Ecology and Environment on March 7, the sub-station of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Photochemistry Group (hereinafter referred to as Super Station) walked from behind the scenes to the front.

Super stations have been planned and laid out in 15 key cities in Sichuan. Among them, the super stations in 8 cities including Chengdu have been put into use, and the remaining 7 super stations will be completed and put into operation before the end of this year. By then, a super station monitoring network will be basically formed in the whole province to realize targeted control of air pollution.

More than 150 indicators can be monitored to find out the "cause" of air pollution.

Due to the special topography, meteorology, industry, energy, traffic structure and other comprehensive factors, the prevention and control of air pollution in Sichuan Basin has entered a "deep water period", and it is necessary to move the real thing and "chew the hard bone" one by one.

How to dig?

"Targeted control is very important!" Lei Yi, deputy director of the Department of Ecology and Environment, said that based on the basic completion of the atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network, the Department of Ecology and Environment will increase the construction of super stations from 2020 to further clarify and understand the components of atmospheric pollutants and realize scientific pollution control.

So, where is the super station "super"?

At the press conference, Lei Yi made an image metaphor. "Compared with the conventional 6-parameter automatic monitoring station for ambient air quality, the super station is more like a’ doctor’ with a comprehensive physical examination." Lei Yi said that the super station can monitor more than 150 kinds of indicators, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble ions and inorganic elements in fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and 117 kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by ozone (O3). "The cause of air pollution can be clearly identified and explained." Lei Yi said.

At present, Sichuan has planned and laid out super stations in 15 key cities, among which super stations in Chengdu, Zigong, Luzhou, Deyang, Mianyang, Yibin, Guang ‘an and Dazhou have been put into use. The super stations in Panzhihua, Suining, Neijiang, Leshan, Nanchong, Meishan and Ziyang will be completed and put into operation before the end of this year. By then, a super station monitoring network will be basically formed in the whole province, which will provide more powerful support for deepening the blue sky defense war.

"Targeted pollution control" to achieve maximum environmental benefits at minimum cost.

In the winter of 2022, the concentration of water-soluble substances such as sulfate, organic carbon, elemental carbon and heavy metal iron in the air pollution in Deyang City was high, which contributed greatly to the concentration of PM2.5 in the urban area … Facing the atmospheric "disease", the Super Station accurately "felt the pulse" and found out the "cause": the characteristic pollution sources mainly came from industries such as coal burning and smelting. The targeted management and control plan was quickly released: relevant departments strengthened the management and control of enterprises such as steel and glass. When the medicine reaches the disease, the related pollutants are effectively controlled.

In addition to "targeted pollution control", the super station can also provide more accurate support for regional air environmental quality prediction and early warning of heavy pollution process.

Qi Qiang, chief engineer of the provincial ecological environment monitoring station, said that accurate early warning and forecasting have laid a good foundation for the prevention and control of air pollution, leaving enough space and gaining time for the process of dealing with polluted weather. The data shows that in 2022, the accuracy of air quality grade forecast in the next three days in the province will be 89.3%. After the completion of the super station in Mianyang, the accuracy of air quality grade forecast reached 95%.

Lei Yi said that relying on the super station, the local party committees and governments can carry out their work in a targeted manner, achieve precise control, and achieve maximum environmental benefits at the least cost.

A full-time and full-coverage atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network has been basically established.

Ecological environment monitoring is the basic work of ecological environment protection. "We have basically built a full-time, full-coverage atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network." Lei Yi said that the completion of such a network provides an important basis for assessing the improvement of environmental quality and the effectiveness of environmental pollution control in various places.

At present, there are 308 national and provincial air quality automatic monitoring stations in the province, and there is one national and provincial air quality automatic monitoring station every 25 square kilometers in the built-up areas of cities at or above the county level to monitor the ambient air quality of cities at or above the county level in real time. The eco-environment department also cooperates closely with meteorological departments to establish the Southwest Regional Air Quality Forecast Center, which can realize the forecast of air quality grade in the next 14 days at the provincial level and the forecast of major pollutants concentration in the next 7 days at prefecture-level cities. (Reporter   Tian Chengchen)

CCTV News:On January 10th, Shenzhen held a press conference on epidemic prevention and control. Since January 7th, the city has reported 4 confirmed cases in COVID-19, all of which were found in the detection of key populations, belonging to the same transmission chain.

The first case in this round of epidemic is engaged in the international goods supply chain and has a recent history of contact with overseas goods. According to comprehensive analysis, this epidemic is a local epidemic caused by overseas import, and it is highly likely that the exposure to pollutants from overseas Covid-19 will cause infection. From 12: 00 on January 7 to 24: 00 on January 9, Shenzhen completed a total of 22.187 million nucleic acid tests.

The sealed control community has sufficient materials and an orderly life.

Since the discovery of Covid-19-infected people on January 7th, Shenzhen has designated the relevant areas as closed and controlled areas.

Headquarters reporter Wei Xing:I am now located in Dongxinling Community, Buji Street, Longgang District, Shenzhen, where the first two cases of this epidemic in Shenzhen lived at that time. Now the local government has taken control measures on this place, and the building where they live has been classified as a medium-risk area, including the whole community, which is now under closed management. I can see that there is a red water horse behind me to enclose the whole community. At the entrance and exit of this community, there are staff from various departments. The public security department maintains the order of the scene, in addition, medical staff do some nucleic acid detection work here, and these volunteers wearing blue protective clothing are supported by various units. Their main job is to receive materials from the scene. If residents in the sealed control area buy some living materials, they will send them to the door of this community, and these volunteers will send them to the door of residents one by one to ensure their normal life.

It is understood that Dongxinling Community began to be closed and controlled from January 7, and the food in the first two days was distributed free of charge by the local epidemic prevention and control headquarters. From January 9, the local government organized large supermarkets to open online shopping channels to ensure the living order of residents.

　　I. Policy background

　　In 2016, the city implemented the decentralization of urban renewal and strong areas. According to the Decision of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government on Implementing the Reform of Urban Renewal (Order No.288 of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government) (hereinafter referred to as Order No.288) and the Decision of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government on Deepening the Reform of Planning Land System and Mechanism (Order No.298 of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government) (hereinafter referred to as Order No.298), the examination and approval authority of urban renewal projects and the implementation plan of agricultural conversion involved are adjusted to district governments (including new ones) Under the new situation of decentralization in strong areas, in order to do a good job of linking up the work among provinces, cities and districts after the reform, better guide and standardize the examination and approval of land for urban renewal projects of demolition and reconstruction, and improve the efficiency of examination and approval, the Provisions on the Examination and Approval of Land for Urban Renewal Projects of Demolition and Reconstruction in Shenzhen (hereinafter referred to as the Provisions) is formulated in combination with the relevant provisions of the state, provinces and municipalities on land management, which serves as the basis for urban renewal agencies in various districts to examine and approve the implementation plan of land for urban renewal projects and the conversion of agricultural land.

　　Second, the main content

　　The "Regulations" consists of nineteen articles, the main contents of which are as follows:

　　(A) on the scope of application of the policy

　　The "Regulations" apply to the examination and approval of the implementation plan for the development and construction land and its agricultural land conversion.

　　(B) on the division of land use approval authority

　　According to Decree No.288 and its implementation opinions and Decree No.298, the municipal competent department of planning and land is the competent department of urban renewal business, responsible for the policy formulation and business guidance of the implementation plan for the development and construction of land and its agricultural land conversion, and summarizes the examination and approval of each district every six months and reports it to the municipal government; The district government is responsible for the examination and approval of the implementation plan for the development and construction of land and its agricultural land conversion; The urban renewal agencies in each district are responsible for the specific examination and approval work, and the relevant departments do a good job of cooperation within the scope of their duties.

　　(3) About the scope of land use approval

　　Urban renewal projects are based on the scope of project demolition defined by urban renewal unit planning, and land use approval is carried out according to the phased implementation timing determined by urban renewal unit planning. The "Regulations" distinguish four situations, which involve staging but not project implementation, not involving staging but sub-project implementation, sub-project implementation by stages, and sub-project implementation by stages, and clarify the units that approve the development and construction land. If a whole area contains a number of development and construction land, all development and construction land shall go through the formalities of land use examination and approval at the same time, and the subsequent procedures shall go through the formalities of signing the land use right transfer contract at the same time.

　　(four) on the land application materials and approval conditions.

　　In accordance with the Decision of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Amending the Administrative Measures for the Examination and Approval of Construction Land, the Notice of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Land and Resources on Implementing the Opinions of the State on Improving and Optimizing the Pre-examination and Review of Construction Projects, and the Notice of the Shenzhen Municipal Planning and Land Resources Committee of the Shenzhen Municipal Finance Committee on Further Defining the Payment Process of Paid Use Fees for New Construction Land, The Reply on Approving to Authorize the Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government to Exercise Relevant Land Management Authority, the Measures for Urban Renewal in Shenzhen and its detailed rules for implementation, and in combination with the provisions of relevant policies such as prevention and management of geological disasters, investigation and evaluation of soil environment, the Provisions clarify the application materials and conditions for examination and approval of development and construction land and its implementation plan for agricultural conversion.

　　(five) on the development and construction of land involved in the approved land without construction.

　　Linked to the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Measures for Urban Renewal in Shenzhen and the Technical Regulations for the Planning and Compilation of Urban Renewal Units for Demolition and Reconstruction in Shenzhen (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations for the Planning and Compilation of Renewal Units), the Regulations stipulate the work of this situation in the stages of urban renewal unit planning approval, project implementation subject confirmation, cancellation of real property right certificate, land use approval and land transfer from the perspective of land use approval. Following the principle of equal area, equal period, equal development intensity and other functions, the area, use, plot ratio, transfer period and start date of the vacated land shall be implemented according to the agreement in the transfer contract of the land use right of the vacated land.

　　(six) the situation that the urban renewal unit contains overhead corridors, cross-street buildings or underground spaces.

　　The "Regulations" are linked with the "Technical Regulations on Updating Unit Planning", and the applicants, departments and procedures for land approval for public overhead corridors and public passages outside the scope of development and construction land are defined. At the same time, the "Regulations" clarify that the horizontal projection range, area and vertical elevation of overhead corridors, cross-street buildings or underground spaces should be clear when the construction land is approved. However, considering that it is difficult to define the specific spatial location in the stage of land use approval, the Regulations propose that in the stage of construction project planning permission, the horizontal projection range, area and vertical elevation can be appropriately adjusted according to the urban renewal unit planning and relevant standards and specifications, and a supplementary agreement on the land use right transfer contract can be signed, so it is not necessary to re-apply for construction land approval.

　　(seven) on the phased implementation of urban renewal units, there is a lack of legal land use indicators within the scope of later project demolition.

　　Urban renewal unit planning takes urban renewal unit as a unit for overall planning, and there may be insufficient legal land use indicators within the scope of later project demolition in urban renewal units implemented by stages. In this case, if the legal land use index of the later project is insufficient, the legal land use index of the signed land use right transfer contract can be used to exceed the area of the transferred development and construction land. When there are many kinds of land use categories beyond the legal land use index, they shall be used in the order of land price calculation.

　　(eight) on the urban renewal project involving non-agricultural construction land and illegal construction land left over from the history of rural urbanization.

　　In accordance with the principle of respecting history and safeguarding the rights and interests of the original rural collective, and according to the order of demarcation of non-agricultural construction land, the Regulations respectively stipulate different treatment principles for non-agricultural construction land before and after the disposal of illegal construction land left over from rural urbanization history.

　　(nine) on the situation that the urban renewal project involves the overlapping of non-agricultural construction land and old house village land.

　　For non-agricultural construction land and the old house village land overlap, the overlapping part is treated as non-agricultural construction land, and the old house village land is not included in the legal land use index; The overlapping part is treated as the land used in the old house village, and the non-agricultural construction land can be separately included in the legal land use index within the scope of demolition, and there is no need to adjust the non-agricultural construction land plan.

　　(ten) on the time limit and procedures for land use approval.

　　Combined with the relevant provisions of the administrative license, the time limit for examination and approval of development and construction land is 20 working days. The approval procedure is as follows:

　　Figure 1 Flow chart for approval of development and construction land

　　(twelve) land transfer and non-agricultural construction land index verification.

　　Urban renewal unit planning determines that the land to be handed over to the government free of charge should be handed over before the signing of the land use right transfer contract for urban renewal projects. Urban renewal projects involving non-agricultural construction land within the scope of demolition, the district urban renewal agencies shall notify the municipal competent department of planning and land to send agencies within the jurisdiction to write off non-agricultural construction land indicators before the signing of the land use right transfer contract for urban renewal projects.

　　(thirteen) the time limit and procedures for the approval of the implementation plan for the conversion of agricultural land.

　　If the development and construction land of the project involves the occupation of agricultural land and unused land, the implementation plan for the conversion of agricultural land shall be formulated by the district urban renewal agency and submitted to the district government for approval simultaneously with the development and construction land. The procedure is as follows:

　　Fig. 2 Flow chart for approval of implementation scheme of agricultural conversion

　　(fourteen) on the use of land use planning indicators.

　　Before compiling the implementation plan of agricultural land conversion for renewal projects, the district urban renewal institution shall solicit the opinions of the agencies dispatched by the competent department of city planning and land administration, and clarify the sources of new construction land indicators. The dispatched offices of the municipal competent department of planning and land shall, according to the reply issued by the district government, do a good job in the ledger management of the indicators of agricultural conversion in the jurisdiction, and report to the municipal competent department of planning and land regularly for summary as required.

　　(15) Information disclosure

　　After the district government issues the approval of construction land and the approval of the implementation plan of agricultural conversion, the district urban renewal institution shall make the approval of land use and the implementation plan of agricultural conversion public at the project site and portal website respectively.

　　(XVI) About the effective date.

　　The Regulations shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

　　[Technology] Cars have become an indispensable part of our lives. The combination of steering wheel+shift lever+pedal seems to have become a natural way to control cars, but their respective mechanisms are rarely understood. Take the steering wheel in our hands as an example, the majority of riders are still vague about the common concepts of various steering systems, such as "the difference with hydraulic power" and "what is the variable power", and so on. Below, we will systematically introduce various common steering systems, answer these questions, and discuss the mysteries and mysteries of various steering systems with you.

　

　　Because of the long space, this paper introduces our most common system now, interprets "where does the power come from" and introduces the classification of power steering system.

　　Power steering, as its name implies, is to resist steering resistance by increasing external force, so that drivers can complete steering with less force. It is also called power steering. It was originally designed to make some large vehicles with heavy weight operate more easily, but now it has become very popular. It makes driving easier and easier, and makes vehicles more agile and improves safety to some extent. Power steering can be divided into two categories according to the different sources of power-hydraulic power and electric power.

●

　　The origin of hydraulic power steering can be traced back to February, 1902. Frederick W. Lanchester of Britain invented "Cause the steering mechanism to be actuated by hydraulic power", that is, the hydraulic driving steering mechanism. After that, inventors in the United States and Canada successively registered patents for similar inventions. In automobile production, the commercial production of hydraulic power steering system was first realized, and it was named Hydraguide hydraulic steering system, and it was installed on Chrysler’s sixth generation Imperial in 1951. With the development of technology, the steering system with electronic pump instead of mechanical pump appears, so the current hydraulic power is mainly divided into mechanical hydraulic power and electronic hydraulic power. In addition, the electronic servo hydraulic power steering system is derived from the mechanical hydraulic power.

　

　　Let’s look at the main principle of mechanical hydraulic power steering, which is based on mechanical rack-and-pinion steering mechanism, and adds a whole set of hydraulic system, including liquid storage tank, hydraulic booster pump, mechanical valve connected with steering column, hydraulic cylinder on steering mechanism and the one that can push steering rod, etc.

　　The hydraulic pump provided by mechanical power steering is driven by a belt, which means that the steering pump can only run when the engine is running, which is why the steering wheel power disappears after the engine is turned off. On the steering machine, there is a mechanical valve that can rotate with the steering column. When the steering wheel does not rotate left and right, the pressure in the chambers on both sides of the piston is consistent and in a balanced state. When the steering wheel rotates, the mechanical valve connected to the steering column will be opened or closed accordingly, and the oil on one side will return directly to the oil storage tank without passing through the hydraulic cylinder, and the oil on the other side will continue to be injected into the hydraulic cylinder, so that the pressure difference between the two sides of the piston will be pushed under the action of hydraulic force, and then the auxiliary force will be generated to push the steering rod to steer the wheels, which greatly reduces the force required for us to turn the steering wheel.

　　Another advantage of hydraulic power steering system is to improve comfort and safety. When the wheels jump violently and the tires turn involuntarily when encountering potholes, the vibration can be well buffered and absorbed by the action of hydraulic pressure on the piston, which greatly reduces the vibration transmitted to the steering wheel. At the same time, this structure also improves the safety. For example, when a vehicle using the traditional rack-and-pinion mechanism turns, the tire suddenly changes direction when it encounters a pothole, and the rack will drive the gear to reverse the steering wheel, resulting in the situation of "beater", which is easy to hurt the driver’s hand, so there will be no such problem in a hydraulically assisted vehicle.

　　Mechanical hydraulic booster features:The whole system is a mechanical structure, from the mechanical hydraulic pump driven by the belt to the hydraulic mechanical valve body on the steering column, without any electronic system, with mature and stable technology, high reliability and wide application range. Even if the hydraulic system of the vehicle fails and loses power, it can still rely on the traditional rack and pinion mechanism for steering. Disadvantages are complex structure, large space occupation and high manufacturing cost, which also makes the maintenance difficult and costly. And because the hydraulic pump is driven by the engine belt, it will consume part of the power of the engine, which will affect the fuel economy and the power of the vehicle, especially for small-displacement vehicles with relatively weak power. In addition, the strength of the mechanical hydraulic power-assisted system is not adjustable, so it is difficult to take into account the different requirements for pointing accuracy when driving at low speed and high speed.

● Electro-hydraulic booster

　　The so-called Electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS for short) has exactly the same principle as mechanical hydraulic power steering, but the biggest difference from mechanical hydraulic power steering is that instead of using a hydraulic pump driven by an engine through a belt, it is replaced by an electric pump.

　　The advantages of electro-hydraulic power assist are firstly reflected in energy consumption. First, the electronic pump driven by electric energy uses the electric energy output by the generator and the battery, and no longer consumes the power of the engine itself. The start and stop of the electronic pump are all controlled by the electronic system. When it is not steering, the electronic pump is turned off, unlike the mechanical hydraulic power assist pump, which is always linked with the engine, further reducing energy consumption.

　　Secondly, the electronic control unit of the electro-hydraulic power steering system can change the power of steering assistance by processing the information of sensors such as speed sensor, lateral acceleration sensor and steering angle sensor, and changing the flow rate of the electronic pump in real time, that is, the function of variable power assistance with speed. Of course, it is not only the electro-hydraulic power assist that can realize the variable power assist with speed. We will introduce various "variable" power assist steering systems in detail in later articles.

　　Electro-hydraulic power assist has been gradually popularized since the late 1990s, and brands such as,,,,, and have models using electro-hydraulic power assist system. We are familiar with, and other models use such a system.

"Triumph, old models and other models use electro-hydraulic power."

　　Why can’t electro-hydraulic assist replace mechanical hydraulic assist?

　　No matter from the aspects of technology, function or economy, electro-hydraulic power assistance has more advantages than mechanical hydraulic power assistance. However, at present, electro-hydraulic power assistance has not been able to replace mechanical hydraulic power assistance for the following reasons:

　　1. The cost of electro-hydraulic booster is higher. Compared with the mechanical hydraulic power-assisted system, after adding the electronic control system and replacing it with the electronic pump, the manufacturing cost of electronic hydraulic power-assisted system is higher, the technology is more complicated, and the difficulty and cost of maintenance are also increased.

　　2. The reliability is not as good as that of mechanical hydraulic booster. In addition to the failure of steering mechanism and hydraulic mechanism, electro-hydraulic power assist also increases the possibility of electrical system failure, so its reliability is not as good as that of traditional hydraulic power assist system.

　　3. The assistance is limited. Although the use of electronic pump has obvious advantages, it needs to be driven by the electric energy of the generator, and the vehicle-mounted generator itself and the maximum current it can provide are limited, so the power of the electronic pump is also limited, and the load it can carry is also limited. Therefore, at present, most of the models that use electro-hydraulic power are medium-sized vehicles. For vehicles that need greater assistance, the electro-hydraulic assistance system is beyond the reach.

　　4. Evolved mechanical hydraulic booster system. With the development of technology, the variable speed function of electro-hydraulic power-assisted system has been realized on the evolved mechanical hydraulic power-assisted system (using solenoid valve body technology), and even a variable speed ratio system has been derived from the mechanical hydraulic power-assisted steering system, so the mechanical hydraulic power-assisted system with higher reliability and load-bearing capacity is still welcomed by manufacturers.

　　BEIJING, March 1st (Xinhua)-On the 1st, at the press conference on the theme of "Authoritative Department Begins" held by the State Council Office, Jin Zhuanglong, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology would anchor the strategic goals of manufacturing power, network power and digital China, take digital technology innovation breakthrough and application expansion as the main direction, and increase the integrated development of informationization and industrialization. Generally speaking, it is mainly in three aspects: one is the network platform, the other is the digital industry, and the other is the integrated development.

　　The first aspect is to solidly promote the construction of network infrastructure. China has built the world’s largest and technologically advanced network infrastructure, with Gigabit access capacity covering all prefecture-level cities. This year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will further implement the construction of Gigabit cities. Not long ago, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a Gigabit City Summit Forum to guide all localities and enterprises to speed up construction investment and accelerate the deep coverage of 5G and Gigabit optical networks. Study and formulate an action plan for the development of computing infrastructure and strengthen the construction of industrial Internet infrastructure.

　　The second aspect is to accelerate the development of the core industries of the digital economy. In 2022, China’s electronic information manufacturing industry achieved an operating income of 15.4 trillion yuan, and the software business income reached 10.8 trillion yuan, which laid a solid industrial and technical foundation for the integrated development of informationization and industrialization. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will accelerate the development of emerging digital industries such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, cloud computing and network security, guide and support enterprises to increase investment in research and development, and improve the industrial level of communication equipment, core electronic components and ultra-high definition display. Promote the high-quality development of integrated circuits and industrial software industries. Build characteristic software colleges with high standards and create a number of famous software parks in China.

　　The third aspect is to vigorously promote the digital transformation of manufacturing industry. Study and formulate a roadmap for digital transformation of key industries and cultivate a number of digital transformation benchmarks. Promote the 5G Sailing Action Plan, deepen the integrated application of "5G+ Industrial Internet", promote the popularization and application of industrial Internet to industrial parks, and build a number of 5G fully connected factories. We will implement the smart manufacturing partner program and standard pilot actions, build a number of world-leading smart factories and smart supply chains, and develop new models and formats such as service-oriented manufacturing.

[Editor’s Note] "We should develop traditional Chinese medicine, pay attention to interpreting the principles of traditional Chinese medicine with modern science, and take the road of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine." On May 12th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once again asked about Chinese medicine during his inspection tour in Nanyang City, Henan Province, and put forward new and clear requirements for the further development of Chinese medicine.

Inheriting the essence, the development of traditional Chinese medicine can go back to ancient times; The development of traditional Chinese medicine will be clear and turbulent only when it is upright and innovative. Combined with the outstanding performance and experience of Chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 epidemic, many Chinese medicine experts who have participated in the first-line anti-epidemic talk about their experiences, offering suggestions and suggestions for the high-quality development of Chinese medicine and protecting the health of all mankind.

Liu Qingquan, Dean of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University. Photo courtesy of respondents

"The future development of Chinese medicine is to be brave and dare to combine with modern science and technology, and to be good at using modern science and technology language to make the oldest theory of Chinese medicine clear and clear, so that Chinese medicine can truly become a world medicine and a medical system that can be used by all countries and ethnic groups." Combined with the treatment of COVID-19 epidemic, Liu Qingquan, president of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, said that the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine is very important for the development of traditional Chinese medicine, and it may form a new medicine in the future. It not only has the traditional theoretical advantages of Chinese medicine classics, but also embodies the connotation of modern science and technology; It is neither classical Chinese medicine nor modern western medicine, but a complete medical system with complementary advantages.

On February 15th, 2020, in beijing ditan hospital, a pharmacist dispensed medicine for COVID-19 patients in a traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Huanzong photo

The experience of Chinese and western collaborative treatment lays the foundation for the formation of new medicine.

In the process of fighting against the epidemic in COVID-19, the effective prescription of traditional Chinese medicine-"three drugs and three parties" screened out by clinic has played an important role.

Liu Qingquan, who once served as an expert in Hubei Central Steering Group and deputy head of the national expert group on medical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, said that "three drugs and three parties" is actually a classic theory of China traditional Chinese medicine, a treatment method based on the experience of traditional Chinese medicine in treating plague for thousands of years, and a model for coping with new diseases.

"Through the analysis of COVID-19’s clinical characteristics, we have formed the idea that we can combine various effective prescriptions to treat, thus forming the basic idea of’ three parties and three drugs’, that is, according to the changes of etiology and different stages of illness, we can adjust and combine to form effective treatment methods. This proves the greatness and correctness of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and verifies that it conforms to scientific laws. " Liu Qingquan said.

"In the process of using’ three parties and three drugs’ treatment, we have also preliminarily explored and mastered some theoretical data of treating COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicine. These studies prove that the basis of treating COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicine is scientifically explained from different aspects, such as the adjustment of immune system and inflammatory system, which are the important pathological links that cause the disease to change, get worse and worse during the onset of COVID-19." Liu Qingquan analysis.

"In terms of coordinated treatment of Chinese and Western medicine, Chinese and Western medicine have their own strengths, and ultimately played a very important role in improving the success rate of severe and critical care and reducing the mortality rate, which proved the internal theoretical basis of coordinated treatment of Chinese and Western medicine and made some necessary preparations for exploring the organic integration of Chinese and Western medicine to form a new medicine." Liu Qingquan pointed out.

On February 25th, 2020, in Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital, Zhan Min (right), a medical staff member of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, performed acupoint application therapy for COVID-19 patients. Xinhua News Agency reporter Shen Bohan photo

Exploration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shelter Hospital Model of Infectious Diseases Hospital with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

In the process of Chinese medicine participating in Wuhan epidemic prevention and control and clinical treatment, Fangcang Hospital has become a medical pioneering work in a special period.

Liu Qingquan, a former president of Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital, was deeply touched by the experience of Chinese medicine taking over Fangcang Hospital. He said that the establishment of the shelter hospital is a very effective way to deal with sudden large-scale infectious diseases. In the shelter hospital, the treatment of light and ordinary patients with traditional Chinese medicine can effectively speed up the improvement of patients’ condition, reduce the occurrence of severe and critical diseases and reduce the mortality rate. In addition, because the source of infection is cut off in time, the control of virus transmission also plays a very important role.

Liu Qingquan believes that the experience and achievements gained by taking over Fangcang Hospital with traditional Chinese medicine technology to treat light and ordinary patients in COVID-19 have paved the way for the state to support the establishment of infectious disease hospitals and specialized hospitals with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. This will enable the future to quickly form a powerful force of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine, whether dealing with common infectious diseases or sudden new infectious diseases.

On May 23, 2021, the doctor set up the automatic decocting machine in Yingkou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning Province. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pan Xiaolong photo

Increase investment to support the construction of Chinese medicine institutions and Chinese medicine research.

Nowadays, in the treatment of many local epidemics distributed in China, the treatment scheme of traditional Chinese medicine is becoming more and more perfect and mature, and has achieved very good results. The methods of classified treatment and management of traditional Chinese medicine have become more and more popular and have become the consensus of the medical community.

"Compared with this treatment effect, there are too few medical institutions of Chinese medicine, which is a limitation to the role of Chinese medicine and its future development." Liu Qingquan called on the state to increase investment in TCM research and institution building. In dealing with infectious diseases, it is hoped that the state can support the establishment of infectious disease hospitals in mature areas with traditional Chinese medicine or integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Liu Qingquan said that infectious diseases are the public enemy of mankind, regardless of Chinese medicine and western medicine, regardless of population and race. Therefore, I hope that China can make achievements in the construction of infectious disease hospitals with traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and set an example for promoting the development of China medicine and even the world medicine. I hope that colleagues of Chinese and Western medicine can work together in Qi Xin to seize the opportunity and let the development of traditional Chinese medicine enter a new era.

　　On January 17th and 19th, two patients in Xinjiang died after taking Tangzhining Capsule (batch number "081101") labeled "Guangxi Pingnan Pharmaceutical Factory". After investigation, the "Tangzhining Capsule" that caused the patient’s death was a counterfeit drug, and the chemical component "glibenclamide" was illegally added. According to industry analysts, patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are huge, which has become a "gold mine" for many black-hearted drug dealers to make money. Some products advertised as pure Chinese medicine have illegally mixed western medicine ingredients, or added pharmaceutical ingredients to health foods, which is harmful to patients’ health. This has also become a focus of supervision by law enforcement departments in various places, including Guangdong Province.

　　Three chemical components are often illegally added.

　　According to reports, although the current medical level has made rapid progress, there is no major breakthrough in some difficult diseases, such as diabetes, chronic hepatitis, malignant tumors, etc., and neither traditional Chinese medicine nor western medicine can achieve a complete cure. Wei Hua, deputy director of the Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that as far as Chinese medicine is concerned, its composition is complex and its effect is mild and slow, while western medicine has continuously developed some chemical drugs which are more effective, but its side effects are relatively large. In this regard, some lawless people, taking advantage of the psychological trust of patients in traditional Chinese medicine, promote so-called pure Chinese medicine and health food, and secretly add western medicine chemical components to them, so that patients feel obvious curative effect after taking it, thus increasing sales. For example, the "Tangzhining Capsule" that went wrong this time is under the banner of Chinese patent medicine.

　　Wei Hua said that in addition to the glibenclamide added in the "Tangzhining Capsule" that went wrong this time, gliclazide and glipizide are the most commonly added hypoglycemic western medicine ingredients in those illegal products. According to the relevant regulations, chemical substances are not allowed to be added to traditional Chinese medicine. "Glibenclamide" has a strong hypoglycemic effect, and its pharmacological function is to promote insulin secretion and improve human insulin deficiency through metabolism after entering the blood. However, serious overdose may cause shock and even death.

　　It is understood that the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute for Drug Inspection found that the drugs taken by the deceased during his lifetime contained about 10.33 mg of "glibenclamide" per pill. "Glibenclamide" is a second-generation sulfonylurea, which has a strong hypoglycemic effect, but adults should not take more than l5 mg per day, otherwise it will endanger the life safety of users. According to the instructions of the seized drugs, the normal dosage is 9 capsules per day, which has exceeded the maximum daily dosage by 6 times.

　　You can’t add western medicine to Chinese medicine at random.

　　A person in charge of a pharmaceutical factory told reporters that the incident was not accidental, and illegal drugs, health foods, western medicines and illegal propaganda occurred from time to time. According to National Medical Products Administration, they found that it is not uncommon to add sildenafil, a component of Viagra, to the "pure Chinese medicine" for treating male sexual dysfunction, and to add thyroid hormone to diet food, which can cause hyperthyroidism, so that patients who don’t know the truth suffer from side effects of drugs for no reason. This exposes a problem: most Chinese people believe that "natural drugs" have the advantages of low toxicity and side effects, and it is inevitable that they are not alert to side effects such as dependence.

　　Wang Dahong, Secretary-General of the Market Working Committee of China Health Food Association, said that illegal addition of western medicine ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine or chemical ingredients in health food will do great harm to patients and should not be added indiscriminately. Doctors and patients use mixed Chinese and western medicines without knowing it, which can easily lead to repeated adverse drug reactions. For example, if diabetic patients don’t know that the Chinese patent medicine for lowering blood sugar is added with glibenclamide, they mistakenly think it is a "Chinese medicine with no toxic and side effects" and take it in excess, or take the western medicine for lowering blood sugar at the same time for "integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment", which will lead to overdose of hypoglycemic drugs and hypoglycemia, and even lead to blood sugar fluctuation of patients if they stop taking the medicine suddenly. Therefore, Wang Dahong said that the timely discovery and investigation of the problem "Tangzhining Capsule" has eliminated another safety hazard that harms consumers’ health, and the industry has been further eliminated.

　　Illegal addition has four characteristics.

　　Most Chinese patent medicines or health foods illegally added with western medicine ingredients have the following characteristics: First, they claim that they can cure or greatly improve certain diseases in a short period of time, and their efficacy is remarkable. Second, most drugs are sold through online advertisements, mail advertisements or health knowledge lectures. Third, most drugs or health care products are covered with legal coats. Some products are pure Chinese medicine ingredients when applying for batch number, but western medicine ingredients are added during production. Fourth, the means of addition is very secret. Knowing that the routine drug testing only examines the internal substances of drugs, criminals add western medicine ingredients to the external carriers of drugs such as capsule shell. Finally, it is suggested that consumers can check the authenticity of drugs through the official website of the State Food and Drug Administration.

　　-Medical files

　　glibenclamide

　　Glibenclamide, alias glibenclamide, Daanning, etc., is a prescription drug and must be taken under the guidance of a doctor. It is an islet hormone and a drug that affect blood sugar, and can be used to treat mild and moderate non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with unsatisfactory therapeutic effect only by diet control, but the patient’s islet β cells need to have certain insulin secretion function without serious complications, such as diarrhea, nausea, headache, stomachache, liver function damage, thrombocytopenia and other adverse symptoms. If you take glibenclamide in large quantities for a long time, it will eventually lead to hypoglycemia, nephropathy and even death.

　　-Related links

　　Which drugs illegally add glibenclamide?

　　According to experts, in the drug treatment of diabetes, except insulin, most of them are oral drugs. Oral hypoglycemic drugs are usually divided into three categories: western medicine hypoglycemic drugs, pure Chinese medicine hypoglycemic drugs and Chinese and Western medicine hypoglycemic drugs. Generally, pure Chinese medicine has weak hypoglycemic effect, slow onset and high safety. Western medicine hypoglycemic agents take effect quickly and have great toxic and side effects. The combination of Chinese and western hypoglycemic agents is based on the pure traditional Chinese medicine hypoglycemic agents, and incorporates the ingredients of western medicine hypoglycemic agents, which not only has the advantages of rapid hypoglycemic effect of western medicine, but also has the advantages of high safety of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the person in charge of the provincial drug evaluation center, at present, only three kinds of oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as Yikai Xiaoke Pill, are officially registered in China. It is not the first time to illegally add glibenclamide. In 2005, the Ministry of Health investigated and dealt with two cases-

　　○ On June 15th, 2005, the Ministry of Health issued a notice, requiring all localities to investigate and deal with some batch numbers of "Ku Le Kang Capsule" produced by Liaoning Healthy Weiye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.. The Ministry of Health pointed out that when the relevant departments of Jilin Province supervised and inspected the health food "Ku Le Kang" capsules (approval number: Wei Shi Jian Zi [2002] No.0588) produced by Liaoning Health Weiye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., they found that the products marked with certain batch numbers contained chemical drugs. The capsule shells of samples with batch numbers of 20041201 (not for sale), 20040902 and 20041201 contain the chemical drug glibenclamide, and the capsule contents with batch number of 20050401 contain the chemical drug gliclazide.

　　○ On October 9, 2005, Jiangxi Food and Drug Administration announced that the law enforcement officers of Nanchang Food and Drug Administration had tested the drug "Tangbikang Jiangtangning Capsule" labeled as batch number 20050403082 produced by Jilin Shenhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: glibenclamide was illegally added to this Chinese patent medicine. (Reporter Roger Lee)

Editor: Liu Li

　　The brand awareness of Haier refrigerator is very high. Many people have heard that Haier Commander Refrigerator and Haier Refrigerator are the same. What is the difference between Haier Commander Refrigerator and Haier Refrigerator? Why is the price gap so big? The following small series will give you a specific analysis. Let’s take a look.

　　Haier tongshuai refrigerator

　　Commander-in-Chief is the third sub-brand of Haier Group after Haier and casarte, and it is a customized home appliance brand launched by Haier Group under the background of the Internet era. In 1998, the commander-in-chief brand was exported to the European market as an overseas marketing platform.

　　Haier Group products have three brands, Haier, casarte and Commander-in-Chief. Haier refrigerator and Haier Commander refrigerator are both brands of Haier refrigerators, but they are put into different markets. Commander series belongs to Haier’s low-end and mid-end brands. In the early stage, home appliances went to the countryside as Commander refrigerators, and casarte series was the high-end brand of refrigerators.

　　The product appearance of Haier refrigerator and Haier commander refrigerator may be different. Haier staff said that Haier’s commander-in-chief brand and Haier brand refrigerator are the same in terms of development and production technology, but the brands are different and the materials of some refrigerators are different. The product quality is the same, and the commander-in-chief also provides product customization.

　　Generally, Haier refrigerators have refrigerator specification labels (or refrigerator nameplates) attached to the inner wall of the refrigerating room or the back of the refrigerator, which indicate the specifications, models (such as "BCD-216YH silver gray" for a 216-liter silver gray refrigerator), power, circuit diagram and so on. Haier’s products exclusively used in urban and rural areas are generally not fully labeled or not labeled at all, but the performance of the products is the same as other products. For the refrigerators exclusively used, only the refrigerators are more suitable for the supply and demand sides.

　　The difference between Haier commander refrigerator and Haier refrigerator is here for everyone. You should be able to distinguish between the two refrigerators now, and also introduce the relationship between them. In the future, you can clearly distinguish when buying Haier refrigerator. I hope the content introduced above can help those in need.

The "Several Policies and Measures on Promoting the Stable Growth of Foreign Trade" issued by the Ministry of Commerce recently proposed to promote the development of cross-border e-commerce. The status and importance of cross-border e-commerce does not stop there. At present, it has been included as a new clause in some newly signed and escalating bilateral free trade agreements.

In recent years, new foreign trade formats and new modes have emerged in China, especially cross-border e-commerce, which has become a "new engine" to stimulate foreign trade growth with its rapid development. Relying on strong supply capacity, faster customs clearance efficiency and more cost-effective customized services, cross-border e-commerce is promoting more China products to link to the global market. Cross-border packages smoothly shuttle between more countries and regions, bringing China closer to the world.

"New clause" of FTA

Data show that in the first three quarters of this year, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in China increased by 11.5% year-on-year, accounting for nearly 6% of China’s foreign trade. As a new format and model in the field of foreign trade, the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce is a pragmatic achievement of China’s continuous expansion of high-level opening-up and promotion of bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation.

On November 14th, China and Peru signed a protocol to upgrade the FTA, adding five chapters to the original FTA, including e-commerce. On August 22nd, the joint communique between China and the Belarusian government pointed out that the two sides will strengthen cooperation in the field of e-commerce and encourage Belarusian enterprises to enter the major e-commerce platforms in China … Recently, the newly signed bilateral free trade agreement or the upgraded free trade agreement has included cross-border e-commerce as a new clause, which has injected momentum into the development of cross-border e-commerce between China and its free trade partners.

"The inclusion of cross-border e-commerce as a new clause in the bilateral free trade agreement has released a new signal that China attaches great importance to the role of cross-border e-commerce in international trade and regards it as an important tool to promote trade liberalization and facilitation." Hong Yong, a think tank expert of China Digital and Real Integration 50 Forum, told the International Business Daily reporter.

"This is a very positive signal." Wang Chunming, executive director and general manager of Harbin Fuhuo International Supply Chain Co., Ltd., told the International Business Daily that the inclusion of cross-border e-commerce in the terms of the bilateral free trade agreement not only simplifies the trade process of enterprises, reduces the barriers to cross-border transactions of enterprises, but also deepens the cooperation between enterprises and other countries in e-commerce. "On the other hand, this move also shows that while promoting the high-quality development of foreign trade, China has taken the digital economy and cross-border e-commerce as a key link in its future development, which is bound to promote more enterprises to participate in the international market."

In Hong Yong’s view, this move also reflects China’s determination to play a more active role in global digital economic governance and trade rule-making. "China has always been committed to jointly formulating rules through international cooperation to promote the healthy and orderly development of cross-border e-commerce."

Cross-border e-commerce "acceleration"

"Our e-commerce sales have nearly tripled year-on-year, and the logistics speed has been shortened from more than 40 days to about 25 days now." Wang Chunming said that the company’s latest batch of orders were delivered from Belarus to Erenhot, and the goods were distributed to all parts of the country after unloading. "Five cars were delivered this morning, and four cars will be’ taken’ later."

There are many foreign trade enterprises like Wang Chunming that enjoy the dividend of cross-border e-commerce development. In Guangzhou and Baiyun Airport Comprehensive Bonded Zone, batches of small packages imported directly by cross-border e-commerce such as beauty and skin care products and clothing accessories were sorted and sent to all parts of the country. In Sichuan, in eight provincial-level cross-border e-commerce industrial parks, 400 cross-border e-commerce source factories operate efficiently, and batches of products with Bashu characteristics go overseas from here.

Since 2014, cross-border e-commerce has been written into the government work report for 11 consecutive years. From 1.06 trillion yuan in 2018 to 2.38 trillion yuan in 2023, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in China increased by 1.2 times in five years.

Hong Yong believes that the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce in China is mainly due to its ability to effectively reduce transaction costs, shorten transaction chains, improve transaction efficiency, and meet the personalized and diversified needs of consumers.

According to customs statistics, in the first eight months of this year, there were 630,000 foreign trade business entities with import and export performance in China, up 8.8% year-on-year. According to preliminary statistics, the number of cross-border e-commerce entities in China has exceeded 120,000, and the number of cross-border e-commerce industrial parks has exceeded 1,000. Relying on 165 cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test zones in China, cross-border e-commerce has driven more enterprises from various industrial belts to participate in international trade.

Wang Chunming said that these data reflect the great changes in global consumption and trade patterns. "In the past, international trade mainly relied on traditional channels and logistics models. Nowadays, consumers can purchase global goods more conveniently through e-commerce platforms, and enterprises can also use e-commerce platforms to break geographical restrictions and enter the international market."

However, the industry has also noticed that the development of cross-border e-commerce still faces some challenges, such as the inconvenience of cross-border exchange, the need to improve cross-border e-commerce service capabilities, and differences in laws and regulations. In the next step, how to promote the "new engine" with high quality is the key to the industry’s stability and far-reaching.

In this regard, Wang Chunming suggested: First, strengthen policy coordination with other countries, increase the promotion of overseas markets, and promote more cross-border e-commerce enterprises to enter the international market. The second is to promote the combination of cross-border e-commerce platforms and localized services to help domestic enterprises better adapt to the international market, especially to provide more support in product compliance and payment security. "Only when policy, technology and market work together can we provide a better ecological environment for cross-border e-commerce and further promote its healthy and sustainable development."

Hong Yong suggested that the first is to strengthen infrastructure construction, such as improving domestic and international logistics networks and improving the security and convenience of cross-border payment systems. The second is to optimize the policy environment and reduce the operating costs of cross-border e-commerce enterprises through measures such as decentralization and reduction of examination and approval links. The third is to strengthen personnel training and technical support, establish a training mechanism for cross-border e-commerce professionals, and promote the application of technological innovation. Fourth, strengthen international cooperation, actively participate in the formulation of international rules, and create a fairer and more transparent external environment for cross-border e-commerce enterprises.