BEIJING, March 1st (Xinhua)-On the 1st, at the press conference on the theme of "Authoritative Department Begins" held by the State Council Office, Jin Zhuanglong, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology would anchor the strategic goals of manufacturing power, network power and digital China, take digital technology innovation breakthrough and application expansion as the main direction, and increase the integrated development of informationization and industrialization. Generally speaking, it is mainly in three aspects: one is the network platform, the other is the digital industry, and the other is the integrated development.

　　The first aspect is to solidly promote the construction of network infrastructure. China has built the world’s largest and technologically advanced network infrastructure, with Gigabit access capacity covering all prefecture-level cities. This year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will further implement the construction of Gigabit cities. Not long ago, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a Gigabit City Summit Forum to guide all localities and enterprises to speed up construction investment and accelerate the deep coverage of 5G and Gigabit optical networks. Study and formulate an action plan for the development of computing infrastructure and strengthen the construction of industrial Internet infrastructure.

　　The second aspect is to accelerate the development of the core industries of the digital economy. In 2022, China’s electronic information manufacturing industry achieved an operating income of 15.4 trillion yuan, and the software business income reached 10.8 trillion yuan, which laid a solid industrial and technical foundation for the integrated development of informationization and industrialization. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will accelerate the development of emerging digital industries such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, cloud computing and network security, guide and support enterprises to increase investment in research and development, and improve the industrial level of communication equipment, core electronic components and ultra-high definition display. Promote the high-quality development of integrated circuits and industrial software industries. Build characteristic software colleges with high standards and create a number of famous software parks in China.

　　The third aspect is to vigorously promote the digital transformation of manufacturing industry. Study and formulate a roadmap for digital transformation of key industries and cultivate a number of digital transformation benchmarks. Promote the 5G Sailing Action Plan, deepen the integrated application of "5G+ Industrial Internet", promote the popularization and application of industrial Internet to industrial parks, and build a number of 5G fully connected factories. We will implement the smart manufacturing partner program and standard pilot actions, build a number of world-leading smart factories and smart supply chains, and develop new models and formats such as service-oriented manufacturing.

Order of Beijing Municipal People’s Government

　　No.181 　

　　"Measures for the prevention and control of environmental noise pollution in Beijing" has been adopted at the fifty-sixth executive meeting of the Municipal People’s Government on November 17, 2006, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of January 1, 2007.

　　Mayor Wang Qishan

　　November 27th, 2006

　　Measures of Beijing Municipality for the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution

Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 In order to prevent and control environmental noise pollution, protect and improve the living environment, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution and combined with the actual situation of this Municipality.

　　Article 2 These Measures shall apply to the prevention and control of environmental noise pollution within the administrative area of this Municipality.

　　Article 3 District and county people’s governments shall be responsible for the quality of acoustic environment within their respective administrative areas.

　　The municipal, district and county environmental protection administrative departments shall exercise unified supervision and management over the prevention and control of environmental noise pollution within their respective administrative areas.

　　The public security department is responsible for the supervision and management of social life noise and motor vehicle noise pollution prevention and control.

　　Road administrative departments are responsible for the supervision and management of noise pollution prevention and control of roads and urban rail transit.

　　The administrative department of quality and technical supervision shall supervise and manage the noise limits specified in the standards for industrial products and equipment.

　　Railway and civil aviation administrative departments shall, according to their respective responsibilities, supervise and manage the prevention and control of noise pollution of trains and civil aircraft respectively.

　　Planning, construction, industry and commerce, culture and other departments shall supervise and manage the prevention and control of environmental noise pollution according to their respective responsibilities.

　　Article 4 Residents’ committees and villagers’ committees shall assist the government and relevant departments in the supervision and management of noise pollution in residential areas and mediate disputes arising from noise among neighbors.

　　Article 5 All units and individuals have the obligation to protect the environment from noise pollution, and have the right to complain and report to the units and individuals that produce environmental noise pollution.

Chapter II Supervision and Administration of the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution

　　Article 6 The district and county people’s governments shall, according to the standards of urban planning and acoustic environmental quality, delimit the applicable areas of various acoustic environmental quality standards within their respective administrative areas, and announce them to the public, and report them to the municipal environmental protection administrative department for the record.

　　The applicable area of environmental standards for aircraft noise around the airport shall be delineated by the municipal environmental protection administrative department in conjunction with the relevant municipal administrative departments and the relevant district and county people’s governments, and shall be implemented after being approved by the Municipal People’s government.

　　Article 7 When determining the construction layout, the planning administrative department shall reasonably delimit the noise-proof distance between the building and the traffic trunk line and put forward the corresponding planning and design requirements according to the national and municipal acoustic environment quality standards and the sound insulation design specifications for civil buildings.

　　Eighth new construction, renovation and expansion of construction projects that may produce noise pollution shall abide by the provisions of the state on environmental protection management of construction projects, and solicit the opinions of residents and units in the region before applying for environmental impact assessment and approval.

　　Article 9 The sound insulation quality of newly-built civil buildings to external environmental noise and supporting public facilities such as water supply, heating, elevators and ventilation shall conform to the relevant national and municipal standards.

　　The planning administrative department shall strengthen the supervision of the implementation of the mandatory standards for the design quality of building sound insulation; The construction administrative department shall strengthen the supervision of the implementation of the mandatory standards for the construction quality of building sound insulation.

　　Article 10 Enterprises and institutions that cause serious environmental noise pollution in areas where noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated shall be ordered to treat within a time limit. Units that have been treated within a time limit shall complete the treatment tasks on schedule.

　　The deadline for the management of small enterprises and institutions shall be decided by the district and county environmental protection administrative departments. During the period of treatment within a time limit, the unit that has been treated within a time limit may be ordered to stop using the equipment and facilities that produce noise pollution or limit the running time of the equipment and facilities.

　　Eleventh residential buildings are not allowed to set up restaurants and entertainment places that may produce noise pollution.

　　When selling new residential buildings, the real estate development enterprise shall clearly indicate the building sound insulation situation of the residential buildings sold and the acoustic environment of the place where it is located.

　　Twelfth environmental protection administrative departments have the right to conduct on-site inspections of environmental noise pollution prevention and control units that emit environmental noise. If serious noise pollution is found in equipment and facilities during on-site inspection, it may be ordered to stop using the equipment and facilities or limit the running time of the equipment and facilities. The inspected unit shall stop or use the equipment and facilities within the specified time.

　　The units under inspection shall truthfully reflect the prevention and control of environmental noise pollution and provide necessary information on the prevention and control of environmental noise pollution.

　　Thirteenth environmental protection administrative departments to conduct on-site inspection of environmental noise pollution prevention and control, should produce valid law enforcement certificates, and keep the technical and commercial secrets for the inspected.

　　Fourteenth environmental protection administrative departments and other departments responsible for the supervision and management of noise pollution prevention and control shall announce to the public the names and contact information of the institutions responsible for accepting noise pollution complaints and reports.

Chapter III Prevention and Control of Construction Noise Pollution

　　Fifteenth construction work to the surrounding living environment, the construction unit shall take effective measures to prevent and control noise pollution, so that the noise emissions meet the national standards for environmental noise emission at the construction site. The cost of taking noise pollution prevention measures is included in the project cost.

　　Article 16 The construction unit shall formulate a management system for the prevention and control of noise pollution on the construction site and make a public announcement, and arrange the noise-producing equipment and facilities on the side far away from the residential area.

　　Seventeenth senior high school entrance examination, college entrance examination and other special periods stipulated by the Municipal People’s government, in addition to emergency repair, it is forbidden to engage in noise-producing construction work in the concentrated area of noise-sensitive buildings.

　　Eighteenth noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated in the area, and it is forbidden to carry out construction operations that produce noise pollution at night. However, the key projects of the state and this Municipality, emergency repair and rescue operations, and continuous operations due to production process requirements and other special needs are excluded.

　　If it is really necessary to carry out construction work at night for key projects of the state and this Municipality due to production process requirements or other special needs, it shall obtain the approval document issued by the construction administrative department where the project is located.

　　Nineteenth night construction work, it should be announced to the surrounding residents. The contents of the announcement include: the name of the construction project, the name of the construction unit, the approval number of night construction, the start and end time of night construction, the content of night construction, the person in charge of the site and its contact information, and the supervision telephone number.

Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Traffic Noise Pollution

　　Article 20 When newly built, rebuilt or expanded expressways, expressways, trunk roads, urban elevated roads, railways and urban tracks pass through areas where existing noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated, noise pollution prevention measures shall be taken. The cost of taking noise pollution prevention measures is included in the project cost.

　　Twenty-first in the construction of noise-sensitive structures on both sides of existing roads, railways and urban tracks, the construction unit shall take necessary measures to prevent and control noise pollution. Make the indoor acoustic environment quality in noise-sensitive structures meet the national standards.

　　Article 22 The noise emission of motor vehicles in use in this Municipality shall conform to the noise emission standards for motor vehicles in use stipulated by the state.

　　In-use motor vehicle silencers and other noise pollution prevention and control equipment should be used normally, and modification, removal or idleness are prohibited.

　　It is forbidden to install and use external audio equipment except special vehicles. Special vehicles equipped with external audio equipment shall be used in accordance with regulations.

　　Article 23 The public security department may, according to the needs, designate road sections where traffic is restricted at night and areas where honking is prohibited around residential areas, and clearly define the time periods when traffic is restricted and honking is prohibited.

　　Twenty-fourth motor vehicle parking lot, waiting station, should choose a reasonable location or take other effective measures to reduce the impact of noise generated by vehicles on the surrounding living environment.

　　Twenty-fifth railway locomotives in the city built-up area, should be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the city to limit the whistle.

　　Article 26 When formulating flight procedures at airports, relevant departments should consider the impact of noise and try to avoid areas where noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated.

　　When a civil aircraft takes off, lands or flies at low altitude, it shall abide by the prescribed flight procedures.

　　Twenty-seventh in the construction of buildings in the area where the aircraft noise environmental standards are applicable, the provisions of the applicable areas of the corresponding standards shall be implemented.

Chapter V Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution in Social Life

　　Twenty-eighth it is forbidden for any unit or individual to use audio equipment that interferes with others in areas where noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated. However, in the following circumstances, it is allowed to be used for a certain period of time, and the volume is controlled:　

　　(a) large-scale social activities approved according to law;

　　(2) Class and break exercise;

　　(3) Emergency situations such as emergency rescue and disaster relief.

　　It is forbidden for commercial activities to use audio equipment outdoors or to attract customers by other methods of making noise and interfere with the surrounding living environment.

　　Twenty-ninth in the streets, squares, parks and other public places to organize entertainment, assembly and other activities, the use of household appliances, musical instruments and other audio equipment, should be controlled to avoid interference with the surrounding living environment.

　　Thirtieth processing, maintenance, catering, entertainment, fitness, supermarkets and other commercial service operators should take effective measures to prevent noise from production and business activities from interfering with the surrounding living environment.

　　Article 31 Where air conditioners, cooling towers and other equipment and facilities that may produce environmental noise pollution are used in commercial activities, their managers shall take effective measures to make their boundary noise meet the environmental noise emission standards stipulated by the state.

　　Thirty-second motor vehicle burglar alarms produced and sold in this Municipality shall meet the standards prescribed by the state.

　　Motor vehicles in this Municipality are not allowed to install and use motor vehicle burglar alarms that do not meet the standards.

　　The municipal administrative department of quality and technical supervision shall announce to the public the motor vehicle burglar alarm that does not meet the standard.

　　Thirty-third in the area where noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated, no noise shall be generated when setting or lifting the motor vehicle alert or looking for a car.

　　After the vehicle burglar alarm sounds, the user should deal with it in time to avoid disturbing the surrounding living environment by ringing for a long time.

　　Thirty-fourth use of household appliances, musical instruments or other indoor entertainment activities, should control the volume or take other effective measures to avoid interference with the surrounding living environment.

　　Thirty-fifth statutory rest days, holidays and working days from 12: 00 to 14: 00, from 18: 00 to 8: 00 the next day, it is forbidden to carry out decoration work that produces noise in residential buildings that have been completed and delivered. If renovation work is carried out in other time periods, measures shall be taken to reduce the interference to the surrounding living environment.

　　If renovation work is carried out in other buildings that have been completed and delivered for use, measures shall be taken to reduce the interference to the surrounding living environment.

Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Thirty-sixth in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of article tenth of these measures, did not complete the task of governance, by the competent administrative department of environmental protection at a fine of 30 thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the municipal or district/county people’s government shall order it to suspend business, relocate or close down.

　　Thirty-seventh in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 12 of these measures, the inspected unit fails to stop or use the equipment and facilities that cause serious noise pollution within the specified time, and the competent administrative department of environmental protection shall impose a fine of not more than 30,000 yuan.

　　Article 38 In violation of the provisions of Article 16 of these measures, if the construction unit fails to formulate the management system for the prevention and control of noise pollution on the construction site and fails to arrange the noise-producing equipment and facilities far away from the residential area, the comprehensive law enforcement department of urban management shall order it to make corrections and may impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan.

　　Article 39 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Article 17 of these measures, engages in noise-producing construction operations in noise-sensitive buildings concentrated areas during the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination and other special periods stipulated by the Municipal People’s Government, shall be ordered by the comprehensive law enforcement department of urban management to stop the illegal act and be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan.

　　Fortieth in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 18 of these measures, without obtaining the approval documents for night construction, the comprehensive law enforcement department of urban management shall order it to stop the illegal act and impose a fine of 10,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan.

　　Forty-first in violation of the provisions of article nineteenth of these measures, the night construction work did not announce the relevant contents to the surrounding residents, and the comprehensive law enforcement department of urban management shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of more than 5,000 yuan in 1000 yuan.

　　Article 42 If, in violation of the provisions of Article 30 of these Measures, operators of processing, maintenance, catering, entertainment, fitness, supermarkets and other commercial services fail to take effective measures, and noise generated by production and business activities interferes with the surrounding living environment, the competent administrative department of environmental protection shall order them to make corrections; Refuses to correct, a fine of 30 thousand yuan.

　　Forty-third in violation of the provisions of these measures, one of the following acts shall be given a warning by the public security department, and if it is not corrected after the warning, it shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan:

　　(a) the use of audio equipment that interferes with the surrounding living environment in areas where noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated;

　　(2) Commercial activities use audio equipment outdoors or use other noise-making methods to attract customers and interfere with the surrounding living environment;

　　(three) in the streets, squares, parks and other public places to organize entertainment, assembly and other activities, the use of audio equipment, noise interference around the living environment;

　　(four) not in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of article thirty-third of these measures in a timely manner, the motor vehicle burglar alarm sounded for a long time, which interfered with the surrounding living environment;

　　(five) did not control the volume or take measures in accordance with the provisions of article thirty-fourth of these measures, and the noise emitted from the family room interfered with the surrounding living environment;

　　(six) failing to carry out decoration work in accordance with the provisions of article thirty-fifth, which interferes with the surrounding living environment.

　　Forty-fourth in violation of these measures, in accordance with the planning, construction, industry and commerce, culture, transportation, quality and technical supervision and other relevant laws, regulations and rules should be dealt with, by the relevant departments in accordance with the law.

　　Forty-fifth units and individuals that are harmed by environmental noise pollution have the right to ask the perpetrators to eliminate the harm; Causing losses, have the right to claim compensation according to law.

　　Disputes over the liability for compensation and the amount of compensation may be settled through mediation by the competent administrative department of environmental protection or other supervisory and administrative departments, institutions and people’s mediation committees for the prevention and control of environmental noise pollution at the request of the parties concerned; If mediation fails, the parties may bring a suit in a people’s court. The parties may also directly bring a suit in a people’s court.

　　Article 46 If an administrative organ and its staff who are responsible for the supervision and management of the prevention and control of environmental noise pollution fail to perform their duties in accordance with the law, resulting in serious consequences, the competent administrative organ at a higher level or the supervisory organ shall order it to make corrections, and the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible persons shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 47 These Measures shall come into force as of January 1, 2007. The Interim Measures for the Administration of Environmental Noise in Beijing promulgated by the Municipal People’s Government on March 8, 1984 and revised by the Municipal People’s Government on December 31, 1997 shall be abolished at the same time. 　

[Editor’s Note] "We should develop traditional Chinese medicine, pay attention to interpreting the principles of traditional Chinese medicine with modern science, and take the road of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine." On May 12th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once again asked about Chinese medicine during his inspection tour in Nanyang City, Henan Province, and put forward new and clear requirements for the further development of Chinese medicine.

Inheriting the essence, the development of traditional Chinese medicine can go back to ancient times; The development of traditional Chinese medicine will be clear and turbulent only when it is upright and innovative. Combined with the outstanding performance and experience of Chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 epidemic, many Chinese medicine experts who have participated in the first-line anti-epidemic talk about their experiences, offering suggestions and suggestions for the high-quality development of Chinese medicine and protecting the health of all mankind.

Liu Qingquan, Dean of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University. Photo courtesy of respondents

"The future development of Chinese medicine is to be brave and dare to combine with modern science and technology, and to be good at using modern science and technology language to make the oldest theory of Chinese medicine clear and clear, so that Chinese medicine can truly become a world medicine and a medical system that can be used by all countries and ethnic groups." Combined with the treatment of COVID-19 epidemic, Liu Qingquan, president of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, said that the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine is very important for the development of traditional Chinese medicine, and it may form a new medicine in the future. It not only has the traditional theoretical advantages of Chinese medicine classics, but also embodies the connotation of modern science and technology; It is neither classical Chinese medicine nor modern western medicine, but a complete medical system with complementary advantages.

On February 15th, 2020, in beijing ditan hospital, a pharmacist dispensed medicine for COVID-19 patients in a traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Huanzong photo

The experience of Chinese and western collaborative treatment lays the foundation for the formation of new medicine.

In the process of fighting against the epidemic in COVID-19, the effective prescription of traditional Chinese medicine-"three drugs and three parties" screened out by clinic has played an important role.

Liu Qingquan, who once served as an expert in Hubei Central Steering Group and deputy head of the national expert group on medical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, said that "three drugs and three parties" is actually a classic theory of China traditional Chinese medicine, a treatment method based on the experience of traditional Chinese medicine in treating plague for thousands of years, and a model for coping with new diseases.

"Through the analysis of COVID-19’s clinical characteristics, we have formed the idea that we can combine various effective prescriptions to treat, thus forming the basic idea of’ three parties and three drugs’, that is, according to the changes of etiology and different stages of illness, we can adjust and combine to form effective treatment methods. This proves the greatness and correctness of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and verifies that it conforms to scientific laws. " Liu Qingquan said.

"In the process of using’ three parties and three drugs’ treatment, we have also preliminarily explored and mastered some theoretical data of treating COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicine. These studies prove that the basis of treating COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicine is scientifically explained from different aspects, such as the adjustment of immune system and inflammatory system, which are the important pathological links that cause the disease to change, get worse and worse during the onset of COVID-19." Liu Qingquan analysis.

"In terms of coordinated treatment of Chinese and Western medicine, Chinese and Western medicine have their own strengths, and ultimately played a very important role in improving the success rate of severe and critical care and reducing the mortality rate, which proved the internal theoretical basis of coordinated treatment of Chinese and Western medicine and made some necessary preparations for exploring the organic integration of Chinese and Western medicine to form a new medicine." Liu Qingquan pointed out.

On February 25th, 2020, in Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital, Zhan Min (right), a medical staff member of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, performed acupoint application therapy for COVID-19 patients. Xinhua News Agency reporter Shen Bohan photo

Exploration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shelter Hospital Model of Infectious Diseases Hospital with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

In the process of Chinese medicine participating in Wuhan epidemic prevention and control and clinical treatment, Fangcang Hospital has become a medical pioneering work in a special period.

Liu Qingquan, a former president of Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital, was deeply touched by the experience of Chinese medicine taking over Fangcang Hospital. He said that the establishment of the shelter hospital is a very effective way to deal with sudden large-scale infectious diseases. In the shelter hospital, the treatment of light and ordinary patients with traditional Chinese medicine can effectively speed up the improvement of patients’ condition, reduce the occurrence of severe and critical diseases and reduce the mortality rate. In addition, because the source of infection is cut off in time, the control of virus transmission also plays a very important role.

Liu Qingquan believes that the experience and achievements gained by taking over Fangcang Hospital with traditional Chinese medicine technology to treat light and ordinary patients in COVID-19 have paved the way for the state to support the establishment of infectious disease hospitals and specialized hospitals with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. This will enable the future to quickly form a powerful force of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine, whether dealing with common infectious diseases or sudden new infectious diseases.

On May 23, 2021, the doctor set up the automatic decocting machine in Yingkou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning Province. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pan Xiaolong photo

Increase investment to support the construction of Chinese medicine institutions and Chinese medicine research.

Nowadays, in the treatment of many local epidemics distributed in China, the treatment scheme of traditional Chinese medicine is becoming more and more perfect and mature, and has achieved very good results. The methods of classified treatment and management of traditional Chinese medicine have become more and more popular and have become the consensus of the medical community.

"Compared with this treatment effect, there are too few medical institutions of Chinese medicine, which is a limitation to the role of Chinese medicine and its future development." Liu Qingquan called on the state to increase investment in TCM research and institution building. In dealing with infectious diseases, it is hoped that the state can support the establishment of infectious disease hospitals in mature areas with traditional Chinese medicine or integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Liu Qingquan said that infectious diseases are the public enemy of mankind, regardless of Chinese medicine and western medicine, regardless of population and race. Therefore, I hope that China can make achievements in the construction of infectious disease hospitals with traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and set an example for promoting the development of China medicine and even the world medicine. I hope that colleagues of Chinese and Western medicine can work together in Qi Xin to seize the opportunity and let the development of traditional Chinese medicine enter a new era.

Recently, the China Breast Cancer Screening Standard (T/CPMA 014-2020) proposed by China National Cancer Center was published online in chinese journal of cancer prevention and treatment. The correspondent is Professor He Jie, director of National Cancer Center and academician of China Academy of Sciences.

As a common cancer, according to the latest global cancer burden data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization in 2020, there were 2.26 million new breast cancer cases in the world in 2020, surpassing lung cancer (2.21 million cases) for the first time, becoming the largest cancer in the world, accounting for 11.7% of new cancer cases. Among the newly diagnosed cancer patients, one in every eight is a breast cancer patient. China is a big country with breast cancer. In 2020, there will be about 420,000 new cases of breast cancer and nearly 120,000 deaths.

Screening, improving the detection rate of early breast cancer and precancerous lesions, and timely and effective treatment are important measures to improve the prognosis of breast cancer and reduce the risk of death. The standards put forward suggestions on the population, measures, results and management of breast cancer screening in China. We have sorted out the relevant contents, hoping to help you better understand the knowledge of breast cancer screening.

Image source: 123RF

Who should have breast cancer screening?

The standard suggests that people at high risk of breast cancer should be screened from the age of 40; The general risk population (all school-age women except the high-risk population) should be screened for breast cancer between 45 and 70 years old.

High-risk population

Women who meet any of the following conditions 1, 2 and 3 are at high risk of breast cancer.

1. Women with genetic family history, that is, women with any of the following: 1) First-degree relatives (mothers, daughters and sisters) have a history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer; 2) Among the second-degree relatives (aunts, grandmothers and grandmothers), two or more people suffered from breast cancer before the age of 50; 3) Among the second-degree relatives, 2 or more have ovarian cancer before the age of 50; 4) At least one first-degree relative carries a known pathogenic genetic mutation of BRCA1/2 gene, or carries a pathogenic genetic mutation of BRCA1/2 gene himself.

2. Have any of the following: 1) Age of menarche ≤12 years old; 2) menopausal age ≥55 years old; 3) Have a history of breast biopsy or surgery for benign breast diseases, or a history of atypical hyperplasia of breast (lobules or ducts) confirmed by pathology; 4) Use hormone replacement therapy of "estrogen and progesterone combination" for not less than half a year; 5) X-ray examination of breast after 45 years old suggests that the type of breast parenchyma (or breast density) is uneven compactness or compactness.

Note: Breast parenchyma types can be divided into fat type, scattered fibrous gland type, heterogeneous dense type (which may cover small masses) and dense type (which reduces the sensitivity of breast cancer detection).

3. Those who have any of the following two items: 1) No breast-feeding history or breast-feeding time less than 4 months; 2) No history of live birth (including never giving birth, abortion or stillbirth) or the age of first live birth ≥30 years old; 3) hormone replacement therapy using only "estrogen" for not less than half a year; 4) Abortion (including natural abortion and induced abortion) shall not be less than 2 times.

Image source: 123RF

How to screen?

General risk population: breast ultrasound examination should be performed every 1-2 years; If you do not have the conditions for breast ultrasound examination, you should use mammography.

High-risk population: breast ultrasound combined with mammography is performed once a year.

How to understand the screening results?

Classification of diagnostic results of mammography

The diagnostic results of mammography are usually classified by the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), which is formulated by American Radiological Society (ACR) and widely used internationally.

1. BI-RADS 0: The existing image failed to complete the evaluation, and other image examinations need to be added.

2. BI-RADS 1: normal, no abnormality was found in mammography. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

3. BI-RADS 2: Benign findings, with definite benign changes and no malignant signs. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

4. BI-RADS 3: Benign lesions that may be large. 0% < malignant possibility ≤2%.

5. BI-RADS 4: Suspected malignant lesions, but without typical malignant signs. 2% < malignant possibility < 95%.

6. BI-RADS 4A: low-grade suspected malignancy. 2% < malignant possibility ≤10%.

7. BI-RADS 4B: moderately suspected malignant. 10% < malignant possibility ≤50%.

8. BI-RADS 4C: highly suspected malignant. 50% < malignant possibility < 95%.

9. BI-RADS 5: Highly suggestive of malignant lesions with typical imaging features of breast cancer. Malignant possibility ≥95%.

Image source: 123RF

Classification of ultrasonic diagnosis results of breast

The classification of ultrasound evaluation refers to the screening of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the BI-RADS classification standard proposed by American Radiological Society.

1. BI-RADS 0: The diagnostic information obtained by ultrasound is incomplete and cannot be evaluated, and it needs to be evaluated after other imaging examinations.

2. BI-RADS 1: negative, no abnormality was found by ultrasound. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

3. BI-RADS 2: Benign lesions, with definite benign changes and no malignant signs. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

4. BI-RADS 3: Benign lesions that may be large. 0% < malignant possibility ≤2%.

5. BI-RADS 4: Suspected malignant lesions, but without typical malignant signs. 2% < malignant possibility < 95%.

6. BI-RADS 4A: low-grade suspected malignancy. 2% < malignant possibility ≤10%.

7. BI-RADS 4B: moderately suspected malignant. 10% < malignant possibility ≤50%.

8. BI-RADS 4C: highly suspected malignant. 50% < malignant possibility < 95%.

9. BI-RADS 5: Highly suggestive of malignant lesions with typical imaging features of breast cancer. Malignant possibility ≥95%.

Image source: 123RF

Screening result management

1. BI-RADS 1 and BI-RADS 2 need no special treatment.

2.　BI-RADS 3：

The evaluation of mammography is BI-RADS 3, so it is advisable to reexamine the breast on the lesion side at the next 6 months, and reexamine the breast on both sides at the 12th and 24th months.

If the lesion remains stable, it can continue to be reexamined, and if it has not changed for 2-3 years, it can be reduced to BI-RADS 2. If the lesion disappears or shrinks during the reexamination, it can be directly evaluated as BI-RADS 2 or BI-RADS 1. Biopsy should be considered if suspicious findings are found in the lesions during the reexamination.

The breast ultrasound evaluation is BI-RADS 3, so it is advisable to have breast ultrasound reexamination in 3-6 months, and it can be reduced to BI-RADS 2 if there is no change after 2 years of follow-up.

3. BI-RADS 4A: Further imaging examination and biopsy are needed.

4. BI-RADS 4B: Further imaging examination is needed, and biopsy is appropriate.

5. BI-RADS 4C and BI-RADS 5: Biopsy should be performed.

Image source: 123RF

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According to the standard, the breast physiological characteristics and breast cancer epidemic characteristics of women in China are quite different from those in western countries, so we can’t copy foreign experience. Establishing breast cancer screening standards suitable for women in China will play an important role in improving the scientificity, feasibility and practicability of breast cancer screening and reducing the incidence and mortality of breast cancer.

reference data

[1] He Jie, et al.,(2021). China female breast cancer screening standard (T/CPMA 014-2020). chinese journal of cancer prevention and treatment, DOI: 10.16073/J.CNKI.CJCPT.2021.01.02.

[2] Latest global cancer data: Cancer burden rises to 19.3 million new cases and 10.0 million cancer deaths in 2020. Retrieved Nov 16 ,2020, from https://www.iarc.fr/fr/news-events/latest-global-cancer-data-cancer-burden-rises-to-19-3-million-new-cases-and-10-0-million-cancer-deaths-in-2020/

Note: The purpose of this article is to introduce the progress of medical health research, not to recommend treatment schemes. For guidance on treatment plan, please go to a regular hospital.

　　Authors: Yang Haojie (Ph.D., Institute of Curriculum Textbooks, Ministry of Education) and He Chenggang (Researcher, Institute of Curriculum Textbooks, Ministry of Education)

　　Recently, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, together with the Ministry of Education, has published an Introduction to Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as "Introduction"), which is a key measure to further promote the introduction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era into teaching materials, into the classroom and into the mind, to better implement the fundamental task of educating people, and to meet the people’s needs for high-quality teaching materials. The publication of Introduction is an important event in the political life of the party and the country, an important event in the teaching work of teachers and a happy event in the study of hundreds of millions of young students. It is necessary to fully understand the great significance of the textbook Introduction in cultivating people with the innovative theory of the party, guiding young students to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, and striving to become a new person of the times who is responsible for national rejuvenation, highlighting the word "research" and further using the textbook well.

　　Adhere to the "three bases" and study the teaching materials in depth.

　　Introduction consists of three parts: introduction, 17 chapters and conclusion, which comprehensively reflects the latest achievements of the modernization of Marxism in China, great practice and great changes in the new era, and is a consensus research achievement in academic circles, with authority. The vast number of front-line teachers at all levels and schools in China should study textbooks, not only by reading one step first, but also by studying one level in depth, and even more by understanding one level in detail, so as to get into their minds and hearts.

　　First of all, based on the history of the party’s unity and leading the people for more than a hundred years, we should study the teaching materials comprehensively.Grasp the theme, main line and main content of the textbook "Introduction" as a whole, grasp the theoretical panorama of the latest achievements in the modernization of Marxism in China, and make sure that you really learn, believe and use it.

　　Secondly, based on the great practice and great changes in the new era in the past ten years, we should study the teaching materials in depth.Summarize and clarify the basic context of the textbook "Introduction", strengthen the thinking of historical logic in great practice, realistic logic in great change and theoretical logic in great achievements, so that history, reality and theory can "complement each other" in the textbook.

　　Thirdly, based on the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world for a hundred years, systematically study the teaching materials.Under the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, we will study and analyze the complex international situation and great risks and challenges we are facing with a developmental vision and a comparative attitude, deepen our understanding of the great struggle, great project, great cause and great dream of the Party leading the people in the new era, constantly enhance our road, theory, system and cultural identity, and strengthen our "four self-confidences".

　　Adhere to the "three unifications" and study textbooks on special topics.

　　The textbook "Introduction" adheres to the educational law, highlights the teaching orientation, pays attention to being close to the cognitive characteristics of young students, and adapts to the acceptance habits of young people. It is an essential book and core textbook for cultivating young students to become builders and successors of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and has applicability. As the first unified textbook that comprehensively and systematically expounds the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, colleges and universities across the country should adhere to the "three unifications" to organize special research textbooks, and generally explain the background and actual needs of the unified compilation of textbooks, the framework and theoretical innovation of textbook compilation, so as to provide scientific methodological guidance for teaching courses and using textbooks well.

　　First, we must adhere to the unity of politics and academic rationality.Deal with the dialectical relationship between firm ideals and beliefs and firm truth and beliefs. Believing in truth is the basis and premise of firm ideals and beliefs. Studying textbooks is to profoundly understand the truth power and practical power of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, strengthen Marxist beliefs, the lofty ideals of communism and the common ideals of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and further strengthen ideals and beliefs.

　　Second, we must adhere to the unity of value and knowledge.Deal with the dialectical relationship between the principle of reading the original text and learning the course materials. Studying the course materials should be combined with learning the basic principles of Marxism, the principle of reading the original text and learning the "five histories". We should not only learn the main contents of the teaching materials, but also grasp the ideological science system and understand the theoretical philosophy of truth contained in the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

　　Third, we must adhere to the unity of theory and practice.Dealing with the dialectical relationship between theoretical guidance and practical development, the purpose of learning is to apply it, and to talk about the theoretical value of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, guiding practical development to achieve historic changes and achievements in detail, so as to enhance the sense of practical acquisition, ability improvement and motivation of young people in the new era.

　　Adhere to the "three focuses" and organize research teaching materials

　　Introduction is an important achievement in promoting the construction of the teaching material system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics, which reflects the requirements for the integrated education of ideological and political courses in universities, primary and secondary schools, and provides a model for strengthening the construction and management of teaching materials in the new era. The professional research platform of national curriculum textbooks, the key research bases of textbook construction and the textbook research institutions in colleges and universities should gather capable forces to study the textbook Introduction, focus on the major theoretical and practical problems of textbook construction, sort out and summarize mature experiences, summarize and refine basic laws, and promote the construction of a high-quality textbook system to serve and support the high-quality development of education.

　　First, focus on the innovation of teaching material construction mechanism,Carefully sort out all the links in the whole process of management research for editing and reviewing the textbook Introduction, and study the innovative practices and effective experiences in the mechanism of the textbook Introduction from the aspects of writing needs, implementation plan, team formation, discussion and review, publication and use tracking, so as to create an era model for the construction and management of the textbook.

　　Second, focus on the realization of teaching materials to educate people.Accurately grasp the functional orientation of the textbook "Introduction" to cultivate new people in the era, and study the core leading role of the textbook "Introduction" in curriculum integration, teaching integration, evaluation integration and goal integration according to the requirements of ideological and political courses integration in universities, primary and secondary schools, so as to lay the foundation for the realization of all-round education, whole-process education and all-round education.

　　Third, focus on the construction of teaching material discourse system,Fully understand the theoretical value of "Introduction" as an important achievement in the construction of teaching material system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics, accelerate the strategic goal of building a discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics by benchmarking, study the active exploration of teaching materials in the construction of Marxist discourse system with China characteristics and times, and gradually highlight the China characteristics, China style and China style in the construction of teaching material discourse system.

The 55th Golden Horse Poster

1905 movie network news Today, the main visual poster of the 55th Golden Horse Award was released, which once again firmly attracted the attention. This poster with blue and gold as the main color looks like staring at the sleeping sand dunes in the middle of the night from a distance. If you look closely, you will find that it is four faces lined up in turn. This poster was designed by Fang Xuzhong, the poster designer and visual director of the ceremony last year. It extends the concept of "everyone plays a supporting role in the film" and draws the facial contours of Ang Lee (Chairman of the Executive Committee of Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival), Hou Xiaoxian (Dean of Golden Horse Film Academy), Gong Li (Chairman of the Golden Horse Award Jury) and Xiao Ye (Judge of Golden Horse Venture Capital Conference) into dune shapes. The picture made up of tiny particles of light and shadow also seems to imply the ambiguous connection between retaining the instantaneous image with light and shadow and the passing time.

　

The main visual posters of the Golden Horse Awards pay attention to convey the understanding of Chinese movies with rich imagination and bold creativity, which has always been a highlight of the Golden Horse Awards. In recent years, almost all the main visual posters have paid tribute to Taiwan Province’s old films and filmmakers.

　

In 2017, the main visual posters of the 54th Golden Horse Awards were the "Shadow Idiot Edition" and "Fan Edition" posters with the stills of "Spring Breeze" as the main elements. The two posters project the pictures from the stills onto various screens to convey the real and illusory feeling brought by the film, which is similar to the 53rd brighter summer day designed by Huang Hai, in which the junior four illuminates the night sky with a flashlight to show that "the light of the film never goes out".

　"Shadow Idiot Edition" (54th edition) by square sequence

"Fan Edition" (54th session)

The 53rd Tribute to Guling Street by Yellow Sea

Even more amazing is the 50th Golden Horse, a Maggie Cheung-themed poster designed by Taiwan Province graphic designer Nie Yongzhen (who designed album covers for Jay Chou, Yoga Lin and others). The image of Maggie Cheung is partially cut to show different areas of the face, which means that the film is like a slice of time, so it can’t really keep time, so it can only intercept fragments.

　The 50th Maggie Cheung by Nie Yongzhen

In addition, it is worth noting that cartoonist Jimmy has designed the main visual poster for the Golden Horse Award twice. At the 39th Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival, he gathered his characters in the cinema and opened a small door under it. It not only means that the film blurs the boundary between reality and illusion, but also outlines the pleasant atmosphere of watching movies.

How many meters is the 39th by?

Another time was the 49th Golden Horse Award 10 years later. He created in oil painting for the first time in public and handed in three design drawings at one time. Two of them are a pair of dressed-up "hot horses and handsome horses", and the final picture is the picture of a little boy and a horse flying on the sea. According to Jimmy himself, this means "the pursuit of light and shadow".

　How many meters is the 49th by?

Next, please enjoy the main visual poster of the Golden Horse Award from 2008 to this decade &mdash; &mdash;

The 45th Session (2008), which rejected complexity and chose simple color blocks.

The 45th by Nie Yongzhen

　 　 　 　 　A camera head who is always running, 46th (2009)

The 46th by Wang Zhihong

　 　 　 　 　 Seconds of Glass Breaking, 47th (2010)

The 47th by Wang Zhihong

　 　 　 　Inspired by Hou Hsiao-hsien, the 48th session (2011) is based on the essential old camera which may be closer to gaze.

The 48th by Lin Xiaoyi (cover designer of Kawabata Yasunari series)

　 　 　 The Pursuit of Light and Shadow, 49th (2012)

The 51st by Xiao Qingyang (album cover artist)

　 　 　 　Chivalrous women with stick figures, hidden in gilded lines, 52nd (2015).

The 52nd, by Zhang Shuping.

　 　 　 　　"The Light of Movies: Looking Back, Illuminating Forward", 53rd (2016)

The 53rd Tribute to Guling Street by Yellow Sea

　 　 　 　To pay tribute to the 20th anniversary of the publication of "Spring Break", selected by Wong Kar-wai himself, the 54th (2017).

The 54th session　By square order

　 　 　 　 The 2018 Golden Horse Film Festival will be held from November 8 to 25.

　

　　Beijing, July 31 (Reporter Tang Ming) According to World Finance, the economic voice of the Central Radio and Television General Station, the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that in the first half of this year, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents reached 10,330 yuan, and consumption is still an important driving force to lead the stable economic growth. With the release of economic data of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in the first half of the year, a more detailed "consumption map" is presented to people: where do residents spend the most money? Where is the fastest growth in consumption?

　　The per capita consumption expenditure is generally higher than last year.

　　In the first half of this year, the ranking of per capita consumption expenditure of residents in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) was basically the same as last year, and the amount of consumption expenditure generally increased compared with last year. The data shows that the top rankings of per capita consumption expenditure in the first half of this year were Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Zhejiang and Guangdong, which were consistent with the first half of last year.

　　Among them, Beijing’s per capita consumption expenditure exceeded 20,000 yuan, Hubei, Chongqing and Inner Mongolia exceeded 10,000 yuan. In the first half of this year, the per capita consumption expenditure exceeded 10,000 yuan, an increase of three compared with the same period last year.

　　The southeast coastal market is huge, and the western region is growing rapidly.

　　Looking at the "consumption map" in the first half of the year, the strong economic provinces in the southeast coast are generally stable and the consumer market is huge. Among the top 10 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in the first half of the year, the southeast coastal provinces and municipalities accounted for half of the country, and the per capita consumption expenditures of Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Fujian all exceeded the national average, ranking in the forefront.

　　Although the consumption market in the central and western regions is not as large as that in the southeast coast, the growth rate is generally faster. Among them, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Sichuan Province in the first half of the year increased by 10.5% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2.1 percentage points higher than the national average.

　　Expanding consumption scenes in various places to stimulate consumption vitality

　　In order to further stimulate the vitality of consumption, many regions have expanded the consumption scene. Recently, Beijing residents have fully felt the changes brought by the "night economy" to people’s lives. Guangdong has issued the Implementation Plan for Improving the System and Mechanism of Promoting Consumption in Guangdong Province, and put forward 29 specific measures in nine aspects in view of the outstanding problems that restrict consumption at present. Among them, in order to optimize the automobile consumption environment, measures such as gradually relaxing the car lottery and auction indicators in Guangzhou and Shenzhen and expanding the scale of quasi-purchase were put forward.

　　Service-oriented, development-oriented, and experience-oriented consumption are featured.

　　With the development of mobile Internet technology, in the "consumption map" in the first half of the year, service-oriented consumption, developmental consumption and experiential consumption have become the consumption characteristics of all localities. For example, in the first half of the year, Shanghai’s retail sales without stores reached 117.3 billion yuan, an increase of 20.4% over the same period last year; The contribution rate of service consumption in Beijing to the total consumption growth reached 70.4%, and the contribution rate of upgrading consumption such as communication to the total consumption growth reached 60%.

　　Xing Ziqiang, chief economist of Morgan Stanley China, believes that in the future, 5G will inject new vitality into consumption. "The application of 5G is expected to help smart cities, the Internet of Things, the Internet of Vehicles and other applications to a big step, and finally make those more close to consumers. The vitality of tailor-made services, experiences, shopping and medical consumption will be further released, which may be the next stage."

A single mother with cancer turned to the government for help. Source: Leader Message Board official website screenshot

　　Recently, a single mother suffering from cancer in Changgou Village, Dashuiquan Town, Xinglong County, Chengde City, Hebei Province left a message on People’s Daily Online "Local Leaders Message Board" asking for help, hoping that the government could help her find a rescue agency to raise and take care of her adopted daughter with intellectual disability.

　　The Social Situation and Public Opinion Office of Chengde Municipal Committee has replied at the bottom of the message board that the relevant units of Chengde Civil Affairs Bureau and Xinglong County have carefully checked. After active coordination, relevant issues have been properly solved.

　　On July 5, a staff member of the Civil Affairs Bureau of Xinglong County, Chengde City told The Paper that at present, the child has been sent to Chengde Welfare Institute, which is responsible for his daily life; The mother of the child still needs regular medical treatment. At present, in view of the above situation, relevant problems have been arranged to be solved.

　　On July 5th, a staff member of Xinglong County Party Committee Office told The Paper that the mother was divorced, suffering from advanced cervical cancer, and her adopted child was mentally disabled. A month ago, they raised about 6,000 yuan for it and have completed the last phase of chemotherapy. At present, the mother is in good health and will be reviewed in three months. "The follow-up cost is not very high. She is now working with her friends and earning a little money. There is nothing wrong with life at present. " The staff member said that in the next step, after her body recovered, the mother was going to set up a stall in the market.

　　The above-mentioned staff said that they would continue to follow up her physical condition and provide corresponding help.

　　The staff member also mentioned that at first, the mother had no time to rest because she needed to take care of her children alone for 24 hours. She thought she had no hope of recovery, so she gave up treatment and went through the procedure of donating her body. At present, the child has been arranged to be taken care of by Chengde Welfare Institute. He said that local volunteers will also be regularly organized to go to the welfare home with the mother to see the children.

　　On the same day, a staff member in charge of subsistence allowances in Xinglong County said that they had raised the low premiums of mother and daughter to the highest standard. Originally, the mother’s monthly fee was 245 yuan, and the daughter’s monthly fee was 255 yuan. Now, both of them have been raised to 400 yuan per person per month.

　　The Paper noticed that the aforementioned single mother wrote on the message board that in 2006, she lost her fertility due to tubal blockage and ectopic pregnancy surgery; In 2013, her mother adopted a baby girl from a pair of Tianjin parents under the age of 18. Subsequently, the baby girl was raised by her, but unfortunately she suffered from encephalitis, which caused secondary mental disability. To this end, she borrowed 300,000 yuan to treat her children.

　　She also wrote that she divorced her husband in 2019. Because the opposite sex was not related by blood, her ex-husband could not be the guardian of her adopted daughter alone, and the court awarded her custody of the child. The child is 9 years old this year. He can’t take care of himself and needs long-term care. In July 2020, she was diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer. After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, she is still receiving follow-up treatment. However, because she found it too late to surgically remove the lesion, she was extremely weak and thus lost her ability to work.

　　"Give the child a chance to live when I have to say goodbye to this world." The single mother wrote.

Illustration Wang Chen Jun

　　Transfer money during love, do you need to return it after breaking up? Buying a wedding room and registering your girlfriend’s name is a gift or a joint house purchase? Buying a car before marriage is a bride price or a gift. Can I ask for a return after breaking up? Recently, Haidian court tried many such cases, and the judge explained them in detail and gave a prompt.

　　Case:

　　Forced by his girlfriend to write an iou? If "coercion" is not proved, it will be returned.

　　Xiao Na said that during her love with Xiaolei, Xiaolei borrowed 600,000 yuan from her on the grounds of revolving business, and then repaid 30,000 yuan. In July 2015, Xiaolei issued a debit note to her, promising to repay it at maturity, but failed to fulfill the repayment promise after the expiration. She repeatedly urged for no results, so she sued Xiaolei for repaying the loan principal of 570,000 yuan and paying interest.

　　During the trial, Xiao Na submitted the IOUs and transfer records to the court. The content of the loan shows: "Xiaolei borrowed 600,000 yuan from Xiaona today, and has already paid back 30,000 yuan, leaving 570,000 yuan to be paid off before October 2015. On July 30, 2015, the borrower Xiao Lei. " According to the personal account statement of Xiao Na Bank, Xiao Na transferred RMB 600,000 to Xiaolei from 2014 to 2015 by mobile phone.

　　Xiaolei recognized the transfer record, but said that he and Xiao Na were originally in love, and they often transferred money to each other during their love. He did not borrow money from Xiaona. The two parties originally planned to hold a wedding in August 2015, but a few days before the wedding, Xiao Na and several people forced him to write this IOU.

　　The court held that according to the evidence submitted by Xiao Na, it can be concluded that there is a private loan relationship between her and Xiaolei, and Xiaolei should fulfill the repayment obligation, but the failure to repay all the loans so far has constituted a breach of contract. Xiaolei claimed that the IOU was issued under the coercion of Xiao Na, but no evidence was provided, so the court refused to accept it. Finally, the court ordered Xiaolei to repay Xiao Na’s loan of 570,000 yuan and pay corresponding interest.

　　The judge suggested that the lender should keep the payment voucher.

　　Hu Meiqing of Haidian Court said that it is very common for lovers to transfer money to each other. After the relationship ends, it is not uncommon for one party to advocate "transferring money to borrow money" and sue. Because many lovers write IOUs to each other for emotional reasons, but no loans actually occur, it is more complicated to identify such loan relationships.

　　Is it a loan relationship to transfer money during the relationship? The judge believes that the party who advocates the establishment of the loan relationship generally bears the burden of proof on whether the loan relationship is true and the actual delivery of the loan. Therefore, it is particularly important for lenders to keep relevant payment vouchers. Borrowing between lovers, it is best to leave traces by means of transfer, etc., and at the same time pay attention to keeping the bank’s running water and transaction records. If you need to pay a large amount of cash, you should keep the bank’s withdrawal records, and if necessary, you should ask the other party to issue an iou or sign a loan agreement.

　　Case:

　　Before marriage, the court awarded 50% of the property rights under the name of one registered person.

　　Another pair of lovers, Zhou Yang and Li Ting, have been dating since they were in college, and they broke up in 2015. In October 2012, the two parties jointly invested to buy a house in Haidian District, Beijing. Because Zhou Yang was not qualified to buy a house at that time, they negotiated and signed a sales contract with the real estate company in the name of Li Ting. After that, Zhou Yang paid the down payment of 1,588,519 yuan, the purchase price of 160,000 yuan, and Li Ting paid the remaining house price of 440,000 yuan. The house was registered in the name of Li Ting. On June 30, 2016, after obtaining the qualification to buy a house, Zhou Yang contacted Li Ting to handle the house transfer, but Li Ting ignored it. Zhou Yang found out that she planned to sell the house through an intermediary company.

　　In this regard, Zhou Yang believes that the joint purchase of a house by both parties and Li Ting’s unauthorized sale have seriously infringed on their legitimate rights and interests, so he sued his ex-girlfriend and demanded that the house be divided according to law, with himself and Li Ting accounting for 78.3% and 21.7% respectively.

　　However, Li Ting said that the house was registered in her personal name and belonged to personal property, and Zhou Yang had no right to divide it; Moreover, the purchase price paid by Zhou Yang is a gift to her, and there is no common property between the two parties.

　　During the trial, both of them said that they intended to buy a house as a wedding room, but later they broke up due to emotional reasons, and the house has been occupied by Li Ting. The court held that it was an act of jointly purchasing property with marriage intention to jointly invest and buy a house in the name of Li during their love. Now the two sides have failed to get married and end their love relationship, and the purpose of buying a house has been impossible to achieve. Although the property right is registered in the name of the woman, it should still be recognized as common property. In the end, the court ruled that the house was jointly owned by two people, with each party holding 50% of the property rights, and Li Ting assisted Zhou Yang in the registration of the property rights.

　　The judge suggested that buying a house together during love is regarded as common property.

　　It is more and more common to buy a house jointly before marriage. Hu Meiqing believes that houses, cars and furniture jointly invested by both parties during the period of love should be regarded as common property. At the termination of the joint ownership relationship, the division of the joint property shall be handled according to the agreement if there is an agreement, and if there is no agreement, the factors such as the contribution of the co-owners, the contribution to the joint property and the actual needs of the co-owners in production and life shall be considered. In order to avoid disputes in the future, we should be cautious in buying a house together during the period of love. We can sign a capital contribution agreement in advance to stipulate their respective shares, and at the same time, we should keep relevant evidence such as bank transfer records and payment vouchers.

　　Case:

　　Buying a car, registering in the name of the prospective mother-in-law, breaking up, and the court awarded the refund of the car.

　　A couple decided to get married. Li Wen said that he spent 226,856.9 yuan to buy an SUV as a wedding gift at the request of his girlfriend Zhang Xia. Because they were not qualified to buy a car in Beijing, they registered the car in the name of Zhang Xia’s mother Wang. However, the two sides broke up soon due to personality and other reasons. Li Wen’s request for Zhang Xia to return the car purchase fee was rejected, so he sued Zhang Xia’s mother and daughter for returning the engagement price of more than 230,000 yuan.

　　During the trial, Zhang Xia’s mother and daughter argued that there was no engagement between Li Wen and Zhang Xia, and the vehicle involved in the case that Li Wen invested and registered under Wang’s name was not an engagement bride price. Because of their long relationship, Li Wen mentioned breaking up many times. Before buying a car, Li Wen broke up with Zhang Xia again. This time, he proposed to buy a car for Zhang Xia to make up for his feelings. Moreover, when buying a car, the old car under Wang’s name is discounted to 8000 yuan, so the newly bought car also has Wang’s rights and interests, which should be divided before disposal. The used car has been depreciated and should not be returned at the new car price.

　　The court held that the car purchase money should belong to Li Wen’s expenditure for the purpose of marriage and has the nature of bride price. Although Zhang Xia’s mother and daughter claimed that Li Wen’s contribution was a gift, they did not provide sufficient evidence and the court did not support it. In view of their failure to get married, Li Wen has the right to demand that the other party return the corresponding expenses incurred for marriage. Regarding the amount of money to be refunded, it should be judged according to Li Wen’s actual expenses for purchasing the car. Finally, the court ruled that Zhang Xia’s mother and daughter returned Li Wen’s car purchase price of 232,983.79 yuan.

　　Judge’s tip: unmarried people ask for the support of the bride price court.

　　Hu Meiqing said that the phenomenon of paying bride price before marriage is a custom, which is popular in many parts of China. If both parties fail to go through the marriage registration formalities, and one party requests to return the bride price, it shall be supported. If unmarried men and women have indeed lived together but are not registered to get married in the end, the court can determine whether to return and the amount of the bride price according to the time of their living together, the amount of the bride price and the local rural customs and habits. In addition, the actual payers and recipients of the bride price are not limited to men and women themselves. If the actual recipients of the bride price are the parents of the woman or other people, when the man sues for the return of the bride price, the woman and the actual recipients can be listed as co-defendants. (The parties in the text are all pseudonyms) (Reporter Lin Jing)

　　CCTV News:The website of the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a marine weather bulletin at 18: 00 on the 15th. The content is as follows:

　　I. Weather conditions in offshore waters

　　From 02: 00 to 14: 00 on the 15th, there were 5-7 winds with gusts of 8-9 in Bohai Sea, Bohai Strait, northern and central Yellow Sea, northern East China Sea, Taiwan Province Strait, northern and central and western South China Sea and Beibu Gulf.

　　Second, the key weather forecast in offshore waters

　　1. There will be 6~7 winds in the southern waters of China.

　　From the night of 15th to the day of 18th, there will be northerly or northeasterly winds with gusts of 8-9 in Taiwan Province Strait, east of Taiwan Province, bashi channel, northern and central South China Sea, Beibu Gulf and Qiongzhou Strait.

　　Third, the specific forecast for the next three days

　　Iv. weather outlook for the next 4-7 days

　　During the day from October 18th to 22nd, due to the influence of cold air, there will be 5~7 northeast winds or northerly winds with gusts of 8 in the Bohai Sea, Bohai Strait, most of the Yellow Sea, most of the East China Sea, Taiwan Province Strait, bashi channel, the northern and central South China Sea, Beibu Gulf and Qiongzhou Strait, among which the winds in parts of the Taiwan Province Strait can reach 8 and the gusts are 9.