The original literature and history Jun Haoran’s literature and history is included in the topic # Late Qing Dynasty 28# China Modern History 37.

Tongzhi

Historians often describe Tongzhi Emperor as a "doormat" controlled by Cixi. At the same time, the death of Emperor Tongzhi is also a hot topic in academic circles and workshops, and the explosive words like brothel and syphilis are also popular among the people. Today, Wen Shijun will take a look at the life of Emperor Tongzhi with you.

First, Zai Chun’s early establishment and Xinyou coup

Emperor Tongzhi, namely Aisingiorro Zai Chun, is the eldest son of Emperor Xianfeng and the biological son of Cixi. Before Tongzhi ascended the throne, that is, in the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), in the Xinyou year of the lunar calendar, there was a coup in the palace-Xinyou coup, also known as Qixiang coup.

Tongzhi

The word "Qi Xiang" was originally promised by Zai Chun, and it was taken from "Don’t dry up, don’t be a child, give birth to Qi Xiang" in The History of Song Dynasty. Later, after the successful coup, the title of "Tongzhi" was changed.

In July of this year, when Xianfeng was dying, he decided to make Zai Chun the Crown Prince. Because the emperor was worried that his son was young, he appointed eight people, including Su Shun and Duan Hua, to assist the young master in government affairs, which was known as "Eight Ministers of Gu Ming" in history.

Xianfeng

However, Xianfeng’s decision shook the conservative political forces headed by Yi. Yi joined forces with Empress Dowager Cixi and Ci ‘an, who also had political ambitions, and successfully launched a coup in September. Eight ministers demoted and killed, and the palace almost became the world of a three-person group.

In winter, the Empress Dowager Ci ‘an and Empress Cixi changed the title to Tongzhi, and the Tongzhi emperor officially ascended the throne in the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Tongzhi, taking the meaning of "Tongzhi" in the Spring and Autumn Annals, symbolizes the Manchu people’s willingness to cooperate with the Han monarch and ministers and rule the country together. Of course, this title also follows the title of Shunzhi of the first emperor. The Empress Dowager of the Imperial Palace formally listened to the government in hall of mental cultivation. Until the emperor grew up, no matter how big or small, he had to listen to the queen mother of the two palaces.

Cixi and Ci ‘an controlled the state affairs.

Second, listening to politics and the change of Zai Chun’s thought.

The Empress Dowager of the two palaces listened to politics, and the young emperor was also happy to be at leisure and set his mind at ease to study in the Hongde Hall, which was taught by Qi Junzao and others. If this goes on, the Tongzhi emperor will study hard with his heart, and the old lady will carefully assist his ministers. This should have been a scene of blind date.

Tongzhi emperor’s juvenile pen practice map

However, the operation of power often does not follow the routine. Soon, Cixi overwhelmed Yi and Ci ‘an in the power struggle, and the three-person group became "one arbitrary family". Cixi cultivated her pro-Party and restricted the emperor’s power. When the emperor grew up, he found that he was not like that at all. The contradiction between mother and son just surfaced.

Cixi in film and television dramas

But Cixi was in full swing, and Zai Chun couldn’t help it, if not taste. In the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869), the Qing court began to prepare for the big wedding for the emperor, and Cixi decreed that the ceremony should be "frugal".

At that time, Zai Chun was 14 years old, and both Shunzhi and Kangxi were married at this age. The emperor is young and has his own interests. But the queen mother’s decision is obviously that she doesn’t want Zai Chun to "contact her in-laws" too early. He was afraid that the emperor would have other support, which would hinder him from listening to politics.

Young tongzhi emperor

Three years later, in the draft of Qing Palace, both Empresses had their own fancy. On the surface, it is to choose a concubine for the emperor. In private, the tide is surging and competing with each other. Never thought, Tongzhi emperor didn’t like Fucha arranged by his mother, but liked Arute recommended by Empress Dowager Ci ‘an. Tongzhi is probably deliberately angry with Cixi. The emperor is young and energetic. He has long had a contradiction with his mother and hates his mother. Naturally, he hates his house and his house.

This made Cixi quite unhappy and finally decided to suppress the emperor and the imperial concubine. There is often a saying in unofficial history that Arute was persecuted to death by Cixi, which is actually how it came about.

Arute in film and television dramas

In the first month of the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), the Empress Dowager of the two palaces allowed Tongzhi to take charge of her own affairs. Tongzhi was 18 years old this year, which was the quiet period of Qing diplomacy. The Taiping Rebellion was initially put down in China, and the Westernization Movement was in full swing. The emperor also has a heart of struggle. This period is called "Tongzhi Zhongxing".

Originally, in this good time, the Tongzhi emperor should make great efforts, but in October of the following year, it was suddenly reported that the emperor was ill in the palace, and the memorial was still to be approved by the Queen Mother of the two palaces. On the fifth day of December, Emperor Tongzhi died in hall of mental cultivation at the age of 19. The Tongzhi emperor, who had just ruled the country and was full of ambitions and practiced, died so hastily.

Tongzhi died

Third, the mystery of tongzhi’s death

How did Emperor Tongzhi die? The academic and anecdotal versions are different. There is a saying from the Diary of Weng Tonghe that Tongzhi got "pox" and died of smallpox.

But people don’t believe this version. Because the emperor began to have a sick body in October and died suddenly in December, this time of more than one month did not conform to the death law of "pox disease". Therefore, unofficial history speculated that Tongzhi was "going to get sick". This "sexual disease" is syphilis.

Tongzhi

Which version should we believe?

Let’s talk about pox first. According to the record in Weng Tonghe’s Diary, the emperor began to stay in bed in November, and was diagnosed by the physician Li Deli as suffering from smallpox. At the beginning of the month, the emperor had symptoms of "no appetite" and "sore throat and nausea". Later, after eating duck porridge, Radix Scrophulariae, cicada clothing and honeysuckle, "the sore throat was reduced".

In the middle of the month, Weng Tonghe was able to meet the emperor personally. He described Tongzhi as "lying out, flowers are extremely dense", which means that the emperor has acne all over his body. After two days, I saw that the emperor became "powerful in voice and full in grouting", which seemed to be the stage for the human body to fight smallpox virus, and the emperor seemed to be getting better.

Cixi visits the sick

In fact, the emperor did not recover from illness. It is precisely because the acne granules are full but delayed, and those who do not get acne are unclear. By the beginning of December, the emperor became "haggard and hot in his chest." When the physician uncovered the ointment and squeezed pus, he found that "the pus was half-filled and purple under the waist." It wasn’t long before the emperor died.

This is Weng Tonghe’s record of Tongzhi Emperor’s illness, which is very detailed and clear.

Weng Tonghe in Film and Television Plays

However, according to unofficial history’s Legacy of the Qing Palace, "Tongzhi went to the place where prostitutes worked, causing syphilis". Emperor, why do you sleep in flowers and willow trees? Unofficial history said that it was the emperor who was afraid of the majesty of Cixi and felt that the palace was boring, so he "went out and indulged in prostitution". What’s even more amazing is that the emperor also specially looked for some "prostitutes in the city", that is, those "wild sellers" who couldn’t get on the table. Xiao Yishan, a famous historian of Qing Dynasty, has repeatedly emphasized that Tongzhi Emperor died of syphilis, which is widely circulated among the people. Considering the emperor’s special hobbies, it seems that it is not impossible.

However, in recent years, a large number of Qing Palace archives have been published, which provides some new materials for people to explore these issues. For example, the archives of the Qing Dynasty, Long live the book of drugs for smallpox, recorded all the diagnosis and medication records since the illness of Emperor Tongzhi. Comparing these records with Weng Tonghe’s diary, the records of the illness are relatively consistent. Scholars in the Palace Museum also consulted relevant Chinese medicine experts on this file, and the conclusion was that they died of smallpox, and the experts also gave a specific course of disease: smallpox (pox rash) was the initial stage of the disease; The middle stage of the disease is "carbuncle after acne" caused by the virus of acne rash; The later stage of the disease is "toothache" caused by the residual poison of acne rash; Finally, he died of toxic heat invagination.

Tongzhi is in brothel.

Therefore, from the current research, it seems that the Tongzhi emperor is more likely to die of smallpox. As for the statement of syphilis, it may be related to the special hobby of Tongzhi and the people’s rebellious psychology towards the "big man" in folk communication.

Wen Shijun said

Empress Dowager Cixi was too harsh, which made Tongzhi develop a rebellious and withdrawn character. It is said that the eunuch in the palace secretly opened a small door for him at the edge of the Forbidden City to please the young master. Tongzhi went out of the city through a small door, and three or two attendants walked close to him. It would be a great loss of decency if someone saw the emperor prostitute himself. However, it is an indisputable fact that Tongzhi has this hobby. Yi and other ministers have warned the Queen Mother many times, which is recorded in the history books. The emperor had to avoid the minister’s eyes and vent his desire in a remote place where no one cares. Indulgence, plus the place to go is not an "insurance" place. Therefore, the probability of the emperor being infected with prostitution is not small. But in the end, he got sick and died. According to the analysis of medical records, smallpox is more likely.

references

Qu Weiying: The Cause of Death of Tongzhi and Guangxu, Outlook Weekly, No.11, 1988.

Shen Weibin: Viewing the illness and cause of death of Tongzhi Emperor from the Diary of Weng Tonghe, Exploration and Contention, No.1, 2006.

Xu Yipu: The Death of Emperor Tongzhi, Journal of the Palace Museum, No.4, 1980.

(Author: Haoran literature and history porcelain country garbage dump)

Original title: "He was the shortest-lived emperor of the Qing Dynasty. He was controlled to die strangely all his life. Did he die of smallpox or syphilis? 》

　　BEIJING, Beijing, August 17 th The National Development and Reform Commission held a press conference on the 16 th, responding to many hot issues: the overall progress of de-capacity needs to be further accelerated, and places with slow progress and poor work will be seriously held accountable; All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have issued specific opinions on the reform of the household registration system, and the "gold content" of residence permits has been continuously improved; There is some positive momentum in the northeast economy, and the "Three-year Rolling Implementation Plan for Promoting the Revitalization of Old Industrial Bases in Northeast China" will be issued in the near future; The reform of medical prices in public hospitals around the country is progressing smoothly, and most public hospitals have cancelled the drug addition.

　　The overall progress of de-capacity needs to be accelerated

　　— — Where progress is slow, accountability will be held.

　　Zhao Chenxin, spokesman of the National Development and Reform Commission, revealed that by the end of July, the country had withdrawn more than 95 million tons of coal production capacity, completing 38% of the annual tasks, and withdrawing more than 21 million tons of steel production capacity, completing 47% of the annual tasks. Although the progress has been accelerated since July, there is still a certain distance compared with the requirements of more than half of the time and more than half of the tasks.

　　For the reasons, Zhao Chenxin analyzed, first, the ideological understanding is not in place. Some regions and enterprises did not regard the responsibility letter as a "military order"; Second, the fear of difficulties still exists; Third, price changes bring interference. Recently, the price of steel and coal has rebounded to varying degrees, which has affected the determination of some enterprises and places to de-capacity steel and coal.

　　In order to ensure the completion of this year’s objectives and tasks, Zhao Chenxi said that a series of work measures will be taken in the next step, including special supervision on work progress and fund use, and listing supervision and serious accountability for places where progress is slow and work is not effective. Implement the monthly report notification system. Report on the progress of the monthly report on capacity reduction in various places, encourage the advanced and spur the backward, and so on.

　　The reporter from Zhongxin. com noted that the the State Council executive meeting held on the 16th decided to carry out a special inspection of the steel and coal industry to solve the excess capacity, so as to ensure the smooth completion of the annual objectives and tasks in strict accordance with the schedule requirements and time nodes. For poor implementation, slow progress and illegal new production capacity, it is necessary to inform, interview and seriously accountability to ensure the completion of the hard task of resolving excess capacity throughout the year.

　　Opinions on the reform of household registration system in all provinces have been released.

　　— — The "gold content" of residence permit has been continuously improved.

　　"The progress of urbanization of agricultural transfer population is generally smooth." Zhao Chenxin pointed out that all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have issued specific opinions on the reform of the household registration system, and 11 provinces have formulated specific implementation measures, and the "gold content" of residence permits has been continuously improved.

　　Zhongxin. com (WeChat WeChat official account: cns2012) The reporter noted that Beijing announced the "Measures for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations on Residence Permits in Beijing" on the 11th. It can be seen from combing the areas where the detailed rules of residence permit have been issued that compared with the provisions of the national version, the scope of public services and conveniences provided by some areas has expanded.

　　Among them, holders of residence permits in Hebei Province can enjoy 8 basic public services and 8 conveniences; Holders of residence permits in Jilin Province can enjoy 6 basic public services and 9 conveniences; Holders of residence permits in Jiangxi Province can enjoy 7 basic public services and 8 conveniences. All these areas have increased the convenience for children to take the entrance examination for senior high school entrance examination in the local area, provided that relevant conditions are met.

　　There is some positive momentum in the northeast economy.

　　— — A three-year rolling implementation plan will be issued.

　　"According to the investigation, in the first half of this year, in the face of the downward pressure on the economy, the three northeastern provinces actively responded and there were some positive trends and positive changes." Zhao Chenxin said that in the first half of the year, the GDP growth rates of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces were 5.7%, 6.7% and -1% respectively, which were all higher than those in the first quarter, and the differentiation between industries in different regions was indeed obvious.

　　Zhao Chenxin pointed out that from the perspective of the three provinces, the economy in areas with relatively diversified industries, active private economy and rapid industrial upgrading showed a trend of stabilization and improvement. However, the downward pressure on the economy of resource-exhausted cities with concentrated traditional industries is still relatively large. From the industry point of view, emerging industries that adapt to changes in market demand are developing well, while the traditional "original prefix" and "initial brand name" industries are generally weak, and the added value of coal, metallurgy, petrochemical and some equipment manufacturing industries has experienced negative growth year-on-year.

　　Regarding the next step to revitalize the Northeast economy, Zhao Chenxin revealed that the "Three-year Rolling Implementation Plan for Promoting the Revitalization of Old Industrial Bases in Northeast China" will be issued soon. The major tasks to be launched from 2016 to 2018 and major engineering projects to be started were clarified. The major policies focused on improving the system and mechanism, promoting structural adjustment, encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship, and ensuring and improving people’s livelihood, and identified 137 key tasks in different years.

　　The reform of medical price in public hospitals has achieved initial results.

　　— — Most public hospitals cancel drug addition.

　　Regarding the progress of medical price reform in public hospitals, Zhao Chenxin pointed out that at present, the medical price reform in county-level public hospitals has achieved full coverage, and the medical price reform in urban public hospitals has been fully promoted in eight provinces and cities including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Shandong, Qinghai, Shanghai and Tianjin, and other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have also selected some cities and hospitals to carry out pilot projects.

　　"At present, the reform of medical prices in public hospitals around the country is progressing smoothly and running smoothly, and the results have initially appeared." Zhao Chenxi said that the emerging compensation mechanism of public hospitals is taking shape. Most public hospitals have cancelled the drug addition, and the compensation of public hospitals has changed from the original three channels of "service charge", "drug addition income" and "financial subsidy" to "service charge" and "financial subsidy".

　　Zhao Chenxi also pointed out that the patient’s cost burden is generally stable. By reducing the cost of medical consumables, reasonably adjusting the price of medical services and bringing them into the scope of medical insurance reimbursement, the proportion of patients’ personal medical expenses has remained basically stable. The drug market price is generally stable. The drug price reform has further stimulated the market vitality, promoted the innovation of drug research and development and improved the quality, and at the same time ensured the supply of drugs. The production and supply of some commonly used drugs and low-priced drugs have gradually recovered, ensuring the demand for drugs by the masses. (End)

A Brief Chronological History of China’s Network Literature

Editor-in-Chief Shao Yanjun Li Qiang

Peking University Press

August 2023

"A Brief Chronological History of China’s Network Literature" is the result of excavating and sorting out the basic historical materials of China’s network literature, which was completed by the Peking University network literature research team in ten years.Part two"A Brief History of Important Online Literature Websites", select 70 websites from hundreds, and write entries, brief history and special topics according to their importance. This is a convenient and reliable desk reference book for online literature researchers and enthusiasts.

Media backstage development"History of Net Text"Column, push the entries of the websites of "A Brief Chronological History of China Network Literature" respectively for readers, so please pay attention.

Fresh literature network

(1) Entries

The largest literary website in Taiwan, China, one of the most influential early literary websites in the whole Chinese-speaking region, plays an important role in cultivating the germination and development of Chinese mainland’s online novels. Founded on June 1, 2000, the founder Shen Yuan, referred to as "Xianwang" or "Xianxian".

Xianwang was born out of Yuanyuan Forum, an erotic novel forum under Giant Bean Square (founded in 1998). In 2000, there were some novel creations that did not take eroticism as the main content. Shen Yuan tried to establish a charging system, but the writers of erotic literature unanimously opposed it. In June, Shen Yuan established Xianwang, and published erotic novels. Rosen and other authors who became famous in Yuanyuan Forum continued to create in Xianwang. Xianwang has gathered many well-known fantasy and fantasy authors, and two of the "three fantastic books" in the early development of China’s online literature-Wandering Journey (Xiao Qian) and Legend of Little Soldiers (Xuan Yu) are all based on this (the other is Xiao Ding’s Zhu Xian). In addition to genre literature, Xianwang also contains other literary columns, such as "local literature" and "gay literature", where mainland authors such as Ji Dawei and Zhou Jieru have published their works.

After the failure of establishing the online charging system, Shen Yuan established Xianxian Culture Publishing House, which took renting a bookstore in Taiwan Province as the main channel, and created the operation mode of "online serialization-offline publishing" of online novels, which became the dominant business model of online novels before qidian successfully established the VIP paid reading system (October 2003). Since then, Griffin, Vientiane, Feixiang and other Taiwan Province publishing houses have also cooperated with mainland Dragon Sky and other websites to join this business model. Under the operation of this model (one volume per month, 60,000 words per volume, 10 to several hundred yuan for thousands of words), a large number of mainland online authors turned into professional authors, with hundreds of contracted authors at the peak. In the whole process of the commercialization of online literature in China, the cooperative operation of Taiwan Province websites, publishing houses, mainland websites and authors, such as Xianwang, is an important link that cannot be ignored.

After the successful operation of VIP paid reading fee system in mainland China, the influence of Xianwang began to decline. After 2005, we cooperated with mainland literature websites to launch VIP subscription mode, but with the maturity of mainland literature websites and the overall decline of Taiwan Province publishing industry, Xianwang declined year by year. In May 2014, Xianwang closed its station.

(Ji Yunfei, Liu Xinyi, Shao Yanjun)

▲ Fresh Literature Network Page

(2) A brief history

In 1998

The number of Internet users in Taiwan Province has exceeded 2 million. The government began to take over the domestic servers, and some privately built erotic literature websites, such as Tiger II and Aotu Club, were shut down.

Netizen Yuan Yuan (formerly known as Shen Yuan) founded the Giant Bean Square Forum and added Yuan Yuan’s discussion area. The main content of the discussion area is still erotic literature. The server is set up in North America, and the authors come from three places across the Taiwan Straits and overseas. Rosen began to create erotic works such as Zhu Yanxue and the Chronicle of Ali Buda in the discussion area of Yuanyuan, and began to serialize the prequel of Tales of Charm, which had a far-reaching impact on mainland readers.

In 1999,

On January 1st, all TV stations uniformly implemented the Measures for Classified Processing of TV Programs, adopting a four-level system of "universal level, protection level, guidance level and restriction level".

onemoonOn 25th, the Taiwan Province authorities abolished the Publishing Law and cancelled the strict publishing censorship.

In September, Taiwan Province chain bookstore "Jinshitang", established in 1983, announced the establishment of "Jinshitang Online Bookstore" to sell books in the form of online stores.

At the end of the year, a summary of erotic literature in 1999 was published in the discussion forum of Yuanyuan, commenting on the works of erotic literature writers in that year.

In 2000

The prequel of Rosen’s Tale of Charm was published by Vientiane Publishing House.

Feixiang Culture Publishing House launched the "Wisteria Collection" book series, which is the first book series focusing on BL theme in Taiwan Province; In June, the "Huajianji" book series, which belongs to Feixiang Publishing House, also turned to BL theme.

The mainland authors clay figurine (masterpiece "There are so many beauties in the country" and "In the world"), Duanmu (masterpiece "The Wind and Moon in the Mainland") and Half Frog (masterpiece "The Angel of Purgatory") rose to fame, and were called "the Three Masters of the Mainland".

On June 1st, under the background of some non-erotic literature creation in Yuan Yuan discussion forum, Shen Yuan set up a fresh literature network to place non-erotic literature, which was different from Yuan Yuan discussion forum, and promoted the novel publishing profit through the fresh culture publishing group to which the website belongs. Rosen, Lan Jing, Xuan Yu, Pistol, Xiao Qian and other authors who originally serialized their works in Yuanyuan Forum began to create in Xianwang. Among them, Blue Crystal’s The Magical Apprentice, Pistol’s Tian Mo Tan, and Xiao Qian’s Vague Journey have become classic works with fantasy themes. At the same time, authors of traditional literature, such as Ji Dawei and Zhou Jieru, began to create on Xianwang.

In addition to network literature, the website also includes traditional pure literature columns: there are sub-categories such as local literature and gay literature in the classification of works. At the time of its establishment, the daily page views reached 400,000, and the website is expected to reach 1.2 million by the end of 2000. At the beginning, readers can vote for their favorite authors. For every 1000 votes cast by readers, the author will get a remuneration of $1, and when the income reaches $20, Xianwang will send a check to distribute the remuneration.

On December 20th, Xianwang published five "heavyweight new books", covering thrillers, cities, gay literature, poems, short stories and other different types, marking the initial establishment of the mechanism that online literature is screened by readers and then published for profit. The five books are the thriller Snow White Murder by Purple Angel, Wu Fei and Jascha, the gay literature When the Monkey King falls in love with Tang Sanzang by Ji Dawei, the poetry collection by seven people including Lei Xuan, the short collection by five people including Ek-read, and the novel Ten Commandments of Naked Body by F&J.. Books are sold by Jinshitang Online Bookstore.

▲ "When the Monkey King falls in love with Tang Sanzang" (Ji Dawei), Xianwang (2000)

In 2001

In April, the classification of online novels changed for the first time, and the typology and commerciality of Xianwang’s works were greatly enhanced, and the types were refined: the classification of travel notes, literary criticism, soul novels, local novels, realistic novels and surreal novels was cancelled; Prose and miscellaneous notes merge, romance turns into romance/romance, suspense turns into reasoning/horror, history merges with martial arts, and science fiction merges with fantasy; Super-genre novels ranked second in advance.

ninemoon, giant bean square and Yuanyuan discussion area are closed.The appearance of erotic websites such as Alcatraz has become a continuation of Yuanyuan discussion forum.

Major publishing houses began to publish BL-themed books successively.tie.From 2000 to 2005, the publication of beauty-obsessed topics in Taiwan Province reached its peak.

In 2001

In October, Xianwang launched the "Mystery Novels" book series, trying to create "the Chinese world’s own reasoning writer".

In 2003

In October, Xianwang held an essay activity of "Romance and Fantasy". Since then, Xianwang has appeared a new classification of "Romance and Fantasy" combining romance and fantasy novel styles, and has since become one of the iconic works of Xianwang.

In 2004

In March, the website announced that the author should not publish "SM, erotic (H-text) and novels with political implications", but at the same time stated that "occasional and appropriate sexual descriptions are acceptable if the story needs them".

In June, the website set up a new "fan" section, and the works in this section are mainly Japanese ACG fans.

In 2004

In June, Xianxian Culture Publishing Group announced that its annual turnover reached a new high, exceeding NT$ 100 million.

On October 1st, the website implemented a full membership system, preparing for the VIP subscription mode: readers can read novels on the website and make comments and comments after registering as members. And the experience points system is introduced, so that readers can accumulate experience points after voting, leaving messages and other operations, which can be used for website function expansion.

In 2005

In March, when mainland literature websites launched VIP paid reading system in succession, Xianwang also launched VIP subscription mode. However, the slogan of Xianwang VIP is "free travel", that is, the author can freely specify the charging chapters and words, or quit the VIP halfway. At the same time, Xianwang decided to cooperate with other non-exclusive VIP literature websites in mainland China, so that writers can upload articles in all non-exclusive VIP literature websites around the world without restrictions.

On May 3rd, Xianwang officially launched a strategic cooperation with Magic Sword Book Alliance to fight against qidian supported by Shanda Group.

In June, Xianxian Culture Publishing Group announced that its annual turnover exceeded NT$ 200 million.

In August, Xianwang increased the publishing fee for authors of fantasy and beauty themes:For fantasy writers, once the works are published, the minimum remuneration is NT$ 600 yuan per thousand words, which is more stable than the starting subscription income;If the sales volume of physical books exceeds the minimum guaranteed quantity of Xianwang, you can receive royalties.When the author agrees that Xianwang will be published or adapted into games or movies in markets outside Taiwan Province, he can get a licensing fee.At the same time, as a strategic alliance partner of Xianwang, the authors of China original literature alliance (Magic Sword and Book Alliance, Tianyi Literature, Dragon Sky, Climbing E Station, Cuiweiju and Surfing Literature) can also contribute to the editor of Xianwang.For the authors who are addicted to beauty:If more than three books are published in Xianwang (one book with the same title or series), the manuscript fee for the fourth book will be raised to more than NT$ 30,000.This news caused a heated discussion among mainland authors.

In 2006

The Feixiang Publishing House was rumored to have closed down, and later reorganized into the Red Bean Culture Publishing House, and the publishing volume dropped greatly.

In January, when the number of submissions increased, Xianwang lifted the restriction of "online priority publishing rights". Previously, Xianwang had the right to decide whether to publish the work according to the quality of the work first. If Xianwang decided to publish the work within one month of the author’s submission, it must be published within six months, otherwise the publishing right will return to the author after six months. Authors can contribute to other publishing houses to attract more authors to open columns on Xianwang.

On March 13th, Xianwang encouraged readers to buy published books or recharge e-books in Xianwang’s online bookstore to become "Fresh Book Friends", and "Fresh Book Friends" could read part of the first episode of e-books launched by Xianwang for free. At the same time, the popular e-books on mainland literature websites are also on the shelves of Xianwang’s online bookstores.

In May, in view of the frequent phenomenon of website piracy and plagiarism, Xianwang launched the corresponding reporting and handling methods. Readers can leave a message or send an email on the discussion board to report stealing or plagiarism. Xianwang will investigate and give the author three days to respond. If the author apologizes or explains the situation within three days, the relevant column will be deleted. If the author does not respond after three days, the account will be closed. As the same IP has been stolen repeatedly, the IP will be blocked.

In June, the website page was revised. The classification of the works of Xianwang is improved, and more attention is paid to the subdivision of readers; The pattern of the four major works-Yiwen Pavilion, Langqing Pavilion, Fanren Pavilion and Latte Pavilion-has basically been laid. Among them, there are martial arts Xianxia, fantasy, suspense and light novels in the different language halls; There are romantic fantasy, beauty obsession, romance and other types in Langqing Pavilion. The fan library can publish fan humanities and fan maps; Latte Hall can publish poems, essays, gay literature and other works.

In 2007

In July, Xianwang collected a "trial reading brigade" from readers, who can apply for a trial reading of the upcoming novel and make comments and suggestions.

the year of 2008

In September, Xianwang launched a new VIP system and a new virtual currency "fresh currency", with a ratio of 1: 1 to NT dollars and a ratio of 1: 1 to Qidou shopping money. Mainland users can recharge fresh coins through Alipay and credit cards. At the same time, influenced by the VIP mechanism in mainland China, Xianwang launched a new VIP system, and began to charge according to the number of words rather than the number of articles. The price per thousand words was NT$ 0.2. After the author joins VIP, there will be a dedicated network editor. Xianwang implies that entity publishing will also find the target in VIP works, and VIP works can still be voted by readers. However, due to the stipulation that published works cannot be serialized on the Internet, readers still prefer to buy physical books offline rather than pay for reading online, and VIP subscription income is not the main source of author’s income.

In December, Xianwang expanded its enrollment to edit the theme of beauty and light novels. Danmei has become the type feature of Xianwang.

In 2009

In January, the website page was revised again, and "daily tweets" appeared in the middle of the page, recommending works to readers according to various categories every day. Readers don’t need to search and find their own works, and the influence of website editing and recommendation on the popularity of works is improved.

onemoonOn the 26th, Xianwang launched the "Writer’s Star" activity, which explored new authors who were welcomed by readers and had potential among non-VIP authors, and encouraged new authors to sign contracts with websites to enter V.

2In June, the website launched a grading system.Writers can move existing articles into folders and grade them (mainly to distinguish whether they contain eighteen banned contents), and readers can choose whether to accept eighteen banned contents in their personal settings.

In April, the website launched a new "Drawing Gallery" section, where artists can publish illustrations, fan drawings, cartoons, picture books and Gif animations.

In June, the website launched an exclusive author’s management page, and the author can not log in.(dry) landAs a writer in the case of a member.(dry) landManage articles to make the management system more stable and convenient.

In August, the number of readers who can vote every day changed from two to three, which can support different columns of three writers, and each vote can be converted into two writers’ points;The category of "Romance" in "Langqing Pavilion" was renamed as "Love Novel".

2010 years

At the beginning of the year, Xianwang began to explore the cooperation projects of mobile e-books, which have been put on the shelves of mobile e-books malls of China Mobile (Mainland China), Chunghwa Telecom (Taiwan Province), Yuanchuan Telecom (Taiwan Province) and other communication companies, and have begun to cooperate with e-reader manufacturers on both sides of the strait.

In March, Xianwang launched the service of selling chronicles on behalf of India, including prepress production, printing and consignment by Qidou Shopping Network.

fourmoonIn view of the difficulty in connecting when visiting Xianwang in mainland China, Xianwang has added a special domain name for mainland China:Http://xianxian.mooo.com or http://mfn.moo.o.com。

In June, Xianwang was released to readers.(dry) landThe restrictions, the reader is not boarding.(dry) landYou can also read some free and public articles in the case of;For VIP works that have not been updated for 2 consecutive months and the author cannot be contacted, Xianwang provides refund service.

sevenmoonIn view of the increasing number of pornographic content on certain topics, Xianwang forces the author to re-grade or modify the works containing eighteen forbidden contents.

▲ Qidou Shopping Network icon

In 2011

In January, fresh coins were used separately from Qidou shopping money, and fresh coins became the exclusive virtual currency of Xianwang. NT$ 1 can be converted into S $25, and the price of VIP works per thousand words becomes S $5.

In October, Xianwang once again forced the author to classify the works with pure H content, human and beast H content, underage (children) H content or bloody violence content accounting for 30% as "eighteen prohibitions" to avoid reporting; The layout of the website has been changed again, highlighting the significance of the list: the classification of works has moved to the top, and the weekly tweets and VIP fresh shelves occupy the visual core.

In December, the mobile version of the website of Xianwang was launched. Traditional is http://www.myfreshnet.com/BIG5

/MF； Simplified is http://www.myfreshnet.com/GB/MF.

In 2012

There is a vicious price war in Taiwan Province’s publishing market, and the market income of fresh-net physical books has declined sharply.

In March, some works of Jinjiang Literature City settled in Xianwang, and Xianwang specially set up a "Jinjiang Pavilion" section for it. Its sub-sections included six categories: romantic fantasy, beauty-seeking BL, beauty-seeking GL, love novel, beauty-seeking fan, and humanity. However, some authors in Jinjiang said in Jinjiang Forum that Jinjiang had not informed this situation.

In April, Xianwang sub-section "Fresh Book City" was launched, and readers can download e-books for a fee.

fiveIn June, some works of Fengmingxuan and Zongheng Chinese Network were settled in, and Xianwang also provided special partitions.There are two kinds of fantasy and love novels under Fengmingxuan Pavilion.Under the "Vertical and Horizontal Pavilion" of the vertical and horizontal Chinese website, there are four categories: fantasy, reasoning thriller, love novel and martial arts Xianxia.

In 2014

In April, the fresh network server frequently appeared abnormal.

In May, Xianwang experienced poor management and a shortage of capital turnover, and it was reported that it was in arrears with the author’s manuscript fee. It is reported that each author’s owed manuscript fee ranges from several thousand yuan to several hundred thousand NT dollars. According to Xia Meng, the author of Xianwang, the amount of arrears has accumulated to several million NT dollars. Some authors want to go to the office, but they find that people are empty. The website refused to respond for reasons such as "insufficient manpower". In this case, many authors decided to take back the copyright of the works signed by Xianwang and initiated judicial proceedings, but it was unsuccessful because the person in charge was overseas. At the same time, Xianwang updated its rules and regulations, saying that readers who have not used VIP services for more than two months will be charged a "service fee" of 500 Singapore dollars (about 20 Taiwan dollars) per month, which caused public outrage. In May, the website of Xianwang could not log in and the website was shut down.

reference data

1. Relevant historical materials come from the historical web pages of Internet archives.

2. Xianwen. com: Xianwang first published a book for the author of its Xianwen. com, originally published in Xianwen. com, published on June 6, 2000 in http://www.myfreshnet.com:80/BIG5/literature/books.asp, and inquired on April 19, 2018.

3. Fresh Literature Network: Fresh Writer VIP Free Travel FAQ, originally published on the bulletin board of Fresh Literature Network, published on August 8, 2005 in http://www.myfreshnet.com:80/BIG5/freelancer/free_faq.asp, and inquired on April 19, 2018.

4. Fresh Literature Network: "Attention! ! Attention! ! The highest remuneration for writers is open to the public, so those who want to be writers should look carefully! ! ! (A thousand words and a thousand yuan’s remuneration has been made public), originally published on the bulletin board of Xianwen. com, published on August 8, 2005, http://www.myfreshnet.com/big5/literature/announcement/20050808.htm, and inquired on April 26, 2018.

5. Xianwen. com: "Unblock the Submission Channels and Prosper the Fantasy Market Together", originally published on the bulletin board of Xianwen. com, dated August 8, 2005, http://myfreshnet.com: 80/big5/literature/announcement/20050825.htm, and inquired on April 26, 2018.

6. Historians of later generations: Fantasy Website Fengyunlu, published in 2005, is no longer available. The version based on this article is Fantasy Website Fengyunlu of Xizi Academy, which was last updated on July 5, 2005. The website is http://www.westshu.com/xiaolei32693/index.htm, and the query date is January 7, 2019.

7.weid: Ten Years of Online Reading (1998-2008), published in Longkong Forum on June 15th, 2008, revised on May 9th, 2010, website: http://www.lkong.net/thread-236350-1-1.html, and query date: January 7th, 2019.

8. Cloud Burning Day: "Those Years, the Fresh Net in Our Memory", published on the Netease blog of Cloud Burning Day, the release date: August 7, 2013, the website: https://pilling18.rssing.com/chan-10194084/article115.html, and the query date: July 31, 2021.

9. Apple Daily: "Where is my novel? Strike of Writers in Arrears of Xianwang, originally published in Apple Daily, published on April 21st, 2014 in https://tw.appledaily.com/new/realtime/20140421/382718/, and inquired on April 19th, 2018.

10. Miss Qiu Misan: "My Days in Xianwang" was published in Zhihu on July 24, 2017, with the website in https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28081447 and the inquiry date on January 7, 2019.

(Liu Xinyi)

It connects the fresh culture of online serialization and offline publishing.

What kind of operating structure does it have?

Named dreamy "Green Forest" and "Stevia Sugar"

Which book series does Xianwang represent?

More content, all in "A Brief Chronological History of China Network Literature"

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　　CCTV News:The China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC) announced in official website today that in order to further standardize the insurance sales service behavior, solve the problem of sales fraud and misleading that consumers are concerned about, and effectively optimize the insurance consumption environment, the China CIRC has recently issued the Interim Measures for the Retrospective Management of Insurance Sales Behavior.

　　Through retrospective management of insurance sales behaviors of insurance companies and insurance intermediaries, the Measures record and save key links in the insurance sales process, so that sales behaviors can be replayed, important information can be inquired, and problem responsibilities can be confirmed.

　　The "Measures" clarify that insurance companies and insurance intermediaries should record the whole process of insurance coverage when conducting telephone sales business; To carry out internet insurance business, retrospective management should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the supervision of internet insurance business; If an insurance company sells life insurance products with an insurance period of more than one year through a part-time insurance agency (including sales with self-service terminals and other equipment in the business premises of the part-time insurance agency), it is necessary to record and video key links; Through other sales channels, selling life insurance products with an insurance period of more than one year to policyholders aged 60 or above, or selling investment-linked insurance products, should record and video key links.

　　Insurance companies and insurance intermediaries should strengthen the protection of the personal information of the insured and the insured in strict accordance with the relevant laws and regulations, and strictly keep confidential audio-visual materials and electronic data such as audio and video recordings, and shall not leak or copy them without authorization. It is strictly forbidden to use the materials for other commercial purposes. (CCTV reporter Wang Shantao)

When it comes to Teresa Teng, it can be said that it is a household name. Some people describe that Teresa Teng’s songs can be heard everywhere in the world where Chinese is spoken. Many experts believe that no one can surpass her artistic height and popularity in pop music so far.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, with the deepening of reform and opening-up in the Mainland, Teresa Teng’s songs spread all over China like a whirlwind, and her fans were really many. However, Teresa Teng, who has never set foot on his homeland in his life, has a long-cherished "root-seeking" past to return to the mainland, which is little known. When I was the Minister of Culture and Sports in the Hong Kong Branch of Xinhua News Agency, I had contact with Teresa Teng and did some work to help her realize her wish of "seeking roots" in the Mainland. In contact with her, she talked about her dreams more than once: going back to the mainland, holding solo concerts in several big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, meeting mainland fans, buying a house in Suzhou, and living a comfortable and leisurely life in the mainland in the future. Regrettably, her dream was "discouraged" by the highest authorities in Taiwan Province at that time, but it has not been realized.

This year coincides with the 60th anniversary of Teresa Teng’s birth, recalling the past as if it were yesterday. I wrote it in writing as a memorial to this famous, homesick diva.

I heard Teresa Teng sing for the first time

In the spring of 1985, I was invited to attend the Taiqing Gala in tvbi. That was the first time I saw Teresa Teng singing on the stage.

On that night, Hong Kong and Taiwan singers gathered together, each showing his charm. Teresa Teng, who is well-known at home and abroad, was the signing singer and the host of the "singing program" of the wireless TV station. Because of the support of many old friends and members of the Teresa Teng fan club invited in advance, the atmosphere of the party was very warm. Most of the songs performed by Teresa Teng are Cantonese and Mandarin songs that Hong Kong people love to hear, such as A Thousand Words, A Story of a Small Town, Where does the Wind Come from, etc.

At the end of the get-together, I happened to meet some friends from Hong Kong literary and art circles, including singers and composers who have worked with Teresa Teng, loyal fans of Teresa Teng, and overseas Chinese who came from the United States to watch Teresa Teng sing. Everyone praised Teresa Teng’s wonderful singing. I’ve only heard her singing on the radio and read articles introducing her in newspapers and magazines before, but seeing with my own eyes makes people feel that she is really a talented and rare superstar in the music world. She has a wide range of songs, and she can sing any national songs and Cantonese songs, including folk operas, minor songs, Tang poetry and Song lyrics, as well as English songs and Japanese songs. And I like the classical songs she wrote in Tang poetry and Song poetry best, such as Li Yu’s "Going to the West Building alone", Su Shi’s "I hope people will last for a long time", Fan Zhongyan’s "The grass is ruthless" and Xin Qiji’s "I want to talk about it" and so on. The national traditional singing method shows her unique singing style.

She looks beautiful in the typhoon. Sometimes she wears cheongsam on the stage, sometimes she wears a country girl’s blouse, and sometimes she wears a student’s dress. She is simple and generous and very youthful. The most rare thing is her good voice. Her lyrics are clear, her feelings are pure and lingering. The same song she sang is just different, with rhyme and flavor, euphemistic and delicate.

During the conversation, the words of an overseas Chinese caught my attention. He said that the reform and opening up in the mainland has formed a strong "root-seeking" fever among the vast number of overseas wanderers, and Teresa Teng is one of them. Her ancestral home is in the mainland and she really wants to go back to her hometown. At the same time, she also knows that there are many fans in the mainland. It would be better if she had the opportunity to sing and meet the fans.

At that time, in the special environment of Hong Kong, there were many favorable conditions to carry out personnel exchanges and cultural exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. After hearing that Teresa Teng has the desire to go back to the mainland to "find her roots", I came up with the idea of promoting her to return to the mainland for a concert as soon as possible.

See you at Shatian Racecourse, Teresa Teng.

One afternoon in the autumn of 1986, the wind was breezy and the sunset glow was gradually dyed. Comrade Chen Bojian, deputy director of Xinhua Branch, his wife and senior editor Hu Xiuya, and I went to Sha Tin Racecourse to watch horse races at the invitation of our Hong Kong friend Mr. Wu Duotai and his wife Ms. Zhu Lianfen (both of them are members of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, and Ms. Zhu Lianfen is also the president of the Hong Kong Writers Association). We drove around the foot of Lion Mountain along the seawall and headed for the racecourse. Mr. Wu and Sister Zhu greeted us at the door. Mr. Wu said: Horse racing is a special way of life for Hong Kong people. You have been in Hong Kong for many years, and it is rare to have a chance to watch horse racing at ordinary times. I invite you to come and play together today. I thought Mr. Deng Xiaoping said that after Hong Kong’s return to China, he ran and danced with horses. We said just look at it. Ms. Zhu said: You can’t just watch it. You don’t know what a real horse race is without betting. Everyone laughed.

There was still some time to leave the competition, and Zhu Lianfen walked to the next hall. Soon she came back and said to me, "What a coincidence, Teresa Teng is here today. You are in charge of cultural work. Do you want to meet her?" At that time, Taiwan Province was still in opposition to the mainland because of its three noes policy of no contact, no negotiation and no compromise, so I said, "As long as she doesn’t mind, of course she can." When we entered the hall, I saw Teresa Teng chatting and joking with some young people. Ms. Zhu called Teresa Teng over and only said to her, "I’d like to introduce you. This is Mr. Han. Let’s talk." He walked away. Teresa Teng’s dress surprised me. She was wearing jeans and faded a little. No makeup, pretty and generous, full of energy. For some unknown reason, she casually asked me, "Are you from Taipei?" I’m a little surprised. Didn’t Ms. Zhu introduce me to her? I said to her bluntly, "No, I’m from Beijing. My name is Li Han. I’m glad to meet Miss Deng here today." And handed her a business card. She paused after reading it, a little embarrassed. In order to ease the atmosphere, I then asked, "I heard that you want to go back to the mainland. Is that true?" She replied frankly: "The mainland is my hometown, and I have been looking forward to going back for a long time. If possible, I would like to hold a solo concert and meet my fans to thank them for their support and care. Just don’t know how to get there? " Teresa Teng seemed to have something to say when the bell rang, so I had to say to her, "Your idea is very good.The horse race has started. We’ll have a chance to meet again later, and then we’ll talk about it in detail. "We hurried to say goodbye.

Invite Teresa Teng to the movies.

After I reported my conversation with Teresa Teng at Shatian Racecourse to the branch leader, after the branch study, I decided that Comrade Peng Yanyan from the Literature and Art Department of our department and I would further contact with Teresa Teng.

One afternoon, we invited Teresa Teng and her secretary to see a movie at Southern Film Distribution Company (a company that distributes China films to Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asian countries). There were many films. We took out the China film list and asked her to choose. She looked through the pages carefully and carefully. Finally, she chose two films reflecting the life in the mainland in the 1930s: Camel Xiangzi and Thunderstorm. In a small projection room that can accommodate 20 or 30 people, only the four of us can watch and talk easily. We prepared some refreshments and watched two movies all afternoon.

Teresa Teng was fascinated, but his mood seemed dignified. After watching it, she said with emotion: "I like these two movies very much. As an artist in Taiwan Province, it can be said that it is a blow." I didn’t quite understand what she said at that time. Then she added: "I thought that mainland films were all for publicity, but I didn’t expect to make such a good art film. Some scenes moved me to tears."

After listening to these words, I realized what she meant by "a blow to the head". I don’t believe what she said was polite. I have come into contact with some people in Taiwan Province’s literary and art circles in my work, and their feelings about the mainland are somewhat similar to those of Teresa Teng.

It’s time for dinner. We invited Teresa Teng to dinner at the Liyuan Hotel where she stayed. I asked her if she liked Chinese food or western food, and she said that western food didn’t suit her, but Chinese food was better. After serving, Teresa Teng added, "I can’t eat such a rich dish. I just saw Tigress, Xiangzi and Aunt Lu’s family in the movie, and I felt very sad. I can’t bear to eat such good food now. I will even think about these stories when I sleep in these two or three days. " Her dignified expression shows her tender and kind nature. I think this is probably related to her poor family when she was a child and the ups and downs she encountered in her artistic career. So we turned the topic to the question of her returning to the mainland.

I asked her what specific thoughts she had about going back to the mainland. She said: I heard from my parents that there is an aunt in my hometown of daming county, Hebei Province who has never met before. If I can go back, I must visit her old man’s house. Speaking of holding a solo concert, she said: I heard that many young people in the mainland like my songs, and I am certainly very happy if I can sing. For those who have difficulties in life, tickets can be free. As for the income from the performance, I would like to donate it to public utilities in the Mainland, including the construction of public toilets. In addition, she and the secretary also talked about some specific problems in performance, such as lighting, sound, and making audio tapes and CDs. We said that we are responsible for reflecting these problems to the relevant mainland units, and if there is a possibility of holding a concert, the organizer will negotiate with Miss Deng to solve them.

Dream blocked, lifelong regret

With the deepening of contact, the branch leaders decided that Peng Yanyan and I would go to Beijing to report to the Ministry of Culture about Teresa Teng’s return to the mainland. At that time, the leaders of the Ministry of Culture attached great importance to this matter, thinking that Teresa Teng was quite influential in Hong Kong, Taiwan and overseas music circles, and there were many fans in the Mainland. It would be a good thing if she could come back to visit and even hold a concert in a certain range, so we should strive for her to make it. However, since the Taiwan Province authorities had not lifted the martial law against the mainland and pursued the "three noes" policy at that time, whether Teresa Teng could go back to the mainland to visit relatives and hold a concert depended on the attitude of the Taiwan Province authorities. As expected, Teresa Teng never contacted us again, so the matter was shelved. Many years later, I learned from an article in Hong Kong’s "Hong Kong News" that Teresa Teng’s dream of "seeking roots" failed to come true because of the "dissuasion" of the highest authorities in Taiwan Province.

One day in May, 1995, I was startled to see the report of Teresa Teng’s death in Thailand from the Reference News. After a moment of silence, many past events came to mind. I didn’t expect Teresa Teng, who was only 42 years old, to leave the world so early. In recent years, great changes have taken place in cross-strait relations compared with the 1970s and 1980s. After the realization of the "three links", people on both sides of the strait have freely traveled, and economic, trade and cultural exchanges have changed with each passing day. Working together to promote peaceful development and create a better future for the Chinese nation has become the consensus of more compatriots on both sides of the strait. It is conceivable that if Teresa Teng were alive, her dream would be closely linked with the great "Chinese Dream" and realized. Unfortunately, she was born at an untimely time and died young, which turned out to be a lifelong regret.

On the occasion of commemorating the 60th anniversary of Teresa Teng’s birth, I hereby dedicate a poem of Seven Laws:

Miss Teresa Teng

Make-up has no jeans, absolute beauty Wonderful Girl.

The charm of the music world floats all over the world, and the wanderers miss their hometown deeply.

Cross-strait exchanges and dreams are fragrant.

On the day of the return of heaven on earth, the tomb on the top of Jinbao Mountain is not yellow.

Note: Teresa Teng’s cemetery is located in Jinbaoshan, Taiwan Province. (Author: Han Li)

In order to get this gold-plated color, we must choose satin black hand-painted hood, roof and top cover on SRT customer order model. This dark gold edge is mustard yellow, and this design is in sharp contrast with the black design of satin, which makes this car even more cool.

I believe this color combination will also be recognized by many fans. Dodge first used this color on the commemorative version of this year’s fiftieth anniversary. This special color also includes: Hellrasin, Sinamon, Stick and Frostbite. There are some other adjustments for 2021. R/T Scat-packed shock absorbers and T/A 391 wide body surround, GT AWD is now a standard 20-inch wheel. SRT Hellcat and SRT Hellcat also installed the brakes of Brembo of Redeye.

Tel: 18812637416 Liu Jingli "With WeChat"

This color matching will also be ordered this month and is expected to be delivered in early 2021. I believe that many fanatical fans can’t stand their inner universe, and this color is really eye-catching. I hope that Dodge’s new model can achieve a good result after it is released.

Tel: 18812637416 Liu Jingli "With WeChat"

Dodge is a muscle car type introduced by Chrysler, and the first generation was introduced in 1970. It appeared to declare war on Ford Mustang, and it was only put into production for five short years. Between 1970 and 1974, about 188,600 vehicles were sold.

Undeniably, whether it is or not, as the concentration of American automobile culture, no matter what age it stands in, it is full of appeal and worth collecting. Of course, today, they may really be more suitable for collection. Tel: 18812637416 Liu Jingli "With WeChat"

Under the front cover, the 5.7-liter HEMI V8 of the special version R/T can output 375 HP maximum power and 556 Nm maximum torque, while the special version SRT8 is equipped with a 6.1-liter HEMI V8 with 425 HP maximum power and 569 Nm maximum torque.

This one is an entry-level one, using a 3.6L V6 naturally aspirated engine. We can also see this engine on Chrysler’s 300C, with a maximum power of 305 HP. The gearbox uses ZF’s 8-speed, just like many BMW models. As far as acceleration performance is concerned, this car really can’t run with the mustang, and it is difficult to run from 0-100km/h to 6.5 seconds. The high-end Hellcat version uses a 6.2L V8 supercharged engine, with a maximum power of more than 700 horsepower and a torque of nearly 1000 Nm, which broke through 100 in the first 3 seconds. Tel: 18812637416 Liu Jingli "With WeChat"