Bulletin of the Second National Pollution Source Survey in Hanzhong City

Hanzhong no.2 ci national pollution source census leading team office

(April 2021)

According to the National Pollution Source Survey Regulations and the Notice of the State Council on Carrying out the Second National Pollution Source Survey (Guo Fa [2016] No.59), the second national pollution source survey was carried out in our city.

The standard time of the census is December 31, 2017, and the data of the survey period is 2017. The survey targets are industrial pollution sources (hereinafter referred to as "industrial sources"), agricultural pollution sources (hereinafter referred to as "agricultural sources"), domestic pollution sources (hereinafter referred to as "living sources"), centralized pollution control facilities and mobile sources. This pollution source survey is divided into three stages: preliminary preparation, comprehensive survey and summary release: July 2017-July 2018 is the preliminary preparation stage, August 2018-October 2019 is the comprehensive prospecting stage, and November 2019 is the achievement summary and development stage.

In accordance with the unified arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government, under the correct leadership of the municipal party committee and the municipal government, the census institutions at all levels in our city have carefully organized and paid close attention to implementation, the vast number of census personnel have made selfless dedication and overcome difficulties, and the vast number of census objects have actively cooperated and participated. Our city has successfully completed the second national pollution source census task, comprehensively grasped the basic information of various pollution sources, the discharge amount of major pollutants, pollution control and other effective information, and established key pollution source files and pollution source information databases. The main data are now published as follows:

I. General situation

(A) the number of various census objects

The number of census objects in the city is 5574 (excluding mobile sources). Including 2716 industrial sources, 388 livestock and poultry farms, 2296 living sources, 163 centralized pollution treatment facilities, and 11 census objects in administrative districts.

(2) Emissions of pollutants

Total discharge of water pollution: chemical oxygen demand is 64,050 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 29,100 tons, total nitrogen is 62,200 tons, total phosphorus is 650 tons, animal and vegetable oil is 780.68 tons, petroleum is 4.00 tons, volatile phenol is 0.02 tons, cyanide is 0.41 tons, and heavy metal (lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and metalloid arsenic, the same below) is 0.27 tons.

Total emission of air pollutants: 18,000 tons of sulfur dioxide, 33,070 tons of nitrogen oxides and 43,920 tons of particulate matter. This census conducted a tentative investigation on volatile organic compounds in some industries and fields, with a discharge of 13,856.2 tons. Among them, the total amount of air pollutants discharged from key areas (downtown area) (excluding emissions from railway internal combustion engines in mobile sources) is 1,772.6 tons of sulfur dioxide, 1,648.7 tons of nitrogen oxides, 17,380.6 tons of particulate matter and 973.5 tons of volatile organic compounds.

Second, industrial sources

(1) Basic information

There are 2716 industrial enterprises or industrial activity units.

The top five counties and districts in terms of the number of industrial source census objects: 814 in Hantai District, 346 in Nanzheng District, 338 in Mian County, 328 in Chenggu County and 261 in Xixiang County, which together account for 76.8% of the total number of industrial source census objects.

The top five industries in terms of the number of industrial source census objects: 702 non-metallic mineral products, 294 agricultural and sideline food processing industries, 238 general equipment manufacturing industries, 206 metal products industries and 158 non-metallic mineral mining and dressing industries, which together account for 58.8% of the total number of industrial source census objects.

(2) Water pollutants

There are 499 sets of wastewater treatment facilities in industrial enterprises, with a designed treatment capacity of 148,700 cubic meters per day and an annual wastewater treatment capacity of 29,133,000 cubic meters.

Total discharge of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand is 1536.33 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 99.29 tons, total nitrogen is 150.15 tons, total phosphorus is 7.33 tons, petroleum is 3.97 tons, volatile phenol is 21.47 tons, cyanide is 414.166 kilograms, and heavy metal is 259.92 kilograms.

The top three industries are agricultural and sideline food processing industry (748.37 tons), pharmaceutical manufacturing industry (346.43 tons) and ferrous metal mining and dressing industry (214.89 tons), which together account for 85.2% of the chemical oxygen demand emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with ammonia nitrogen emissions are: chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing 75.36 tons, agricultural and sideline food processing 10.24 tons, and pharmaceutical manufacturing 7.11 tons, which together account for 93.4% of ammonia nitrogen emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with total nitrogen emissions are: chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing 83.53 tons, agricultural and sideline food processing 27.70 tons, and wine, beverage and refined tea manufacturing 16.49 tons, which together account for 85.1% of total nitrogen emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with total phosphorus emissions are: pharmaceutical manufacturing 2.45 tons, agricultural and sideline food processing 2.12 tons, and wine, beverage and refined tea manufacturing 1.87 tons, which together account for 87.9% of total phosphorus emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with petroleum emissions are ferrous metal mining and dressing industry, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry, and metal products industry, which together account for 96.3% of petroleum emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with cyanide emissions are non-ferrous metal mining and dressing, chemical raw materials and products manufacturing, and general equipment manufacturing, accounting for 99.9% of cyanide emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with heavy metal emissions: non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry (251.40 kg), ferrous metal mining and dressing industry (5.32 kg) and coal mining and washing industry (2.48 kg), which together account for 99.7% of heavy metal emissions from industrial sources.

Industries involved in volatile phenol emissions: only chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, emitting 21.47 tons of volatile phenol.

(3) Air pollutants

There are 165 desulfurization facilities, 20 denitration facilities and 903 dust removal facilities in industrial enterprises.

Total emission of air pollutants: 14,795.4 tons of sulfur dioxide, 20,360.8 tons of nitrogen oxides, 33,022.7 tons of particulate matter and 1,640.01 tons of volatile organic compounds.

The top three industries with sulfur dioxide emissions: ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry is 6391.97 tons, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry is 5591.57 tons, and nonmetallic mineral products industry is 1282.64 tons. The above three industries together account for 89.9% of sulfur dioxide emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries in terms of nitrogen oxide emissions are: electric power, thermal production and supply, 9221.61 tons, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, 6280.05 tons, and nonmetallic mineral products, 2887.51 tons, which together account for 90.5% of industrial nitrogen oxide emissions.

The top three industries with particulate emissions are nonmetallic mineral products industry with 21,113.04 tons, ferrous metal mining and dressing industry with 3,224.22 tons, and non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry with 2,460.81 tons, which together account for 81.0% of the particulate emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions are ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry (598.74 tons), chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry (424.92 tons) and non-metallic mineral products industry (293.94 tons), which together account for 81.3% of VOCs emissions from industrial sources.

(4) Industrial solid waste

1. General industrial solid waste                    

The output of general industrial solid waste is 9,644,613.7 tons, the comprehensive utilization amount is 4,308,141 tons (including 14,815.5 tons in previous years), the disposal amount is 131,702.5 tons (including 63,901 tons in previous years), the storage amount this year is 5,283,421.3 tons, and the dumping amount is 65.35 tons.

2. Hazardous waste

The output of hazardous waste is 235,451.4 tons, the comprehensive utilization and disposal is 180,055.9 tons, and the accumulated storage at the end of the year is 25,193.2 tons.

(5) Associated radioactive mines

The survey targets of associated radioactive mines are mainly 15 categories of mineral mining, smelting and processing industrial activity units that may be associated with natural radionuclides. Only Lueyang Jufeng Mining Co., Ltd., which was included in the census in Hanzhong City, stopped production in 2017 and did not produce wastewater, waste gas pollutants and solid waste.

Iii. Agricultural sources

(1) Basic information

Eleven counties and districts are involved in planting, aquaculture and livestock and poultry breeding, and 388 livestock and poultry farms have been investigated by households.

Total discharge of pollutants from agricultural source water: chemical oxygen demand is 28,953.44 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 396.41 tons, total nitrogen is 2,345.23 tons, and total phosphorus is 373.11 tons.

(2) Planting industry

Discharge (loss) of water pollutants: 46.51 tons of ammonia nitrogen, 560.06 tons of total nitrogen and 60.87 tons of total phosphorus.

Based on the ratio of new straw to grain, the output of straw is 1,127,600 tons, the recoverable resource of straw is 950,800 tons, and the utilization of straw is 815,100 tons.

The usage of plastic film is 1817.52 tons, and the accumulated residue for many years is 522.24 tons.

(3) Livestock and poultry breeding industry

Discharge of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand is 28,634.11 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 335.95 tons, total nitrogen is 1,726.24 tons, and total phosphorus is 308.90 tons. Among them, the discharge amount of water pollutants from livestock and poultry farms is 2,685.1 tons of chemical oxygen demand, 19.76 tons of ammonia nitrogen, 135.37 tons of total nitrogen and 39.17 tons of total phosphorus.

(4) Aquaculture (excluding algae)

Discharge of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand is 319.33 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 13.96 tons, total nitrogen is 58.93 tons, and total phosphorus is 3.34 tons.

Fourth, the source of life

(1) Basic information

There are 2296 census objects of life sources. Among them, 1,972 urban areas, counties (including established towns) and administrative villages are the basic survey units for urban and rural residents, and other survey objects include 63 boilers, 5 oil storage tanks and 256 gas stations in non-industrial enterprises.

(2) Water pollutants

Total discharge of pollutants from domestic source water: chemical oxygen demand is 33,548.17 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 2,407.37 tons, total nitrogen is 3,717.54 tons, total phosphorus is 269.29 tons, and animal and vegetable oil is 780.68 tons. Among them, the discharge of pollutants from urban domestic water: chemical oxygen demand 17608.38 tons, ammonia nitrogen 1880.27 tons, total nitrogen 2876.24 tons, total phosphorus 184.23 tons and animal and vegetable oil 321.65 tons; Discharge of pollutants from rural domestic source water: chemical oxygen demand is 15,939.79 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 527.11 tons, total nitrogen is 841.30 tons, total phosphorus is 85.06 tons, and animal and vegetable oil is 459.03 tons.

(3) Air pollutants

Emissions of air pollutants from domestic sources: 3241.92 tons of sulfur dioxide, 1959.12 tons of nitrogen oxides, 10391.32 tons of particulate matter and 7380.91 tons of volatile organic compounds.

V. Centralized pollution control facilities

(1) Basic information

There are 111 centralized sewage treatment units, 47 centralized domestic waste treatment and disposal units, and 5 centralized hazardous waste utilization and disposal (treatment) units.

Pollutant discharge of waste water (leachate) from garbage disposal and hazardous waste (medical waste) disposal: chemical oxygen demand is 9.91 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 2.74 tons, total nitrogen is 3.84 tons, total phosphorus is 0.20 tons, and heavy metal is 8.84 kg.

Emissions of pollutants from hazardous waste (medical waste) incineration waste gas: 5.66 tons of sulfur dioxide, 24.42 tons of nitrogen oxides and 1.60 tons of particulate matter.

(II) Centralized sewage treatment

The total annual sewage treatment capacity is 76.0662 million cubic meters. Among them, there are 24 urban sewage treatment plants, which treat 73.8208 million cubic meters of sewage; There are 86 centralized sewage treatment facilities in rural areas, treating 1.047 million cubic meters of sewage; 1 other sewage treatment facility, with a sewage treatment capacity of 1,198,400 cubic meters.

Reduction of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand 11584.94 tons, ammonia nitrogen 1421.55 tons, total nitrogen 1662.19 tons, total phosphorus 144.17 tons and animal and vegetable oil 115.78 tons.

The output of dry sludge is 12,500 tons, and the disposal capacity is 12,500 tons.

(3) Centralized treatment and disposal of domestic garbage

The garbage disposal capacity is 674,200 tons, and all the disposal methods are landfill.

(4) centralized utilization and disposal (treatment) of hazardous wastes

There are 4 hazardous waste disposal plants and 1 medical waste treatment (disposal) plant. The designed disposal and utilization capacity is 690,800 tons/year, and the actual total amount of hazardous waste disposal and utilization is 129,600 tons. Among them, 3,529 tons of industrial hazardous waste, 2,052 tons of medical waste, and 123,988 tons of hazardous waste were comprehensively utilized.

Six, mobile source

(1) Basic information

Mobile source survey objects include motor vehicles and off-road mobile sources. Statistics show that the number of motor vehicles is 565,200, the total diesel power of agricultural machinery is 1,006,384 kilowatts, and there are 10,753 flights of civil aircraft.

Total emission of air pollutants: 10,774.63 tons of nitrogen oxides, 435.25 tons of particulate matter and 3,285.71 tons of volatile organic compounds.

(2) Motor vehicle pollution sources

Emissions of air pollutants: 4932.53 tons of nitrogen oxides, 84.91 tons of particulate matter and 2590.47 tons of volatile organic compounds.

(3) Non-road mobile pollution sources

Emissions of air pollutants: 5842.10 tons of nitrogen oxides, 350.34 tons of particulate matter and 695.24 tons of volatile organic compounds. Among them, construction machinery discharged 3438.81 tons of nitrogen oxides, 147.28 tons of particulate matter and 368.56 tons of volatile organic compounds; Agricultural machinery emits 2351.57 tons of nitrogen oxides, 201.34 tons of particulate matter and 322.81 tons of volatile organic compounds; Civil aviation aircraft emitted 51.72 tons of nitrogen oxides, 1.72 tons of particulate matter and 3.87 tons of volatile organic compounds.

Note     explain

Key areas: including Hantai District (including Hanzhong Economic and Technological Development Zone) and Nanzheng District.

General survey of industrial sources: including all industrial enterprises or industrial activity units in 41 industries in the three categories of mining, manufacturing, electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply in the National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T4754—2017). 15 categories of mineral mining, smelting and processing industry activity units in 8 categories of key industries that may be associated with natural radionuclides. Does not include sewage treatment and its recycling (industry code is 4620) enterprises.

Scope of agricultural source survey: including planting, livestock and poultry breeding (excluding retail investors) and aquaculture (excluding algae).

The scope of life source survey: including the generation and discharge of domestic sewage, the energy use of urban and rural residents, boilers, oil storage tanks and gas stations in non-industrial enterprises.

General survey scope of centralized pollution control facilities: including centralized sewage treatment units, centralized domestic garbage treatment and disposal units and centralized hazardous waste utilization and disposal (treatment) units.

Scope of mobile source survey: including motor vehicles and off-road mobile sources, and the survey is published in administrative districts.

Accounting scope of volatile organic compounds: energy consumption of industrial enterprises and organized emission of main product production processes, living consumption of urban and rural residents, use of architectural coatings and adhesives, urban asphalt road paving, oil storage and civil gas stations open to the outside world, motor vehicles and off-road mobile sources.

No mechanical adjustment has been made for the errors caused by the choice of decimals in the total figures and some calculated data in the bulletin. (Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment)

[Text/Observer Network Xiong Chaoran] "Does the United States really dare to freeze or even confiscate China’s official reserve assets?" Last month, Wang Yongli, former vice president of Bank of China and a senior researcher at Chongyang Financial Research Institute of Renmin University of China, asked this question in an article he wrote.

This is indeed a good question, especially after the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States and its allies imposed severe sanctions on the Russian central bank, making about half of its foreign exchange reserves unusable. The West also cut off some large Russian banks from the western financial system and banned many high-tech products from exporting to Russia.

In the latest issue of The Economist, published on April 23rd, local time, the magazine interviewed many experts and scholars, and analyzed and discussed this question-if China acts at the geopolitical level, such as the mainland’s "Wu Tong" Taiwan Province, will the west treat China like Russia?

According to the article, most experts agree that it is impossible for western countries, led by the United States, to seriously damage China, the world’s second largest economy, while their own financial systems and trade markets are not seriously damaged. Therefore, for this reason, the West may "be afraid to go that far".

Screenshot of The Economist report

The article first quotes Eswar Prasad, a professor at Cornell University in the United States, saying that "the United States and its allies certainly have ways to deal with China". He believes that at present, the power center of global finance is still firmly occupied by the West, and two-thirds of China’s $3.2 trillion foreign exchange reserves may be western government bonds, and the United States and European countries can freeze these assets when necessary.

"But do western countries really dare (freeze assets)?" Subsequently, this article in The Economist immediately raised such a question. According to the article, freezing China’s foreign exchange reserves may not cause too much instability. China can find other ways to fight back, and the large amount of assets held by westerners in China will also be worrying.

Gerard Pi Bo, a senior researcher at the Center for International Strategy and Studies (CSIS), pointed out that in return, China could confiscate foreigners’ assets in China. By the end of last year, foreigners had $3.6 trillion in direct investment in China, including fixed factories and $2.2 trillion in stocks, bonds and other "portfolio" investments, which was six times as much as the equivalent assets held by foreign countries in Russia.

Data Map: Employees of a foreign trade enterprise in Pingxiang Logistics Park of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area are producing exported electronic products.. Photo from Xinhua News Agency

"What if the West also imposes sanctions on financial institutions other than the Bank of China?" The Economist has considered this question again, and the answer is that this may make western institutions face "financial backlash".

According to the data of the Financial Stability Board (FSB), an international financial regulator, among the 30 banks with "specific systemic importance" in the world, 4 are China banks. If these banks are attacked, it may harm the interests of western institutions that provide loans to them or open accounts there.

Clay Lowery of the International Finance Association (IIF), a bankers’ organization, said that he was "not confident" about whether western countries had the confidence to cut off the business of China banks in order to keep their financial stability undisturbed.

The article points out that if the West adopts these sanctions against China, it will also cause serious damage to trade. Last year, less than one-fifth of China’s trade was settled in RMB, and most of the rest was settled in US dollars.

Martin Chorzempa, a senior researcher at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in the United States, said: "Without insurance and trade credit, many economic activities will dry up. Since China is a major trading partner of more than 120 countries, this kind of destruction may turn the rest of the world against the United States and its allies. "

According to the article, China accounts for 18% of the total imports of the United States and more than 22% of the total imports of the European Union, including many parts used in domestic manufacturing. Therefore, blocking trade with China may harm the country’s own production, including its exports.

The proportion of parts and components of electronic and electrical products imported from China in 2020 is shown in The Economist.

According to the simulation calculation of Gabriel Felbermayr, a professor at Vienna University of Economics and his co-authors, if the United States and its allies cut China’s imports by more than 90%, its own exports will drop by nearly 10%.

Western experts believe that China’s most important influence comes from its vast market. The United States may want to deprive China of some high-tech R&D, such as semiconductors, but according to the data of Boston Consulting Group (BCG), a total ban on semiconductor production will cost American semiconductor companies 37% of their income and endanger more than 120,000 jobs.

At the end of the article, it is said that the West can strike Russia harder economically whenever Russia tries to fight back, but this may not be the case for China, which in turn will make China fight back. For example, as far as China is concerned, the export restriction of rare earth can be used as a tool, and rare earth is used in many electronic products, which may disrupt the supply chain of other manufacturing segments of electric vehicle battery boxes.

"Then, if the United States and its allies impose the same sanctions on China as on Russia, they may suffer considerable pain. For this reason, they may not dare to go that far, but they certainly hope that China will not find out. " The article draws such a conclusion.

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.

The COVID-19 epidemic has lasted for more than four years, and Covid-19 is still raging around the world. According to statistics, nearly 7 million people infected with COVID-19 around the world have died of infection. In fact, the main cause of illness deterioration and even death of most patients is not the virus itself, but the excessive inflammatory reaction and inflammatory factor storm caused by Covid-19. However, the specific mechanism of how the virus triggers such a strong inflammatory response in the lungs is still unclear.

Recently, the Chinese research team of the University of Southern California published an important achievement in the journal Nature Cell Biology. Studies have revealed that Covid-19 can trigger a stronger inflammatory response than other RNA viruses. Surprisingly, this inflammatory factor storm is not caused by the rapid replication infection of the virus to lung epithelial cells, but by the "frustration infection" of the virus to a large number of immune cells pouring into the lungs in the later stage, that is, the virus can not complete the replication infection process.

The researchers further revealed the mechanism of Covid-19 infecting immune cells and triggering the storm of inflammatory factors: Toll-like receptor 1(TLR1) on the surface of immune cells recognizes the structural proteins E (envelope glycoprotein) and M (matrix protein) of Covid-19, so that the virus is endocytosed, thus causing "frustration infection". In addition, the binding of Covid-19 envelope glycoprotein E to immune cells TLR1 can directly activate the inflammatory response of immune cells, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory factors, which is the root cause of cytokine storm caused by Covid-19.

Dr. Duan Tianhao, Dr. Xing Changsheng and Dr. Chu Junjun are the co-first authors of this paper, and Professor Wang Rongfu is the correspondent author.

In order to explore the uniqueness of Covid-19’s strong inflammatory response, scientists screened 27 kinds of protein coded by Covid-19. Studies have revealed that Covid-19-encoded protein named NSP14 can directly promote the phosphorylation of IKK, a key kinase complex in the inflammatory signaling pathway, and significantly enhance the inflammatory response.

Interestingly, another Covid-19-encoded protein named ORF6 can inhibit inflammatory reaction and can be anchored to cell membrane. ORF6 significantly inhibits the activation of inflammatory reaction by preventing the nuclear entry of inflammatory transcription factor NF-κ B..

However, NSP14 promotes inflammation and ORF6 inhibits inflammation. What will be the final result of these two actions? Scientists have noticed that there was no obvious inflammatory reaction in the early stage of Covid-19 infection, but the inflammatory reaction increased significantly in the middle and late stage. This suggests that NSP14 and ORF6 may have different expression patterns at different stages of infection, which may lead to clinical observation.

After consulting the data, scientists noticed that there was a large amount of immune cell infiltration in Covid-19’s lungs at the late stage of infection. This leads to a guess: Will these infiltrated immune cells be infected by Covid-19, and then release a large number of inflammatory factors?

To answer these questions, researchers conducted a series of experiments. They used a modified version of Covid-19 labeled with green fluorescence to infect lung epithelial cells and immune cells respectively. The results showed that only lung epithelial cells showed fluorescent signal, indicating that Covid-19 could only replicate when infected with epithelial cells, but could not replicate when infected with immune cells (frustration infection). On the contrary, although a low level of inflammatory reaction activation was detected in lung epithelial cells, a strong inflammatory signal activation was detected in immune cells.

Scientists speculate that the different expression patterns of NSP14 and ORF6 in lung epithelial cells and immune cells may lead to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction in epithelial cells and the activation of inflammatory reaction in immune cells, which may be related to Covid-19’s "frustrated infection" in immune cells.

Traditionally, lung epithelial cells are the main target of infection in Covid-19, because there is a key receptor protein ACE2 on its surface, which can bind to Covid-19 spike protein S and promote the virus to invade cells. Immune cells, on the other hand, are not considered to have ACE2 receptors, so they are usually not considered to be infected by Covid-19.

However, further research shows that Covid-19 can infect immune cells despite the lack of ACE2 receptor, but due to the lack of ACE2, the virus cannot replicate after entering immune cells (frustration infection). What is even more surprising is that this "frustration infection" causes Covid-19 to selectively express NSP14 protein which promotes inflammatory response, but not ORF6 protein which inhibits inflammation, thus aggravating the inflammatory response of immune cells and promoting the generation of inflammatory storm.

Accordingly, scientists describe the complete mechanism of inflammation induced by Covid-19:

In the early stage, Covid-19 mainly infected lung epithelial cells through ACE2 receptor, where the virus quickly replicated and released a large number of virus particles to infect other epithelial cells. Although lung epithelial cells also express a small amount of TLR1 receptor and can be activated by virus, the expression of TLR1 in epithelial cells is much lower than that in immune cells, and the activation level of inflammatory signals is weak. In addition, due to Covid-19’s massive expression of inflammatory inhibitory protein ORF6 in epithelial cells, the inflammatory reaction was effectively inhibited. Therefore, the early stage of Covid-19 infection is mainly characterized by virus replication, accompanied by weak inflammatory reaction, that is, asymptomatic infection period.

In the late stage, the viral load reached the peak, the replication speed decreased, and a large number of immune cells gathered in the lungs. Immune cells recognize and bind the structural proteins E and M of the virus through the highly expressed TLR1 receptor, which triggers the activation of severe inflammatory reaction. At the same time, the virus binding to TLR1 can enter the immune cells through endocytosis. This "frustrated infection" mode prevents the virus from forming a replication and transcription complex RTC to transcribe the subgenomic RNA of the virus. Due to the lack of subgenomic RNA, viral structural proteins and viral accessory proteins including ORF6 cannot be expressed, but the pro-inflammatory protein NSP14 can be directly translated through genomic RNA. Because only NSP14 is expressed without ORF6, the inflammatory reaction is further aggravated, and immune cells release a large number of inflammatory factors, triggering a storm of inflammatory factors.

In addition, scientists have also studied other human coronaviruses of Coronaviridae. They found that SARS-CoV-1 triggered a large number of inflammatory reactions through the same molecular mechanism as SARS-CoV-2, and even the ability of its E protein to induce inflammation in immune cells was higher than that of SARS-CoV-2. This explains why the mortality rate of SARS-CoV-1 was as high as 11% when it broke out 20 years ago, far exceeding the current epidemic of SARS-CoV-2.

In contrast, other mild human coronaviruses, such as OC43, NL63 and 229E, have weak binding ability to TLR1, which also explains that their symptoms are usually mild.

This study reveals in detail the complete molecular mechanism of Covid-19 from its early entry into the human body for replication to its late stage, which leads to severe inflammation and death of patients, and provides important theoretical guidance for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. At the same time, the study also found that the small molecule inhibitor of TLR1 may be a better choice for the treatment of severe COVID-19 infection.

　　According to the WeChat WeChat official account of Shenzhen Health and Health Commission, there were 27 new positive cases in Shenzhen from 0: 00 to 24: 00 on September 29th, 15 cases were diagnosed as confirmed cases in COVID-19, and 12 cases were diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people in Covid-19.

　　Among them, 18 cases were found in centralized isolated observers, 4 cases were found in home isolated medical observers, 4 cases were found in non-closed-loop management key personnel screening, and 1 case was found in community screening.

　　The new cases are as follows:

　　Case 1

　　Female, 38 years old, living in Reservoir New Village, Cuizhu Street, Luohu District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 2

　　Male, 36 years old, living in Reservoir New Village, Cuizhu Street, Luohu District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 3

　　Female, 49 years old, living in Reservoir New Village, Cuizhu Street, Luohu District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 4

　　Female, 63 years old, living in Reservoir New Village, Cuizhu Street, Luohu District, was found in the screening of key personnel in non-closed-loop management.

　　Case 5

　　Female, 29 years old, lives in the dormitory building at No.2019, Buxin Road, Cuizhu Street, Luohu District, and was found among home isolation medical observers.

　　Case 6

　　Male, 3 years old, living in the dormitory building at No.2019 Buxin Road, Cuizhu Street, Luohu District, was found among home isolation medical observers.

　　Case 7

　　Male, 41 years old, living in the courtyard of No.29 Dongmen North Road, Cuizhu Street, Luohu District, was found in the screening of key personnel in non-closed-loop management.

　　Case 8

　　Female, 43 years old, living in Sunshine World, Cuizhu Street, Luohu District, was found in community screening.

　　Case 9

　　Male, 49 years old, living in Dong ‘an Garden, donghu street, Luohu District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 10

　　Female, 48 years old, living in Dong ‘an Garden, donghu street, Luohu District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 11

　　Female, 50 years old, living in Dongle Garden, donghu street, Luohu District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 12

　　Male, 35 years old, living in the second district of Buxin Garden, donghu street, Luohu District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 13

　　Female, 43 years old, living in Jingxuan Garden, Huangbei Street, Luohu District, was found in the screening of key personnel in non-closed-loop management.

　　Case 14

　　Male, 63 years old, living in Yuling Garden, Nanwan Street, Longgang District, was found among concentrated isolated observers.

　　Case 15

　　Male, 52 years old, living in Yuling Garden, Nanwan Street, Longgang District, was found among concentrated isolated observers.

　　Case 16

　　Female, 46 years old, living in Yuling Garden, Nanwan Street, Longgang District, was found among home isolation medical observers.

　　Case 17

　　Male, 44 years old, living at No.21 Nanyuan Road, Nanwan Street, Longgang District, was found in the screening of key personnel in non-closed-loop management.

　　Case 18

　　Female, 48 years old, living in Rui Long Xuan, Longxiang Garden, Jihua Street, Longgang District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 19

　　Male, 28 years old, living in Rui Long Xuan, Longxiang Garden, Jihua Street, Longgang District, was found among home isolation medical observers.

　　Case 20

　　Male, 44 years old, living in Lane 7, Laowei, Village 1, Buji Street, Longgang District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 21

　　Male, 29 years old, living in Minzhi Street and Mansion in Longhua District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 22

　　Male, 39 years old, living in Minzhi Street, Longhua District, Minle District 1, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 23

　　Male, 31 years old, living in the old village of clear lake, Longhua Street, Longhua District, was found among the centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 24

　　Male, 34 years old, living in the first phase of Xintian, Vientiane, xixiang street, Bao ‘an District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 25

　　Male, 46 years old, living in Xiangbin Square, Xin ‘an Street, Bao ‘an District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 26

　　Male, 38 years old, living in Xinzhou North Village, Shatou Street, Futian District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　Case 27

　　Male, 48 years old, living in Shanhaiyuan, Dapeng Street, Dapeng New District, was found among centralized isolated observers.

　　The above cases have been transferred to the emergency hospital of the Third People’s Hospital of the city for isolation treatment, and the situation is stable.

　　The trajectory of new cases involves Luohu and Longgang.

　　After preliminary investigation, the main activity tracks of new cases in recent days are as follows:

　　luohu district

　　Cuizhu Street:Riyue Yonghe Restaurant (Dong Xiao Store), Dong Xiao Meat Market, Lottery Station (Dong Xiao Comprehensive Building), Dong Xiao Vegetable Market Weimin Barber Shop.

　　Guiyuan neighborhood: West Lake Spring (Baihui Store), Bingfen Vientiane Skating rink, Xingmeile (Vientiane City Store)

　　Huangbei Street:Huazai Barber Shop, Table Tennis Club of Xinxiu South Industrial Zone

　　Donghu street:Starbucks (Xihuicheng Branch)

　　Dongxiao Street:Cao pu Nong pi market

　　Longgang District

　　Henggang Street:Riyue Yonghe Restaurant (Henggang Branch)

　　Nanwan Street:Zhongfujia Fresh Supermarket, Yuling Market and Yuesheng Roast Meat Shop.

　　At present, the disposal work such as flow tracing, isolation control, nucleic acid detection and medical treatment is being carried out in an orderly manner. Members of the public are requested to continue to fulfill their personal responsibility for prevention and control, take protective measures such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently, ventilation frequently, disinfection frequently, keeping social distance, and vaccination, and actively cooperate with the implementation of various epidemic prevention and control measures.

　　On May 13th, on the first day of Tmall’s pre-emptive purchase of 618 countries, Taobao took the lead in playing the marketing strategy of "Wang Fried"-Kenny Lin, a national artist of "900 million girls’ dream", was officially declared as the brand ambassador of Taobao countries, and magical advertisements were placed in CCTV, online mainstream APP and offline over 50 cities, brainwashing consumers across the country: "Pay close attention to Taobao and receive state subsidies!" The big promotion policy of "national subsidy+Tmall 618 subsidy as low as 50% off" has strongly reached hundreds of millions of consumers.

　　In this year’s 618 event, Taobao also launched the "National Supplement Surprise Coupon" for the first time: users can grab the "National Supplement Surprise Coupon" which was launched for the first time and has the largest overlapping subsidy, and also participate in the interesting interaction of Kenny Lin, the brand ambassador of Taobao National Supplement; At the same time, watch the live broadcast of Kenny Lin on May 19th, and you will have a better chance to win the opportunity of "up to 10,000 yuan for national exemption". This "618" marketing campaign, which is based on policies, with stars as the guide, welfare as the spear and brand as the shield, once again breaks the routine and "updates" new marketing ideas, and also makes Taobao the first entrance for consumers to receive state subsidies.

　　"Hurry up and update" TVC’s magical brushing screen, releasing the whole world and detonating the country’s mind.

　　Consumers are blown in mid-air by strong winds, grabbing mobile phones passing by; The person at the forefront of the team reached out and grabbed Kenny Lin’s skirts, and shouted with joy, "Hurry up and update!"

　　The magic advertisement in just 15 seconds directly visualizes the core idea of Taobao’s national compensation marketing: "People are blown by strong winds" vividly interprets "the wind of Taobao’s national compensation is too strong"; All kinds of home appliances that have been blown away intuitively show the rich categories of Taobao’s national supplement; The action of "Hurry up to update" is a pun, which skillfully connects the homonym of the name of Kenny Lin, the ambassador of Taobao’s national subsidy brand, with "Hurry up to receive the national subsidy from Taobao", and makes a heavy discount of "make up for it, as low as 50% off", which quickly attracts users’ attention and grabs users’ minds.

　　In addition, Taobao also released several other magical TVCs, such as "Catch Kenny Lin in mid-air", "Kenny Lin City Gate Catch New Household Appliances" and "Delivery Master Catch Kenny Lin". Together with Dafeng Creative TVC, it interestingly explained the four core points of this national supplement: supplement and supplement, rich categories, new products and service mentality, which directly highlighted the interesting marketing style of this 618 Taobao.

　　As the ambassador of Taobao’s national subsidy brand, Kenny Lin’s label setting has always been highly consistent with Taobao’s "affordable and interesting" platform image, and its name of "update" has formed a natural memory point with "grasping Taobao’s national subsidy". In addition, the audience flow brought by last year’s hot works such as "The Story of a Rose" and "With the Phoenix" has contributed to the spread of "grasping the update".

　　In order to detonate the communication potential, Taobao released a global bombing combination boxing: CCTV launched to strengthen the credibility of the policy, covering all ages and nationwide markets; Online mainstream apps open screens and information flow advertisements accurately attack young users; The offline 50+ city business circle will be launched to create an immersive "updated" advertising experience.

　　Long-term marketing drives brand value to upgrade, grasps policy dividend and highlights brand responsibility.

　　When the demonic brainwashing "hurry to update" TVC swept the business circle of 50 cities across the country, Taobao’s national compensation marketing offensive became stronger and stronger-on May 19th, Taobao’s national compensation brand ambassador Kenny Lin will conduct a live broadcast. At that time, Kenny Lin will carry out a series of interesting interactions around the national subsidy, and will also give users a bonus of 10,000 yuan, star signatures, 50 rounds of red packets of rain and other super benefits, so as to create a saturated communication of "offline detonation+online fission" and continue to create a 618 marketing fever.

　　Behind the lively entertainment marketing is Taobao’s deep response to the national subsidy policy: whether it is a big promotion discount, extra subsidies for trade-in, more brands and categories, more urban coverage, or the service of subsidizing 10,000 new products, large and small household appliances and home improvement, users can feel the peace of mind of Taobao’s in-depth implementation of the national subsidy policy as long as they log on to Taobao. This kind of play that turns policy potential energy into brand long-term value also adds weight to Taobao’s "good heart" as a user.

　　It is worth noting that this time, Taobao, the national supplement, assembled 100 head brands for the first time to jointly make profits. Under the call of the platform, many brands actively responded to the national subsidy activities, and strongly conveyed the mind of "leading the country to make up for Taobao" by directly benefiting consumers. The collective call of many merchants not only enriched the lineup of activities, but also helped improve Taobao’s national compensation strategy. Especially under the premise that the national subsidy policy has restrictions on each citizen’s eligibility and quota, Taobao, which has gathered the most comprehensive categories, the best subsidies and exclusive service rights, has naturally become the "first entrance" for consumers to choose to receive national subsidies.

　　Just like this magical TVC advertisement, Taobao’s combination of "national dividend+traffic leverage+global communication" has once again "updated" the new example of e-commerce platform 618 marketing.

Investigation report on "4 12" major road traffic accident in Lianyungang section of Lianhuo Expressway　

2018 April 12, 2008 A major road traffic accident occurred in Lianyungang section of Lianhuo Expressway, Jiangsu Province, causing 8 deaths, 1 serious injury and 36 minor injuries, and the direct economic loss was about 7.42 million yuan.

After the accident, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to it, and Comrade members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and Liu He, Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China made important instructions. Li Wei, Vice Minister of Public Security, instructed to find out the reasons and cooperate with the aftermath. Fei Gaoyun, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, secretary of the Political and Legal Committee, vice governor, Liu Yang, vice governor and director of the Public Security Department, and leaders of Lianyungang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government respectively gave instructions, demanding that all efforts be made to rescue the wounded, thoroughly investigate the cause of the accident and do a good job in the aftermath.

According to the Law on Safety in Production, the Law on Road Traffic Safety and the Regulations on Reporting, Investigation and Handling of Production Safety Accidents (Order No.493 of the State Council) and other laws and regulations, Lianyungang Municipal People’s Government has established the Lianyungang Section of Lianhuo Expressway "4", which is led by the Municipal Public Security Bureau and attended by the Municipal Transportation Bureau, the Safety Supervision Bureau and the Federation of Trade Unions.·12 "A large road traffic accident investigation team (hereinafter referred to as the accident investigation team) carried out accident investigation, and the accident investigation team also invited the Municipal Supervision Committee to participate.

According to the principles of "four no-misses" and "scientific rigor, compliance with laws and regulations, seeking truth from facts and paying attention to practical results", the accident investigation team found out the process, causes, casualties and direct economic losses of the accident through on-site inspection, investigation and evidence collection, identified the nature and responsibility of the accident, put forward suggestions on handling the responsible personnel and units, and put forward accident prevention and prevention according to the causes and outstanding problems exposed. The relevant situation is now reported as follows:

One,Basic situation

(a) the accident vehicle situation

1.Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus: the model of this car is Jinlong brand XMQ6129FYD 3A, Xiamen Jinlong United Automobile Industry Co., Ltd., the vehicle factory date is October 11, 2012, the vehicle identification code is LA 6A 1LAP7CB400117, and the engine number is 1412G02096. It belongs to the vehicle type published in the Announcement of Vehicle Manufacturers and Products announced by the National Development and Reform Commission, and the vehicle type announcement number is 20110310000740. The first registration date of this vehicle is October 26th, 2012. The registration authority is the Traffic Police Detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, Henan Province. The vehicle registration owner is Henan Centrino Automobile Travel Service Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Centrino Company), with 57 passengers on board, and the use nature is tourist passenger transport. The inspection is valid until April 30, 2018, and the motor vehicle status: normal. 63 historical violations have been dealt with. Insurance situation: Sunshine Insurance Company has insured compulsory insurance, car damage insurance, spontaneous combustion insurance, glass insurance, three liability insurance (2 million), passenger liability insurance on board (56 million per accident), and passenger liability insurance on board (1 million).

The actual owners of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus are Cui Ying (male, 54 years old, ID number: 34212419640117511, No.15 Cuilou Natural Village, Sanli Administrative Village, Xiyang Town, Guoyang County, Anhui Province) and Zhang Huilei (male, 34 years old, ID number: 341223198408190516, Chengxi Town, Guoyang County, Anhui Province). After buying a car, it signed an operation contract with Centrino Company on October 22, 2012. The vehicle was registered under the name of Centrino Company, and Centrino Company handled the operation procedures and unified management, and collected management fees every month. Later, Zhang Huilei privately sold part of his shares in the car to Ding Peifeng, liuyong and Liu Xicheng. On August 6, 2015, Cui Ying and Zhang Huilei signed a joint venture agreement with Huangyan Luqiao Liushi Team (hereinafter referred to as the Team, which is described in detail below). After the agreement is signed, the original owner will no longer participate in the vehicle operation. On May 1, 2016, Feng Yong (male, ID number: 341224197406029878, 132-9-23 Mengfu Road, Chengguan Town, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province) signed a contract agreement with the motorcade. At the time of the incident, the actual control operator of Yu AE4555 bus was Feng Yong.　

On October 26th, 2012, the vehicle was evaluated in terms of vehicle technical grade, with the type grade being large and the technical grade being first grade. Meet the standards for operating inter-provincial and inter-city non-fixed-line tourist passenger transport. On November 5, 2012, the vehicle handled the Business License of Henan Province Road Non-alignment Tourist Passenger Transport Area, with the license number: Yu Tourist Passenger Transport Xuzi 0011250; On November 30, 2012, the vehicle was issued with a Road Transport Certificate, the number of which was Zheng Zi 410101029623. Business scope: inter-provincial chartered passenger transport, inter-city chartered passenger transport, inter-county chartered passenger transport and intra-county chartered passenger transport.

After verification, the registration, inspection and insurance of the vehicle meet the requirements; The road transport license is legal and valid.

2.Su G391E8 minibus: The model of this car is Honda DHW6483T5ASE, the date of production is December 8, 2017, the vehicle identification code is LVHTG5834J5010239, and the engine number is 1028307. The vehicle model published in the Announcement of Vehicle Manufacturers and Products announced by the National Development and Reform Commission was first registered on January 10, 2018. The registration authority was the Traffic Police Detachment of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau, Jiangsu Province. The registered owner was Chen Haoran, and the use nature was non-operating, with 5 people on board. The inspection is valid until January 31, 2020, and the motor vehicle status is illegal and unprocessed (there are two illegal records, 1 case has been processed and the other case has not been processed). Insurance situation: People’s Property Insurance Company covers compulsory insurance and three liability insurance (1 million), and the liability insurance for personnel on board is limited to 10,000 (5 persons) per seat.

　After verification, the registration, inspection and insurance of the vehicle meet the requirements.

(two) the driver of the accident vehicle

1.The driver of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus: Shao Dandan, male, 33 years old, born on June 1, 1985, ID number: 341223198506010734, household registration address: No.66, Huang Zhuang Natural Village, Huang Zhuang Administrative Village, Chengdong Street, Guoyang County, Anhui Province, driver’s license number: 341223198506010734, file number: 344. The issuing authority is the Traffic Police Detachment of Bozhou Public Security Bureau, Anhui Province. On November 15th, 2004, it applied for E-license for the first time. On June 7th, 2007, it added the quasi-driving model to B2E, and on May 20th, 2014, it added the quasi-driving model to A1E. The verification is valid until November 15, 2020. The driver’s license is in normal condition, and there are 13 historical illegal records, all of which have been processed.

Shao Dandan’s qualification category is road passenger and general cargo transport driver, with the qualification certificate number of 3416010030013013181, the initial issuance date: June 22, 2007, the issuance date after renewal: April 13, 2013, and the validity period: April 13, 2019.　

After verification, the driver Shao Dandan’s driver’s license application and verification is legal and valid; The road transport qualification certificate is legal and valid. Suffered minor injuries in the accident.

2.Driver of Su G391E8 minibus: Chen Haoran, male, 30 years old, driver’s license number: 32070319880226201X, born on February 26, 1988, Liandao Town, Lianyun District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, quasi-driving model: C1, issuing authority, traffic police detachment of Lianyungang City Public Security Bureau, Jiangsu Province, and the date of first obtaining the license: March 12, 2010. The validity period of verification is March 12, 2026, and the driver’s license is normal.

After verification, the application and verification of driver Chen Haoran’s driver’s license are legal and valid. Be injured in this accident.　

(3) Accident road conditions　　

The incident road section is located at K61+250-300 of Lianhuo Expressway (No.G30). In 1998, Lianxu Expressway was established by the State Planning Commission in document No.327 [1998] and approved by document No.1603 [1998]. The Ministry of Communications approved the preliminary design in document No.640 [1998] and the State Planning Commission in document No.1636 [1998]. Lianxu Expressway is a section in Jiangsu Province, which is the national trunk line from Lianyungang to Horgos (G30). It starts from Dagang Road in Lianyungang and ends at the junction of Jiangsu and Anhui in Xuzhou City, with a total length of 236.784km and a design speed of 120 km/h. The design load of bridges and culverts is standard car-super 20 and trailer-120, and the subgrade is 28.0m wide, with four lanes in both directions, and the whole interchange is fully enclosed. The road design unit of the incident section is the First Highway Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Communications, the design unit of traffic safety facilities is Xi ‘an Highway Research Institute, the construction unit of traffic safety facilities is Nanjing Highway Protection Facilities Engineering Company, the supervision unit is Jiangsu Weixin Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., and the construction unit is Jiangsu Expressway Construction Headquarters. The incident road section is located at K61+250-300, which started construction at the end of 1998 and was completed in October 2001. On November 18-19, 2001, Jiangsu Provincial Communications Department and Jiangsu Provincial Expressway Command organized the handover acceptance, and the project quality grade was excellent. After acceptance, it was delivered to Jiangsu Lianxu Expressway Co., Ltd. for operation.It passed the completion acceptance in November 2003. Since the operation of Lianxu Expressway, Jiangsu Lianxu Expressway Co., Ltd. has invested sufficient maintenance funds every year in accordance with the maintenance technical specifications and related systems, actively adopted advanced technology to carry out preventive and periodic maintenance of roads, and maintained the MQI value of highways at an excellent level all the year round.

The plane alignment of the incident road section is designed as a straight line, with longitudinal slope of 0.8% (uphill), transverse slope of 2%, asphalt concrete pavement, The pavement cross-section layout is: 0.75m (marginal strip)+3.5m (emergency lane)+3.75m (second lane)+3.75m (first lane)+0.75m (median)+3.5m (median)+0.75m (first lane). M (emergency lane)+0.75m (marginal strip), with a total subgrade width of 28m. There are white single solid lines at the emergency lane and the median, and white dotted lines between the first lane and the second lane. Corrugated beam guardrails are set on both sides of the median, and Chinese juniper is planted in the middle. The guardrail in the incident section was built during the construction period, and the construction time was May 2001. According to the recent inspection report on the pavement technical condition of Lianxu Expressway, the pavement performance index (PQI) of this section is maintained at an excellent level.

After verification, the technical indicators of the incident road section meet the requirements of relevant standards and specifications; There have been no road traffic accidents in this section in the past three years, and no safety hazards have been found on this road.

(4) Weather conditions at the time of the incident

When the accident happened, the weather at the scene was light rain. According to the meteorological certificate of Lianyungang Meteorological Bureau, from 15: 00 to 17: 00 on April 12, the maximum wind speed was 3.4 m/s, and the occurrence time was 16: 00; The rainfall from 15: 00 to 17: 00 is 6.5 mm, of which the rainfall from 15: 00 to 16: 00 is 3.5 mm and the rainfall from 16: 00 to 17: 00 is 3.0 mm..　

Upon verification, the road surface was wet, and there was no water, no fog and no obstructions that affected the line of sight.　

(five) the accident related units.

　1.Centrino company. The company was established on February 6, 2007, with the industrial and commercial registration number of 410105100081185, the enterprise credit code of 91410103799151706P, the company type is a limited liability company (invested or controlled by natural persons), the registration authority is Zhengzhou Erqi District Administration for Industry and Commerce and Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, and the enterprise address is Room 1401, 14th floor, Block B, olive city Metropolitan Plaza, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City. Legal representative: Zhang Jing (female, ID number: 410103198301227004, No.29, Building 3, Yard 6, Min ‘an Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City), business scope: chartered passenger transport, tourist passenger information consultation, car rental, business period: February 6, 2007 to February 5, 2022. In June 2011, Feng Xianfeng (female, ID number: 410103195910231021, domicile: Room 189, 20th floor, Unit 2, Building 1, Fu Garden Community, University South Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, and current address: Room 102, Unit 2, Building 7, No.158, Southeast Road, Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City) and Zheng Yueming (male, ID number: 4123231966. Domicile: No.29, Building 3, Courtyard 6, Min ‘an Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, and current address: Donghu, Floor 6, Unit 2, Building 4, No.158, Chengdong South Road, Guanchenghui District, Zhengzhou City) each invested 500,000 yuan to acquire all the shares of the company, and the legal representative is Feng Xianfeng (Feng Xianfeng and Zheng Yueming are half-sisters).At the beginning of 2016, the legal representative was changed to his daughter Zhang Jing, and Zheng Yueming was the leader and general manager of the safety production leading group of Centrino Company, who was fully responsible for the daily management and operation of the company.

2.Anhui Mengcheng "Luqiao Huangyan Liushi motorcade". According to verification, the motorcade was not registered in the industrial and commercial department. In 2014, it was composed of the vehicle operators of Luyi (Zhoukou, Henan)-Luqiao (Taizhou, Zhejiang)-Liushi (Yueqing, Zhejiang)-Fuding (Ningde, Fujian) line and Guoyang (Bozhou, Anhui)-Huangyan (Taizhou, Zhejiang)-Shishi (Quanzhou, Fujian) line through consultation, and Wang Bo (male, ID number: 3416222) who operated vehicles on both lines was selected. The office is located in Mengcheng County, Anhui Province. There are 25 buses in the convoy, including 7 buses, including Anhui S59743 (blue brand), Anhui SWW101 (blue brand), Anhui SM9101 (blue brand), Shanghai C40608 (yellow card), Shanghai C41345 (yellow card), Zhejiang J3702H (blue brand) and Zhejiang JH739Y (blue brand). The remaining 18 buses are large buses, which are registered for road passenger transport and tourist passenger transport. See the table below for relevant information:

2016 May 1, 2008 Feng Yong signed a contract agreement with the motorcade, and the motorcade handed over 25 buses, including accident cars, to Feng Yong for operation at a price of 6.6 million yuan per year. The contract period was from May 1, 2016 to April 30, 2019. At the time of the incident, the actual control operator of Yu AE4555 bus was Feng Yong, and Feng Yong hired Fu Dayong (male, ID number: 341224197512033010, No.93-1, Zhongxin Street, Shuangjian Town, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province), one of the shareholders, Feng Li (male, ID number: 34122319740501116), to be in charge of vehicle and driver scheduling.

Second,The accident process and emergency treatment.

(1) The course of the accident

2018 April 10, 2008 fiveAt about 30: 00, Shao Dandan got the passenger car license plate numbered "Yuyunbaozi 0265873" from the office of Feng Yong, and the destination was "Zhengzhou-Liushi" passing through Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Rizhao, Weifang, Guoyang, Mengcheng and other places (afterwards, it was found that the license plate of the passenger car was forged, which was purchased by Feng Li through the social "scalper" Li Dengchao in Guoyang County, Anhui Province with 50 yuan money, after the incident. Drive Yu AE4555 bus to meet people at Mengdie Square in Mengcheng County, Anhui Province, and prepare to visit Shandong Shenghong Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shenghong Company) in Weifang, Shandong Province.

sevenAt about 30: 00, Shao Dandan drove Yu AE4555 bus (with 57 passengers on board) and a group of 45 people including Zhang Kun (male, ID number: 341224197811056896, No.72, lingshan village Zhangzhuang, Xiaojian Town, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province, franchisee and salesman of Shenghong Company Anhui Branch, operating Xiaojian Town Pharmacy in Mengcheng County), and left for Mengdie Square. At about 16: 30 on the same day, I arrived at Shenghong Medical Company and stopped for about 1 hour. Then I drove to Super Eight Hotel on Shengli Road to check in. After that, I drove to a restaurant 2 kilometers away and parked my car in the hotel parking lot.

four November 11 th sevenAt about 10: 00, Shao Dandan took a taxi to the hotel parking lot, drove to the hotel to take 45 people from Zhang Kun and his party to visit Shenghong Company, and returned to the restaurant for dinner before 14: 00, and then drove the passengers to the hotel for rest. At about 18 o’clock, I drove the passengers to the hotel for dinner. After that, I sent the passengers back to the hotel to stay, and then I sent the car to the hotel parking lot.

four December 12 sevenAt about 10: 00, Shao Dandan drove to pick up passengers, entered Qingyin Expressway from Weifang West, passed G15 Shenhai Expressway, and arrived at Lianyungang Liandao Scenic Area at about 13: 00. During the period, Shao Dandan ate instant noodles on the bus. At 14: 30, he drove the bus from Liandao, then drove into G30 Lianhuo Expressway, rested in Jinping Mountain Service Area, and the passengers ate for about 20 minutes. At 15: 30, he started from the service area and drove from east to west along Lianhuo Expressway to Xuzhou. At 15: 50, he arrived at K61+250-300. Shao Dandan drove Yu AE4555 Jinlong bus through the central guardrail and collided with Su G391E8 Honda minibus (with 4 passengers) driven by Chen Haoran, Liandao Town, Lianyun District, Lianyungang City from west to east, resulting in 8 deaths (6 of them died on the way to the hospital, 2 died after being rescued on the same day and the next day respectively), 1 serious injury and 36 minor injuries.

(2) Emergency handling situation

1.Alarm and response

2018 April 12, 2008 16At 10: 00, the 110 Command Center of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau received an alarm that a bus collided with an off-road vehicle after crossing the central guardrail at 61 km+300 meters from west to east of Lianxu Expressway. After receiving the report, the 110 Command Center quickly assigned the Fourth High-speed Brigade of the Traffic Police Detachment of the Municipal Public Security Bureau and the Traffic Police Brigade of Donghai County Public Security Bureau to rush to the scene for disposal, and informed the fire and 120 emergency departments to rush to the scene to participate in the rescue. At about 16: 20, the traffic police brigade of Donghai County Public Security Bureau and the high-speed four brigades of the traffic police detachment arrived at the scene of the accident, carried out rescue and disposal work and immediately reported to their superiors.

The Party committees and governments of Lianyungang City and Donghai County immediately launched emergency response, and quickly organized relevant personnel from public security, fire protection, safety supervision, transportation, medical care and other departments to rush to the scene to carry out on-site rescue and after-care work in time. The heads of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Safety Supervision Bureau, the Municipal Transportation Administration and other units quickly rushed to the scene to organize and command, and performed their duties, cooperated with each other, and worked quickly and effectively.

Lianyungang Public Security Bureau quickly launched an emergency plan, and set up a disposal leading group with Wang Yongsheng, deputy mayor and public security bureau chief, as the team leader, and other party committee members as the deputy team leaders. Seven working groups, including comprehensive coordination, accident investigation, public opinion guidance and control, after-care disposal, legal guidance, emergency response and logistics support, were set up to carry out rescue work at the scene of the accident.

Li Weixin, deputy director of the Provincial Safety Supervision Bureau, Wang Wen and Zhu Zixing, deputy heads of the Traffic Police Corps of the Provincial Public Security Department, and other leaders rushed to the scene of the accident to direct rescue and guide the aftermath. Wang Bingbing, researcher and deputy director of the Accident Department of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, led relevant experts from the Traffic Management Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security to come to the company overnight to guide the accident handling work.

four March 13 Zhao Ruihua, deputy director of the Second Department of Safety Supervision of the Ministry of Emergency Management, and Shi Yong, deputy director of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, personally went to Lianyungang to convene a meeting to deploy accident investigation and handling. Pei Jun, deputy director of the Provincial Public Security Department, came to Lianyungang to guide the accident handling. On April 16th, Zhang Jianjun, Director of Technical Management Office of Highway Bureau of Ministry of Transport, and his team of four people inspected the accident vehicles and guardrail, and then re-inspected the road and guardrail at the site.

2.Emergency treatment at the scene of the accident

After the accident, the leaders of Lianyungang City and Donghai County Party Committee and County Government led the heads of relevant departments to rush to the scene at the first time to direct the accident handling and rescue work. Public security, transportation, fire protection, 120 first aid, road administration and other departments quickly carried out rescue of the wounded, site investigation, investigation and evidence collection, vehicle rescue, site cleaning and other work, and the accident site was removed and traffic resumed at 19: 00 on the same day. During the period, the traffic police department dispatched 8 police cars and more than 60 police officers, the fire department dispatched 2 fire rescue vehicles and more than 20 firefighters, the high-speed company dispatched more than 40 road administration, troubleshooting and maintenance personnel, and the 120 emergency departments at the city and county levels dispatched 10 ambulances. The traffic police department temporarily requisitioned two civilian cranes to participate in the rescue.　

3.Medical treatment situation

After the accident, the medical departments at Lianyungang City and Donghai County immediately opened a green channel for the medical treatment of the injured in traffic accidents, and spared no effort to treat the injured. The provincial public security department coordinated the relevant medical institutions in the province to immediately send experts to Lianyungang to participate in the rescue work, and all the injured people were treated promptly and effectively. At present, except for 5 people who are still being treated in the hospital, all others have been cured and discharged.

4.Treatment of aftermath

After the accident, the after-care team quickly carried out compensation for traffic accident damage. On the morning of April 13th, in conjunction with the municipal insurance industry association, we discussed the aftermath of accident claims with the responsible persons of Sunshine Insurance Company, Zhejiang Branch and Hangzhou Branch, and issued a notice of payment (advance payment) for road traffic accident rescue expenses to Sunshine Insurance Hangzhou Branch. On the afternoon of 13th, Sunshine Insurance Company paid 3 million yuan in advance to compensate for the advance payment. On April 14th, Centrino Company paid 3.5 million yuan in rescue expenses in advance. On April 24th, Feng Yong paid 600,000 yuan for the rescue. On April 17th, the director of Mengcheng County Judicial Bureau and his party arrived in Donghai County to assist in compensation mediation. On April 18th, a group of eight people from the accident aftermath compensation group of Sunshine Insurance Company Hangzhou Branch arrived in Lianyungang again to participate in accident compensation mediation. Up to now, all the bodies of the dead have been cremated, and all the dead have reached a compensation agreement except one who has gone through legal proceedings. All the injured have ended mediation except five who are still being treated in the hospital and three who have not been identified for injuries.

Iii. Investigation and evidence collection

(a) the trace of the accident

The scene of the accident is the original scene, involving two vehicles. Among them, the head of Yu AE4555 large-scale ordinary bus turns to the left side of the car body in the right lane from Xuzhou to Lianyungang. The rear wheel is 4 meters away from the south edge guardrail of the road, the front wheel is 3.8 meters away from the south edge guardrail of the road, 4 meters away from the east-west direction of K61+ 300M road mileage pile, and 21.8 meters away from the east-west direction of the right rear wheel of Su G391E8 small bus. The right rear wheel of the minibus is 5.1m away from the south edge guardrail of the road, and the right front wheel is 4.2m away from the south edge guardrail of the road.

(II) Vehicle damage

The front windshield of AE4555 large ordinary passenger car in Henan province is broken and scattered, the whole right side of the cab is pressed and deformed to the left side of the car body, the surface glass fiber decorative board is broken and defective, and scratches and green plants are seen at the exposed steel frame of the internal steel frame. Right front door is missing. The skin in the middle of the front bumper is missing, and the front metal guardrail is depressed and deformed inward. The window glass on the right side of the vehicle is broken and missing, and a large area of falling scratches is seen at the position above 220cm from the ground at the right rear part of the vehicle body, and the whole right rear part is extruded and deformed to the left side of the vehicle body. On the left side of the car body, a large number of scratches were found, and the window glass was partially broken and missing. There are two parallel extrusion deformation marks at the rear of the roof, flaky scratch marks at the front of the roof, and black substance adhesion.

The roof of Su G391E8 small ordinary passenger car is bent and deformed downwards, and the airbag on board is open. A large amount of blood and fragments of the front windshield of Henan AE4555 large ordinary bus were scattered inside the cab. A large number of scratches were found on the engine compartment cover, and the red rust substance adhered and the glass fragments of the large ordinary passenger car window were scattered. The left front fender of the car body was extruded and folded from front to back. The front bumper skin is missing as a whole, and there are longitudinal scratches and glass fiber-like substances embedded in the radiator within the range of 50cm -90cm from the ground. The right rear tire lost pressure and its metal hub was broken.

(3) Blood tests

According to the appraisal report [2018] No.865, no ethanol component was detected in Shao Dandan’s blood. According to the appraisal report [2018] No.866, no ethanol component was detected in Chen Haoran’s blood. According to the identification report of Lian Gong Wu Jian (Drugs) Zi [2018] No.39, no amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, ketamine, morphine and monoacetylmorphine were detected in Shao Dandan’s urine. According to the identification report [2018] No.40, no amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, ketamine, morphine and monoacetylmorphine were detected in the urine of Chen Haoran.

(4) Vehicle inspection

Appraised by dmv, Traffic Police Detachment of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau:

Accident car Yu AE4555: (1) Vehicle appearance: the outline size (length× width× height) and wheelbase, brand model, body color, axle number, tyre size and the rated number of passengers are in conformity with the certificate; (2) The number of passenger doors of the accident large ordinary bus is 2, and there are 4 emergency windows (three glasses are damaged, one glass is intact, and emergency exit signs are affixed, and there are 3 safety hammers, but one is missing), 2 escape exits on the roof, 1 warning sign, installation of driving recorder, no nameplate of the finished vehicle and no fire extinguisher; (3) Braking and steering: the accident vehicle did not see the front wheel disc brake and was equipped with ABS. Due to the accident, the vehicle was seriously damaged, the steering tie rod was deformed, the four-wheel anti-lock braking device was disassembled, and the engine could not work normally and there was no air pressure, so the braking and steering performance could not be tested; (4) The vehicle identification code needs to be contacted with the vehicle management office where the vehicle is registered to check its authenticity (note: it is verified to be true later); (5) There are 57 registered seats for buses, 57 damaged vehicles and 57 seat belts, but some seat belts are found to be damaged during inspection; (6) The tire under inspection has no retreaded tire and is seriously worn. The tire crown pattern is 1.1mm for the left front wheel, 1.0mm for the right front wheel, 0.3mm for the left rear tire and 0.4mm for the right rear tire. The tread depth of steering wheel should be greater than or equal to 3.2mm, and the tread depth of other tires should be greater than or equal to 1.6mm, resulting in serious tire wear.Does not meet the "technical conditions for motor vehicle operation safety"; The right front tire is broken, which belongs to impact damage.

The accident of Su G391E8 minibus caused serious damage to steering system, braking system, running system and other parts, and the performance of steering system and braking system could not be tested.

(5) Trace inspection.

According to the appraisal opinion No.104 [2018] of Zhengda Sijian Center, in this accident, the right front part of Yu AE4555 blue Jinlong bus driven by Shao Dandan came into contact with the left front part of Su G391E8 Honda minibus driven by Chen Haoran. At the time of the accident, the Yu AE4555 blue Jinlong bus driven by Shao Dandan did not come into direct contact with vehicles other than the Su G391E8 Honda minibus driven by Chen Haoran.

(VI) Driving data of AE4555 large ordinary bus in Henan.

The memory card data of AE4555, a large ordinary bus, was read in the road traffic accident appraisal by the Institute of Traffic Management Science of the Ministry of Public Security. The time period of driving record on the day of the accident was: (1) 00: 00-08: 31: 16 on April 12, 2018. Last location: Rongwei Expressway in Weifang. Final speed: 77 km/h. (2) April 12, 2018, 11:09:14-11:29:0. Last location: Rizhao service area of G15 Shenhai Expressway. No driving data was found on the day of the incident: (3) 08: 31: 17—11: 09: 14 on the 12th; (4) 11: 29: 03 on the 12th—when the accident happened.

Fourth,Cause and nature of the accident

(A) the direct cause

1.Shao Dandan, a bus driver, is the direct cause of the accident when he drives a vehicle whose tires are worn out and do not meet the technical standards in rainy days.

2018 April 19, 2008 The No.4 Brigade of the Traffic Police Detachment of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau made a road traffic accident confirmation letter [2018] No.001, and Shao Dandan drove a motor vehicle whose parts did not meet the technical standards on the road and did not drive safely, respectively violating Article 21 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China: "Before driving a motor vehicle on the road, the driver should carefully check the safety and technical performance of the motor vehicle; Do not drive a motor vehicle with safety facilities or parts that do not meet technical standards and other safety hazards. " Paragraph 1 of Article 22: "Motor vehicle drivers shall abide by the provisions of laws and regulations on road traffic safety, and drive safely and in a civilized manner in accordance with operational norms." The provisions of. Take full responsibility for the accident.

2.Shao Dandan failed to fulfill the obligation of safety reminder. At the time of the accident, most passengers in the bus didn’t wear seat belts, and the driver didn’t remind them according to the regulations, which caused many people to be thrown out of the car after collision, which aggravated the consequences of accident casualties.

(2) Indirect causes

1.Centrino Company did not strictly perform the main responsibility of safety production, and did not seriously educate and urge employees to strictly implement the company’s rules and regulations and operating procedures, which led to Shao Dandan’s improper operation when driving in rainy days; Safety production management is not in place, and effective measures have not been taken to check the AE4555 bus in Henan regularly according to the company’s regulations, and the hidden trouble of serious tire tread wear has not been rectified during the accident; We failed to take effective measures in time to solve the problem that the vehicle is sometimes off-line during the dynamic monitoring.

2.Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration failed to supervise Centrino Company’s enterprises, and neglected Centrino Company’s failure to seriously implement the company’s regular inspection system for passenger vehicles. Supervise Centrino Company to implement the dynamic monitoring management system is not in place.

3.The third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau is not sure about the operation of accident vehicles of Centrino Company within its jurisdiction, and its supervision is not in place.

(3) Nature of the accident

After investigation, it was found that the "4.12" major road traffic accident in Lianyungang was a road traffic liability accident.

Five, the handling of the accident related responsible personnel and responsible units and suggestions.

(a) the judicial organs have taken measures.

1.Shao Dandan, the driver of the accident vehicle, was criminally detained by Lianyun Public Security Bureau on April 13, 2018 on suspicion of traffic accident. He was arrested by Lianyun District Procuratorate on April 20 and is now detained in the city detention center.

2.Zheng Yueming, Zheng Yueming, the shareholder and general manager of Centrino Company and the leader of the leading group for safety production, was criminally detained by Donghai County Public Security Bureau on April 14, 2018 and released on bail pending trial on April 23.

3.Feng Yong, the contractor of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus, was criminally detained by Donghai County Public Security Bureau on April 21, 2018, and released on bail pending trial on April 25.

4.Fu Dayong, the dispatcher of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus, was criminally detained by Donghai County Public Security Bureau on April 21, 2018 on suspicion of major accident, and was released on bail on April 25.

(two) it is recommended to give disciplinary action to the party and government.

1.Zhang Zhihua, party member of the Communist Party of China, is the head of the Passenger Transport Department of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration, responsible for the management of the city’s road passenger transport industry, and has the supervisory responsibility for the passenger transport department to carry out the supervision of the tourism passenger transport industry. Failure to effectively supervise the work of department personnel. It is recommended to give a serious warning.

2.Zhou Bingjie, party member of the Communist Party of China, deputy detachment leader of the inspection detachment of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration Bureau, was transferred to the Passenger Transport Department due to work needs, and was responsible for the management of the license plates of tourist passenger vehicles in the city. He was responsible for supervising the enterprises’ failure to apply for license plates in accordance with relevant regulations and failed to effectively supervise the enterprises’ receipt and use of license plates. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

3.Zhang Xiaofeng, party member, member of the Passenger Transport Section of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration, is responsible for the license management of tourist passenger transport enterprises and operating vehicles in the city, and is responsible for the supervision of enterprises that fail to strictly carry out the management of tourist passenger transport industry according to relevant regulations. In daily management, the company failed to effectively supervise the safety management of operating vehicles. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

4.Zhang Zhigen, party member of the Communist Party of China, is a member of the Passenger Transport Section of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration. He is responsible for the safety inspection of tourist passenger transport enterprises in the city and is responsible for the supervision of the failure to effectively carry out the safety inspection of tourist passenger transport according to regulations. The inspection of tourist passenger transport enterprises in the city was not detailed and comprehensive, and it failed to effectively supervise enterprises to strictly carry out the management of tourist passenger transport industry in accordance with relevant regulations. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

5.Wang Jinzhu, party member of the Communist Party of China and the captain of the third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, failed to deploy and supervise the work of superiors, resulting in weak links in the supervision of key vehicles. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

6.Li Xun, party member of the Communist Party of China, deputy director of the supervision office of key objects of the third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, was not sure about the operation of accident vehicles and did not supervise them properly. Suggest admonishing conversation, informed criticism.

7.Wang Kai, party member of the Communist Party of China, and the police in the supervision office of the third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, are not sure about the operation of the accident vehicles and the supervision is not in place. Suggest admonishing conversation, informed criticism.

(3) Administrative punishment and accountability suggestions

1.It is suggested that the safety production supervision and management departments and transportation departments of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province should investigate Centrino Company and its related responsible persons according to relevant laws and regulations.

2.It is suggested that the relevant departments of Anhui, Zhejiang and Henan provinces implement the territorial supervision responsibility for the passenger vehicles of "Luqiao Huangyan Liushi Team" in Mengcheng, Anhui Province, and urge relevant enterprises to fully implement the main responsibility of enterprise safety production.

3.It is suggested that the public security organs in Mengcheng, Anhui Province should further investigate and deal with Li Dengchao, who is suspected of forging a chartered bus line card.

Six, accident prevention and rectification measures

(A) around the accident prevention, take measures simultaneously, and quickly carry out special rectification.

After the accident, Lianyungang public security traffic management department attached great importance to it, and immediately launched a special campaign for the rectification of expressway buses for half a year from April 13 with the departments of highway law enforcement, transportation and road companies. First, strengthen organizational leadership and earnestly formulate plans. A special meeting was held overnight to study and deploy the rectification work, and five expressway companies including Jiangsu Lianxu and 19 expressway traffic police brigades and public security checkpoints were quickly convened to comprehensively carry out the special rectification of expressway traffic and passenger transport order in the city. The second is to strictly control the road surface and strengthen cooperation. The leaders of the municipal bureau and detachment led the team to go on duty to enforce the law, board the car for inspection and carry out safety publicity. Public security checkpoints implement a 24-hour service mode, relying on the inspection and control system to inspect inter-provincial tourist chartered cars, and strictly investigate traffic violations such as "three overload and one fatigue" and not wearing seat belts; The high-speed brigade takes toll stations and service areas as positions to inspect the performance and operating qualifications of fixed-line vehicles in its jurisdiction. Strengthen cooperation with road companies, road administration and other departments, and carry out "one road, three cars" joint duty law enforcement work. The third is to strictly investigate hidden dangers and plug security loopholes. The detachment held an accident prevention meeting with five expressway companies to form a meeting summary to clarify the investigation scope, content, responsible unit and rectification period of expressway traffic safety hazards, and eliminate safety hazards in time. The fourth is to use sufficient legal means to ensure the remediation effect. At the same time, the penalty points for bus traffic violations shall be copied to the transportation management department where the vehicle registration is located. For the illegal operation of road passenger vehicles,Handed over to the road law enforcement and traffic management departments for handling. The fifth is to strengthen publicity and education and raise the awareness of traffic safety of the whole people. Since the rectification activities, a total of 5,950 buses have been inspected and registered, 1,450 traffic violations of various passenger vehicles have been investigated, 15,000 drivers have been reminded to wear seat belts, more than 40,000 traffic safety reminder cards have been issued, 6 passenger transport enterprises have been interviewed, and 76 rectification notices have been issued.

(two) improve the safety production system, conscientiously implement the main responsibility of production safety.

It is suggested that Henan Xunchi Automobile Travel Service Co., Ltd. should further implement the main responsibility of safety production, establish and improve various safety production systems, effectively strengthen the safety management of its vehicles and drivers, and ensure that all safety production rules and regulations are in place; It is necessary to strengthen the safety assessment training and education for all drivers, ensure that employees have the necessary knowledge of safety production, be familiar with relevant safety production rules and regulations and safety operation skills, and enhance the safety awareness of employees and the emergency handling ability of emergencies; It is necessary to use the satellite positioning monitoring platform to monitor the whole process of the company’s passenger vehicle operation, and it is not allowed to arrange the operation of passenger vehicles that can’t stay online when the satellite positioning device fails.

(C) to further enhance the awareness of road traffic safety red line and sense of responsibility.

It is suggested that Zhengzhou road transport management department should give full play to its functions and take effective measures, further urge road transport enterprises, effectively enhance the awareness of red line, strictly implement the main responsibility of safety production, strictly abide by and implement the laws and regulations on safety production, strengthen safety production education and training, improve workers’ safety awareness, and promptly investigate and control hidden dangers of accidents; It is necessary to urge and guide enterprises to implement the main responsibility of dynamic monitoring, strengthen dynamic monitoring, and take effective measures to curb illegal business practices.

(D) Take multiple measures to strengthen the daily supervision of road transport enterprises in the area.

It is suggested that the public security traffic management department of Zhengzhou City should take multiple measures to strengthen the daily supervision of road transport enterprises in its jurisdiction. First, we must strictly implement the supervision system and urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility. By holding regular safety meetings, signing safety responsibility letters, reporting the safety situation, analyzing traffic accident cases and other effective ways, we will implement various supervision systems and urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility. Second, we must conscientiously implement regulatory responsibilities and strengthen the implementation of measures. It is necessary to give full play to the current effective measures such as online inspection, in-depth supervision and inspection of enterprises, problem notification, problem copying, and timely interviews, further implement the requirements of the basic information management work norms of public security traffic management business, and do a detailed supervision of the source. Third, we must earnestly urge the problem to be rectified to ensure effective results. While signing the safety responsibility book, establishing and perfecting the account, holding the regular safety meeting, and issuing the rectification notice, we should stick to the problems found, and urge the problems to be rectified in place without leaving any dead ends.

(5) Promote the work of "clearing" potential safety hazards and vigorously carry out special rectification.

It is suggested that Zhengzhou road transport management, public security traffic management and other relevant departments should conscientiously perform their supervisory responsibilities, comprehensively investigate the problems existing in enterprises under their jurisdiction, urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility, and vigorously promote the work of "clearing" safety hazards, especially the safety hazards of "two passengers and one danger" vehicles and drivers. At the same time, we will carry out joint special rectification, focusing on checking the implementation of dynamic monitoring measures and daily safety education and training of tourist passenger transport enterprises, checking the regular inspection and daily maintenance of vehicles, checking the driver’s driving qualification and professional qualification, checking the procedures for chartering tourist buses, urging enterprises to check the integrity of passenger tires and seat belts, and implementing the passenger safety notification system. Tourist buses and drivers who do not have the corresponding qualifications will be banned; Tourist passenger transport enterprises that fail to perform their safety management duties will be suspended for rectification; All tourist buses whose safety performance does not meet the standard or whose GPS monitoring system is not installed will stop operating; Those who violate the examination and approval route and issue blank chartered cars will be severely punished and seriously investigated for accountability. The list of vehicles and enterprises with potential safety hazards will be notified to the safety supervision departments, and a number of enterprises with outstanding potential safety hazards will be jointly interviewed and exposed, and the source education and management measures will be urged to be implemented.

(six) to strengthen publicity and guidance, and strive to develop the rules and atmosphere of safe driving.

Road transport management, public security traffic management and other departments in the relevant areas should pay attention to "4? 12 "The causes of major road traffic accidents are analyzed. Around the prevention of serious traffic accidents and tourist bus accidents, various ways are adopted to quickly set off a climax of traffic safety publicity tips and education warnings to prevent similar problems from happening. It is necessary to establish and improve the mass reporting mechanism, carry out award-winning reporting activities, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses to report illegal driving and illegal operation, and widely mobilize social supervision. Guide the relevant units and personnel not to rent or take tourist buses without chartered procedures or incomplete procedures, which have potential safety hazards, and form a good atmosphere for safe driving and safe car use.

　　On January 17th and 19th, two patients in Xinjiang died after taking Tangzhining Capsule (batch number "081101") labeled "Guangxi Pingnan Pharmaceutical Factory". After investigation, the "Tangzhining Capsule" that caused the patient’s death was a counterfeit drug, and the chemical component "glibenclamide" was illegally added. According to industry analysts, patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are huge, which has become a "gold mine" for many black-hearted drug dealers to make money. Some products advertised as pure Chinese medicine have illegally mixed western medicine ingredients, or added pharmaceutical ingredients to health foods, which is harmful to patients’ health. This has also become a focus of supervision by law enforcement departments in various places, including Guangdong Province.

　　Three chemical components are often illegally added.

　　According to reports, although the current medical level has made rapid progress, there is no major breakthrough in some difficult diseases, such as diabetes, chronic hepatitis, malignant tumors, etc., and neither traditional Chinese medicine nor western medicine can achieve a complete cure. Wei Hua, deputy director of the Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that as far as Chinese medicine is concerned, its composition is complex and its effect is mild and slow, while western medicine has continuously developed some chemical drugs which are more effective, but its side effects are relatively large. In this regard, some lawless people, taking advantage of the psychological trust of patients in traditional Chinese medicine, promote so-called pure Chinese medicine and health food, and secretly add western medicine chemical components to them, so that patients feel obvious curative effect after taking it, thus increasing sales. For example, the "Tangzhining Capsule" that went wrong this time is under the banner of Chinese patent medicine.

　　Wei Hua said that in addition to the glibenclamide added in the "Tangzhining Capsule" that went wrong this time, gliclazide and glipizide are the most commonly added hypoglycemic western medicine ingredients in those illegal products. According to the relevant regulations, chemical substances are not allowed to be added to traditional Chinese medicine. "Glibenclamide" has a strong hypoglycemic effect, and its pharmacological function is to promote insulin secretion and improve human insulin deficiency through metabolism after entering the blood. However, serious overdose may cause shock and even death.

　　It is understood that the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute for Drug Inspection found that the drugs taken by the deceased during his lifetime contained about 10.33 mg of "glibenclamide" per pill. "Glibenclamide" is a second-generation sulfonylurea, which has a strong hypoglycemic effect, but adults should not take more than l5 mg per day, otherwise it will endanger the life safety of users. According to the instructions of the seized drugs, the normal dosage is 9 capsules per day, which has exceeded the maximum daily dosage by 6 times.

　　You can’t add western medicine to Chinese medicine at random.

　　A person in charge of a pharmaceutical factory told reporters that the incident was not accidental, and illegal drugs, health foods, western medicines and illegal propaganda occurred from time to time. According to National Medical Products Administration, they found that it is not uncommon to add sildenafil, a component of Viagra, to the "pure Chinese medicine" for treating male sexual dysfunction, and to add thyroid hormone to diet food, which can cause hyperthyroidism, so that patients who don’t know the truth suffer from side effects of drugs for no reason. This exposes a problem: most Chinese people believe that "natural drugs" have the advantages of low toxicity and side effects, and it is inevitable that they are not alert to side effects such as dependence.

　　Wang Dahong, Secretary-General of the Market Working Committee of China Health Food Association, said that illegal addition of western medicine ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine or chemical ingredients in health food will do great harm to patients and should not be added indiscriminately. Doctors and patients use mixed Chinese and western medicines without knowing it, which can easily lead to repeated adverse drug reactions. For example, if diabetic patients don’t know that the Chinese patent medicine for lowering blood sugar is added with glibenclamide, they mistakenly think it is a "Chinese medicine with no toxic and side effects" and take it in excess, or take the western medicine for lowering blood sugar at the same time for "integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment", which will lead to overdose of hypoglycemic drugs and hypoglycemia, and even lead to blood sugar fluctuation of patients if they stop taking the medicine suddenly. Therefore, Wang Dahong said that the timely discovery and investigation of the problem "Tangzhining Capsule" has eliminated another safety hazard that harms consumers’ health, and the industry has been further eliminated.

　　Illegal addition has four characteristics.

　　Most Chinese patent medicines or health foods illegally added with western medicine ingredients have the following characteristics: First, they claim that they can cure or greatly improve certain diseases in a short period of time, and their efficacy is remarkable. Second, most drugs are sold through online advertisements, mail advertisements or health knowledge lectures. Third, most drugs or health care products are covered with legal coats. Some products are pure Chinese medicine ingredients when applying for batch number, but western medicine ingredients are added during production. Fourth, the means of addition is very secret. Knowing that the routine drug testing only examines the internal substances of drugs, criminals add western medicine ingredients to the external carriers of drugs such as capsule shell. Finally, it is suggested that consumers can check the authenticity of drugs through the official website of the State Food and Drug Administration.

　　-Medical files

　　glibenclamide

　　Glibenclamide, alias glibenclamide, Daanning, etc., is a prescription drug and must be taken under the guidance of a doctor. It is an islet hormone and a drug that affect blood sugar, and can be used to treat mild and moderate non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with unsatisfactory therapeutic effect only by diet control, but the patient’s islet β cells need to have certain insulin secretion function without serious complications, such as diarrhea, nausea, headache, stomachache, liver function damage, thrombocytopenia and other adverse symptoms. If you take glibenclamide in large quantities for a long time, it will eventually lead to hypoglycemia, nephropathy and even death.

　　-Related links

　　Which drugs illegally add glibenclamide?

　　According to experts, in the drug treatment of diabetes, except insulin, most of them are oral drugs. Oral hypoglycemic drugs are usually divided into three categories: western medicine hypoglycemic drugs, pure Chinese medicine hypoglycemic drugs and Chinese and Western medicine hypoglycemic drugs. Generally, pure Chinese medicine has weak hypoglycemic effect, slow onset and high safety. Western medicine hypoglycemic agents take effect quickly and have great toxic and side effects. The combination of Chinese and western hypoglycemic agents is based on the pure traditional Chinese medicine hypoglycemic agents, and incorporates the ingredients of western medicine hypoglycemic agents, which not only has the advantages of rapid hypoglycemic effect of western medicine, but also has the advantages of high safety of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the person in charge of the provincial drug evaluation center, at present, only three kinds of oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as Yikai Xiaoke Pill, are officially registered in China. It is not the first time to illegally add glibenclamide. In 2005, the Ministry of Health investigated and dealt with two cases-

　　○ On June 15th, 2005, the Ministry of Health issued a notice, requiring all localities to investigate and deal with some batch numbers of "Ku Le Kang Capsule" produced by Liaoning Healthy Weiye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.. The Ministry of Health pointed out that when the relevant departments of Jilin Province supervised and inspected the health food "Ku Le Kang" capsules (approval number: Wei Shi Jian Zi [2002] No.0588) produced by Liaoning Health Weiye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., they found that the products marked with certain batch numbers contained chemical drugs. The capsule shells of samples with batch numbers of 20041201 (not for sale), 20040902 and 20041201 contain the chemical drug glibenclamide, and the capsule contents with batch number of 20050401 contain the chemical drug gliclazide.

　　○ On October 9, 2005, Jiangxi Food and Drug Administration announced that the law enforcement officers of Nanchang Food and Drug Administration had tested the drug "Tangbikang Jiangtangning Capsule" labeled as batch number 20050403082 produced by Jilin Shenhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: glibenclamide was illegally added to this Chinese patent medicine. (Reporter Roger Lee)

Editor: Liu Li

Recently, the China Breast Cancer Screening Standard (T/CPMA 014-2020) proposed by China National Cancer Center was published online in chinese journal of cancer prevention and treatment. The correspondent is Professor He Jie, director of National Cancer Center and academician of China Academy of Sciences.

As a common cancer, according to the latest global cancer burden data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization in 2020, there were 2.26 million new breast cancer cases in the world in 2020, surpassing lung cancer (2.21 million cases) for the first time, becoming the largest cancer in the world, accounting for 11.7% of new cancer cases. Among the newly diagnosed cancer patients, one in every eight is a breast cancer patient. China is a big country with breast cancer. In 2020, there will be about 420,000 new cases of breast cancer and nearly 120,000 deaths.

Screening, improving the detection rate of early breast cancer and precancerous lesions, and timely and effective treatment are important measures to improve the prognosis of breast cancer and reduce the risk of death. The standards put forward suggestions on the population, measures, results and management of breast cancer screening in China. We have sorted out the relevant contents, hoping to help you better understand the knowledge of breast cancer screening.

Image source: 123RF

Who should have breast cancer screening?

The standard suggests that people at high risk of breast cancer should be screened from the age of 40; The general risk population (all school-age women except the high-risk population) should be screened for breast cancer between 45 and 70 years old.

High-risk population

Women who meet any of the following conditions 1, 2 and 3 are at high risk of breast cancer.

1. Women with genetic family history, that is, women with any of the following: 1) First-degree relatives (mothers, daughters and sisters) have a history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer; 2) Among the second-degree relatives (aunts, grandmothers and grandmothers), two or more people suffered from breast cancer before the age of 50; 3) Among the second-degree relatives, 2 or more have ovarian cancer before the age of 50; 4) At least one first-degree relative carries a known pathogenic genetic mutation of BRCA1/2 gene, or carries a pathogenic genetic mutation of BRCA1/2 gene himself.

2. Have any of the following: 1) Age of menarche ≤12 years old; 2) menopausal age ≥55 years old; 3) Have a history of breast biopsy or surgery for benign breast diseases, or a history of atypical hyperplasia of breast (lobules or ducts) confirmed by pathology; 4) Use hormone replacement therapy of "estrogen and progesterone combination" for not less than half a year; 5) X-ray examination of breast after 45 years old suggests that the type of breast parenchyma (or breast density) is uneven compactness or compactness.

Note: Breast parenchyma types can be divided into fat type, scattered fibrous gland type, heterogeneous dense type (which may cover small masses) and dense type (which reduces the sensitivity of breast cancer detection).

3. Those who have any of the following two items: 1) No breast-feeding history or breast-feeding time less than 4 months; 2) No history of live birth (including never giving birth, abortion or stillbirth) or the age of first live birth ≥30 years old; 3) hormone replacement therapy using only "estrogen" for not less than half a year; 4) Abortion (including natural abortion and induced abortion) shall not be less than 2 times.

Image source: 123RF

How to screen?

General risk population: breast ultrasound examination should be performed every 1-2 years; If you do not have the conditions for breast ultrasound examination, you should use mammography.

High-risk population: breast ultrasound combined with mammography is performed once a year.

How to understand the screening results?

Classification of diagnostic results of mammography

The diagnostic results of mammography are usually classified by the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), which is formulated by American Radiological Society (ACR) and widely used internationally.

1. BI-RADS 0: The existing image failed to complete the evaluation, and other image examinations need to be added.

2. BI-RADS 1: normal, no abnormality was found in mammography. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

3. BI-RADS 2: Benign findings, with definite benign changes and no malignant signs. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

4. BI-RADS 3: Benign lesions that may be large. 0% < malignant possibility ≤2%.

5. BI-RADS 4: Suspected malignant lesions, but without typical malignant signs. 2% < malignant possibility < 95%.

6. BI-RADS 4A: low-grade suspected malignancy. 2% < malignant possibility ≤10%.

7. BI-RADS 4B: moderately suspected malignant. 10% < malignant possibility ≤50%.

8. BI-RADS 4C: highly suspected malignant. 50% < malignant possibility < 95%.

9. BI-RADS 5: Highly suggestive of malignant lesions with typical imaging features of breast cancer. Malignant possibility ≥95%.

Image source: 123RF

Classification of ultrasonic diagnosis results of breast

The classification of ultrasound evaluation refers to the screening of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the BI-RADS classification standard proposed by American Radiological Society.

1. BI-RADS 0: The diagnostic information obtained by ultrasound is incomplete and cannot be evaluated, and it needs to be evaluated after other imaging examinations.

2. BI-RADS 1: negative, no abnormality was found by ultrasound. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

3. BI-RADS 2: Benign lesions, with definite benign changes and no malignant signs. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

4. BI-RADS 3: Benign lesions that may be large. 0% < malignant possibility ≤2%.

5. BI-RADS 4: Suspected malignant lesions, but without typical malignant signs. 2% < malignant possibility < 95%.

6. BI-RADS 4A: low-grade suspected malignancy. 2% < malignant possibility ≤10%.

7. BI-RADS 4B: moderately suspected malignant. 10% < malignant possibility ≤50%.

8. BI-RADS 4C: highly suspected malignant. 50% < malignant possibility < 95%.

9. BI-RADS 5: Highly suggestive of malignant lesions with typical imaging features of breast cancer. Malignant possibility ≥95%.

Image source: 123RF

Screening result management

1. BI-RADS 1 and BI-RADS 2 need no special treatment.

2.　BI-RADS 3：

The evaluation of mammography is BI-RADS 3, so it is advisable to reexamine the breast on the lesion side at the next 6 months, and reexamine the breast on both sides at the 12th and 24th months.

If the lesion remains stable, it can continue to be reexamined, and if it has not changed for 2-3 years, it can be reduced to BI-RADS 2. If the lesion disappears or shrinks during the reexamination, it can be directly evaluated as BI-RADS 2 or BI-RADS 1. Biopsy should be considered if suspicious findings are found in the lesions during the reexamination.

The breast ultrasound evaluation is BI-RADS 3, so it is advisable to have breast ultrasound reexamination in 3-6 months, and it can be reduced to BI-RADS 2 if there is no change after 2 years of follow-up.

3. BI-RADS 4A: Further imaging examination and biopsy are needed.

4. BI-RADS 4B: Further imaging examination is needed, and biopsy is appropriate.

5. BI-RADS 4C and BI-RADS 5: Biopsy should be performed.

Image source: 123RF

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According to the standard, the breast physiological characteristics and breast cancer epidemic characteristics of women in China are quite different from those in western countries, so we can’t copy foreign experience. Establishing breast cancer screening standards suitable for women in China will play an important role in improving the scientificity, feasibility and practicability of breast cancer screening and reducing the incidence and mortality of breast cancer.

reference data

[1] He Jie, et al.,(2021). China female breast cancer screening standard (T/CPMA 014-2020). chinese journal of cancer prevention and treatment, DOI: 10.16073/J.CNKI.CJCPT.2021.01.02.

[2] Latest global cancer data: Cancer burden rises to 19.3 million new cases and 10.0 million cancer deaths in 2020. Retrieved Nov 16 ,2020, from https://www.iarc.fr/fr/news-events/latest-global-cancer-data-cancer-burden-rises-to-19-3-million-new-cases-and-10-0-million-cancer-deaths-in-2020/

Note: The purpose of this article is to introduce the progress of medical health research, not to recommend treatment schemes. For guidance on treatment plan, please go to a regular hospital.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 8 (Reporter Gao Jing) During the National Day holiday this year, Gao Lei, who works in Beijing, found that his hometown had changed a lot when he went home to visit relatives. Gaoyang County, Baoding City, Hebei Province, where his hometown is located, is undergoing the transformation from coal to gas. Gao Lei saw that the small coal-fired boiler used for heating in winter at home disappeared, and the kitchen was newly connected with natural gas pipelines and installed with wall-hung boilers. The home looked much cleaner and brighter than before.

　　Replacing loose coal by changing gas and electricity is one of the important measures to control air pollution in northern China.

　　Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", China’s air pollution control has achieved remarkable results. According to the data from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, compared with 2015, the average annual concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities at or above the prefecture level fell by 23.1% in 2019, and the proportion of excellent days in 337 cities at or above the prefecture level reached 82%.

　　In the closing year, the achievements of the blue sky defense war were even more eye-catching. From January to August this year, the average number of excellent days in 337 cities at or above the prefecture level was 86.7%, up 5 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 31 μ g/m3, down 11.4% year-on-year. Good weather with blue sky and white clouds is becoming the norm.

　　Behind more and more blue sky is a series of "combination boxing" that China has played to control air pollution. In recent years, China’s air pollution control work has been closely focused on key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta region, and the Fenwei Plain, focusing on key pollutants such as PM2.5, focusing on key periods in autumn and winter, and key areas such as loose coal combustion and "scattered pollution" enterprises, and continuing to implement tough actions.

　　The pilot cities of clean heating in the northern region will achieve full coverage of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas and Fenwei Plain; 86% of coal-fired power units have achieved ultra-low emissions, and about 780 million tons of crude steel production capacity has been transformed into ultra-low emissions; Carry out in-depth rectification of "scattered pollution" enterprises, industrial furnaces and key industries to control volatile organic compounds; Strengthen the pollution control of diesel trucks and vigorously promote the "revolving iron"; Deepen the joint prevention and control of air pollution in key areas and strengthen the response to heavy pollution weather.

　　"The nearby village used natural gas for heating last year, which is said to be clean and warm." Gao Lei said that he believes that after coal is changed to gas, there will be more blue sky and less smog in winter.

CCTV News:On May 24th, 2025, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Maozhou River Dragon Boat Race started.

This dragon boat race is the first provincial dragon boat race in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area this year. There are 24 professional teams from Greater Bay Area, which are divided into three groups: Bay Area Men’s Team, Bay Area Women’s Team and Shenzhen Team. After two hours of fierce competition, the Chenpi Dragon Boat Team of Hongdatang, Xinhui, Jiangmen, the Hong Kong, China Women’s Dragon Boat Team and the Xiayong Jiangxia Huang Dragon Boat Team of Yanluotang won the first place in each group respectively.

Tongxiang, Zhejiang: Dragon Boat Race, Visiting the Market, Colorful Folk Customs and Celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival

On the 24th, in Tongxiang City, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, citizens gathered at the bank of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to watch the dragon boat race and experience the folklore of the Dragon Boat Festival.

At 10 o’clock in the morning, more than 10 beautifully decorated dragon boats are ready to go in the Chongfu section of Tongxiang of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. As the drums sounded, the dragon boats split the waves in pairs on the water. Dragon boat race on the river, the oars flying over, the team members joined forces to paddle in the drums and applause, bravely competing for the first place.

There are not only dragon boat races, but also folk cultural projects such as fish lantern performances, canal encouragement and lion dance performances. In Beitangzhi Street beside the Grand Canal, tourists visit the Song Yun Market, have a long table feast on the Dragon Boat Festival and experience interactive games. The colorful traditional Dragon Boat Festival folk customs are deeply loved by everyone.

Shiqian, Guizhou: skillfully making tea-scented sister dumplings to convey neighborhood feelings

In Xinhua Village, Shiqian County, Tongren County, Guizhou Province, villagers are working together in Qi Xin to make tea-scented sister zongzi with unique local characteristics, so that the thick zongzi fragrance is intertwined with the neighborhood.

Early in the morning, the villagers in Xinhua Village of Wude Town were busy. Pick the fresh leaves of the day, wash and dry them, prepare local glutinous rice, chestnut, straw and other materials, and wrap the sister dumplings according to the method passed down by the older generation. First, fold the leaves into a funnel shape, add stuffing such as glutinous rice and chestnut, and wrap them into triangular dumplings. Then, take a small piece of rice dumpling leaves and repeat the above steps. Place the small triangular rice dumpling next to the big triangular rice dumpling, cover it with the same rice dumpling leaf, and finally tie it tightly with straw, and a sister rice dumpling with unique shape will be completed.

Later, the villagers set up firewood and started to cook the sister dumplings with iron cooking utensils, which took two and a half hours. The secret of the unique flavor of sister zongzi lies in putting in the newly picked moss tea in that year. Under the slow stew of firewood, the fragrance of moss tea blends with the fragrance of zongzi, emitting an attractive aroma.

In Xinhua Village, Bao Sisters Zongzi is not only a food production and cultural heritage, but also a bond of neighborhood friendship. When a pot of steaming tea-scented sister dumplings comes out of the pot, the villagers will distribute them to their neighbors and relatives to share the joy and warmth of this festival.

Changning, Yunnan: The special zongzi "Xiang" is about the unique and popular flavor of the Dragon Boat Festival.

In Changning County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, there are many kinds of special zongzi, such as tea zongzi, alkaline zongzi and ham zongzi, which satisfy the taste buds of different diners with their unique flavors.

Early in the morning, Shaojuan, a tea farmer, began to select local high-quality old-tree black tea, boil a reddish-brown tea soup, let it cool, and then pour it into the washed glutinous rice. After the glutinous rice was soaked, everyone sat around and wrapped zongzi, and then cooked it with a big fire. Soon, the angular and fragrant tea zongzi were freshly baked.

In addition to tea dumplings, alkaline dumplings are also deeply loved by local people. This kind of zongzi is made by burning corn stalks into ash, adding boiling water and filtering to make alkaline water. Then, the glutinous rice and alkaline water are mixed and soaked for 5 to 6 hours to color and enhance the fragrance of the glutinous rice. After the dumplings are wrapped in alkaline water, they need to be cooked for about 4 hours on high fire, and the taste is the best.

When wrapping rice dumplings with alkaline water, local people will also add ham produced in Yunnan to make a unique ham dumpling. After eating it in one bite, the salty flavor of ham and the sweetness of glutinous rice will be perfectly integrated, and the lips and teeth will remain fragrant.

Kunming, Yunnan: All kinds of zongzi are freshly listed, packaged and sold with old flavor.

In the major farmers’ markets in Kunming, Yunnan Province, all kinds of special zongzi are on the market, especially the dumplings now packaged are very popular.

In this large-scale farmer’s market in Kunming, the Dragon Boat Festival Zongzi has entered a hot-selling period, and the special Zongzi from Kunming, Honghe and Xishuangbanna have been placed in the obvious position of the stalls.

After shopping around, this zongzi from Guizhou also attracted many consumers to buy it. The boss said that this time he brought more than a dozen kinds of zongzi, all of which were sent from Guizhou, focusing on characteristics and freshness.

Zongzi with various new flavors has become the darling of the market, but many people still like the old flavor of being packaged and sold now.

There are people who buy finished zongzi, but some consumers still like to buy zongzi leaves and materials to wrap at home, so that the Dragon Boat Festival zongzi is full of home flavor.