Surprised or not? Your CT film is watched by an artificial intelligence computer!

　　The Medical Imaging Department of Nanjing Gulou Hospital applies the fashionable AI technology to the field of medical imaging. For patients undergoing chest CT examination in Gulou Hospital, the first "reader" of CT films is a specially trained artificial intelligence robot, which greatly improves the accuracy and speed of reading films. Recently, EBiomedicine, a sub-issue of The Lancet, introduced in detail the clinical application and transformation results of the SCI paper on "Artificial Intelligence+Medicine" led by Zhang Bing, director of the Medical Imaging Department of Nanjing Gulou Hospital. (Correspondent Liu Huiyan Intern Lu Wenqian Yangzi Evening News/Yangyan reporter Cai Yunqi)

　　A magical "game"

　　It only takes a second for a doctor to look at hundreds of pictures with the naked eye.

　　Director Zhang Bing has three computers on her desk. She demonstrated a naked-eye PK artificial intelligence reading competition to reporters. Director Zhang Bing first observed with the traditional naked eye mode to find lung nodules on CT films. There are more than 300 CT images of this patient. After preliminary screening, it is found that there is no big space occupation. However, if you want to observe small nodules, you still need to look at these more than 300 images layer by layer. Director Zhang read more than 300 pictures layer by layer on the computer, and it took about 10 seconds to preliminarily detect a small nodule with the naked eye. Then, on the other side of the computer, Director Zhang Bing calmly turned on the artificial intelligence system, just clicking the mouse on the image of the artificial intelligence system, and the diagnosis results popped up instantly on the work page: 9 suspected lesions. On the image on the left side of the work page, each suspected lesion is circled with a colored box and marked with a serial number. At the corresponding position on the right side of the page, each suspected lesion is listed according to the serial number, and the benign and malignant nodules are judged. The reporter saw that the first nodule detected by artificial intelligence coincided with the nodule observed by Director Zhang Bing with the naked eye. From the second, it was a nodule that was very small, light in color and difficult to find with the naked eye.

　　Speaking of the magic of artificial intelligence, Director Zhang remembered a case that impressed her deeply. A patient’s chest CT was examined by a doctor and found multiple small nodules, which could not be counted, but artificial intelligence accurately reported more than 800 nodules and clearly located the malignant nodules. This shocked everyone!

　　The "master reader" is tempered like this.

　　First-class experts as teachers, "feed" the data of hundreds of thousands of patients in TA.

　　How did the artificial intelligence computer master this stunt? Director Zhang Bing introduced that artificial intelligence has gone a long way before it is really put into clinical application. It takes more than three years to prepare the whole system and more than two years to turn the results into products. The whole team’s training of artificial intelligence is like a group of teachers educating and training a child to take the exam. In order to keep the children from making mistakes in the exam, the whole team fed a lot of "exercises" to the "children" — — Data. For example, in the practice of diagnosing pulmonary nodules, first-class experts in the field should be gathered. They input a lot of data about the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules to artificial intelligence, so that TA can learn what nodules are in memory again and again. In order to make the learning effect better and more rigorous, it is necessary to form a professional correction team to make rigorous feedback on every judgment of artificial intelligence. Only when more than two experts give the same opinion, will they give this answer back to artificial intelligence, so that artificial intelligence can learn deeply in constant practice and constant feedback, so as to master this skill thoroughly.

　　Can artificial intelligence make mistakes? Director Zhang Bing said that you don’t have to worry about it. Relevant data show that the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence is very high, which is higher than that of junior doctors and close to that of senior doctors. Moreover, artificial intelligence is only the first level of film reading, as well as the second reading and review by doctors with senior titles, and the final report is the responsibility of the doctors who review the report.

　　The doctor’s two-hour workload was shortened to 100 seconds.

　　Director Zhang Bing introduced that the application of artificial intelligence in medical imaging brings all-round benefits to doctors, patients and the treatment process.

　　In the traditional artificial mode, imaging department is a platform to support the discipline, and doctors need to face a lot of workload every day. Take the imaging department of Gulou Hospital as an example, it needs to receive 2500 patients every day on average, while a normal person needs to see at least 300 images in CT. Taking the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules as an example, the size, shape and blood vessel section of nodules are very similar. Doctors in the traditional mode need to look at tens of thousands of images every day, and long-term work will inevitably lead to eye fatigue and mental inability to concentrate. Therefore, it is inevitable for doctors in imaging department to miss the diagnosis of nodules, which is also one of the pain points in the workflow of imaging department. After the introduction of artificial intelligence, tens of thousands of images have been handed over to artificial intelligence, which used to take 2 hours, but artificial intelligence can detect very accurate results with a click, which greatly improves the diagnostic efficiency.

　　There are about 300 chest CT images of a normal adult, but it is impossible to print all these 300 images in the actual printing process. Generally, one is printed every four images, so about 80% of the images are lost in the printing, and there are likely to be very critical images in the lost images, which is another pain point in the workflow. For example, a patient’s report shows that there is a big nodule on the 160th layer image, but the image on this layer is just skipped when choosing to print the image. To solve this problem, it is necessary to find the 160th floor again and print it again, which is very inconvenient for doctors and patients. Artificial intelligence automatically identifies and collects key images with nodules, and automatically puts these key images on the upper layer when printing and typesetting, which overcomes this difficulty well.

　　Extended reading

　　Will AI replace doctors? The answer is no.

　　Talking about whether artificial intelligence (AI) will completely replace the role of doctors in imaging department in the future, Director Zhang Bing thinks it will not. She laughed and said that artificial intelligence AI is still only the level of primary school students, and can only replace some simple repetitive work.

　　Although artificial intelligence has greatly reduced the workload of doctors and helped them to complete most of the work, these jobs are relatively primary and simple, really complicated and need comprehensive thinking to judge, and artificial intelligence can’t replace them.

　　In the future development, artificial intelligence will mainly assist doctors to solve many simple and repetitive tasks, so that doctors can focus more on the diagnosis and treatment of intractable diseases.

　　More applications in the future: it is expected to screen out tumors at a glance.

　　Artificial intelligence technology is the trend of scientific and technological development in recent years, and the combination of artificial intelligence and medicine is also the direction of medical development. Nowadays, the application of artificial intelligence is only limited to the judgment of a single disease, and it is more common in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Director Zhang Bing told the reporter that her team has been deeply cooperating with Guo Hongqian, director of urology department of Gulou Hospital, to seek enough data to find prostate cancer in the process of image observation, so as to avoid the in-vivo puncture test that made patients very painful in the past.

　　"I hope that the future artificial intelligence will continue to grow under the support of sufficient data and sufficient training feedback, and it will be able to cope with more complex diseases, and play a role in improving efficiency and reducing errors in the whole process of imaging, so as to better help doctors treat patients and benefit mankind." Director Zhang Bing said. (Liu Huiyan, Lu Wenqian, Cai Yunqi)

　　　 Movie network news DreamWorks 3D cartoon met the domestic audience on April 20th. This cartoon, which was voiced by Nicolas Cage, Emma Stone and other movie stars, triggered a movie-watching craze in China. What is commendable is that Primitive Man has received almost zero bad reviews since its release, and the good reputation on the Internet has also contributed to the continuous rise of the box office.

Gao Qunshu repeatedly praised Weibo for firing "China films should reflect"

　　　 After watching the film, director Gao Qunshu praised it in his Weibo: "360-degree omni-directional view without dead ends, Xian Yi, young and old, is worth watching for more than five times. Life is so unhappy, and Primitive Man is so happy. The two hours in the cinema have made us happy for several days. Isn’t that enough? "

　　　 While Gao Dao praised Primitive Man, he also criticized China’s films with fierce words, and said rudely: "In the face of The Croods, China’s films are shit, of course, what I filmed is the dregs in the shit. Shame, shame, life is worse than death. " Although he deleted this Weibo soon after, it still triggered a discussion among netizens.

Clever film critics need a good story to push a good film collectively.

　　　 Even though The Croods’s box office performance in China is not so eye-catching, all the audiences who have seen the film are full of praise, especially a group of "Poison House" film critics who are slightly "tricky" on weekdays, but they all praised him this time. And think that although China movies have been improving, there are many good movies, but there are many defects.

　　　 The film critic, the Night Knight, has the strongest recommendation for this film among many film critics. He said, "After watching The Croods, there is almost no reason why not praise it. This is an animated film with excellent 3D effect, a warm and tearful family film, a road film with growing significance, a fantasy film full of wonders and monsters, and a crazy comedy that is full of joy. In short, it is a wonderful film beyond compare. Last year, many viewers missed "Invincible King of Broken Rings", so don’t leave any regrets about this one. "

　　　 When it comes to the gap between China’s films, his biggest problem is imagination: "In China’s films, the level of animated films needs to be improved most. After so many years, we have made a ‘ Pleasant goat ’ . The biggest problem is our lack of imagination, which is a problem accumulated by education for a long time, and it will not be solved for a while. "

　　　 Song Kaka, a media person, also sent a message to Weibo, saying: "Sometimes saw Thailand, Journey to the West and Encountering the West in the North, and thought that domestic films had improved, while Sometimes thought that Hong Kong and Taiwan films seemed to be ok again … Until one day, after watching The Croods, I laughed and cried from beginning to end. The truth was simple and simple, and my feelings were subtle. Finally, I realized that the gap between Chinese movies and Hollywood was still more than 150 years, and I was unable to evaluate it. I could only say: It’ s beautiful! " Film critic Hu Bugui immediately forwarded that domestic films "are not only poor in technology, but also poor in feelings, not only poor in creativity, but also poor in conscience."

　　　 On the other hand, in The Croods, directors Saunders and De Miko spent eight years patiently making this film, redefining the primitive people on the screen, and creating a lot of novel prehistoric creatures with rich imagination. They also suggested China Animation. "The most important thing is to have a good story. There are many touching stories and legends in China. If these stories with China characteristics can be turned into films, they can also be recognized by fans around the world with national characteristics." With patience, imagination and a good story, China movies hope to be on par with Hollywood movies. In the face of The Croods, who has almost no bad reviews, both China and China filmmakers should reflect.

Netizen’s hot comment:

　　　 Photographs: the unity of the family and their respective magical powers, the exile in Yuan Ye and the noise all the way, the affection, the wonders, and the various cute animals & HELIP; Echo before and after, without an unnecessary plot, roller coaster-style refreshing rhythm, laughing and crying all the way … DreamWorks animation is going to jump on Pixar to be the king of the world! Nomination for Best Animated Feature Film at the 86th Academy Awards in 2014

　　　 Taotaolinlin: Very good family animation. The story is very simple, tools, the use of fire and other reasons so that children can quickly understand, and then implanted with family and courage, the end is slightly moved. The whole story has many thrilling and funny scenes. The first paragraph of looking for breakfast is great, that is, it is wonderful, and it introduces the main characters, personality characteristics and living environment. This is a very common technique for screenwriters, but it is also very easy to use.　

　　　 Warm and sunny: Primitive people love to see tears and laugh until they burst into tears. The whole film is as enjoyable as riding a roller coaster. They don’t want to leave their seats at the end. I don’t know when I will meet such a movie again. It meets all our needs for movies. Family, friendship, love, communication and understanding grow into a cute and handsome adventure … … Ride the sun and fly to tomorrow!

　　　 Wood and Charlotte: Absolutely the best cartoon this year! My uncle Cage and stone sister dubbing is awesome! Tears are as low as I can’t stand DreamWorks’ incitement to affection! The last third are crying for Uncle Cage ~ the old foreign invasion and a family adventure! But I can’t hold it. Nice shot! I’m also happy to see the old-fashioned settings made by DreamWorks! Everyone loves impeccable five-star five-star The sequel is coming to the bowl! Pants and tanks are inexplicably cute! The flying at the end is too Noah’s Ark!

　　Cctv news"2017 China International Information and Communication Exhibition" is being held in Beijing. The test results of the second phase of 5G released by the China 5G Promotion Group, which is composed of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology, show that all indicators meet the standards of the International Telecommunication Union, and 5G is expected to be commercialized in 2020!

　　The second phase of 5G testing leads the world in many indicators.

　　According to experts, compared with 4G, the peak rate of 5G can reach 20Gbps, and the number of links per square kilometer can exceed 1 million. According to China’s 5G Promotion Group, the test shows that the existing 5G key technologies and scheme designs can fully meet the performance requirements of 5G networks such as peak rate, delay, bandwidth flow and access density determined by the International Telecommunication Union, and some key indicators have reached the world leading level.

　　Tong Wen, Chief Scientist of Huawei Wireless:

　　In the second phase of the test in 5G countries, we have set new records in many industries, among which the downlink rate is 32 gigabits per second, the requirement of the International Telecommunication Union is 10 gigabits per second, the delay time is 1 millisecond, and we achieved 0.33 milliseconds.

　　In the second phase test of 5G organized by China this year, the performance of some China enterprises almost reached the best level in the industry. A number of key technologies submitted by Huawei have been adopted as the international core standards of 5G, China Telecom is the lead and main contributor to the research of many key technologies of 5G, and ZTE has become the only manufacturer to provide a full range of equipment to participate in the seven scenarios of the second phase of China 5G test … … This means that communication enterprises in China are expected to lead the world in the 5G era.

　　5G has preliminary pre-commercial conditions.

　　At present, domestic enterprises have initially met the pre-commercial conditions in technology, system and terminal equipment. Next year, after the first-stage standard of 5G is determined, all links in the 5G industrial chain can quickly realize large-scale industrialization development.

　　According to the plan of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China’s 5G experiment will be divided into two steps:

　　The first step is to develop experiments for 5G technology from 2016 to the end of 2018. The main goal is to participate in supporting the formulation of 5G international standards;

　　The second step is to develop experiments for 5G products from 2018 to the end of 2020, with the main goal of conducting 5G pre-commercial testing.

　　Among them, the first step is divided into three stages: 5G key technology test, 5G technical scheme verification and 5G system verification, and then it will enter the stage of 5G network construction, and it is expected to be officially commercialized as early as 2020. But this doesn’t mean that 4G will quit the historical stage in 2020. Experts believe that 3G and 4G have coexisted for a long time, and the coexistence period of 5G and 4G will be much longer than that of 3G and 4G.

　　The White Paper on the Economic and Social Impact of 5G released by China Information and Communication Research Institute this year predicts that 2019 will become the first year of China’s 5G commercialization; In the initial stage of 5G commercialization, operators will carry out network construction on a large scale. By 2020, the investment in network and terminal equipment may be as high as 450 billion yuan; By 2030, 5G will drive China’s direct economic output to 6.3 trillion yuan, and the total output will be 10.6 trillion yuan in terms of indirect contribution.

　　5G lays the foundation for the Internet of Everything

　　At the communication exhibition, remote driving and holographic images based on 5G attracted many viewers to participate in the experience. When you put on special glasses, you can see another person sitting in the chair beside you so clearly, just like the scene in the movie Star Wars.

　　"In the future, autonomous driving will reach a speed of more than 120 kilometers per hour in a few milliseconds, and 5G can complete the intelligent response of autonomous driving within a delay of 1 millisecond." The staff introduced.

　　John young, president of Zhongcheng Think Tank, said that the speed and access capability of 5G can meet the needs of smart terminals such as automobiles, drones and robots in the future, and it is an important foundation for the future Internet of Everything. Many experts in the industry believe that 5G will be the first to be applied in the field of people’s livelihood, because there are more terminals and a wider range in the field of people’s livelihood.

　　"In the 5G era, large-scale applications such as smart meter reading can be better realized. Because the number of links in 4G base stations is far less than 5G, in the future Internet of Everything era, it is necessary to rely on 5G to achieve billions or even tens of billions of links. " John young said that in the future, a single 5G network can carry at least 1 million devices per square kilometer. The biggest highlight of 5G technology is that it can still meet the needs of future mobile services at a high speed in the case of limited spectrum resources. Therefore, the 5G network can provide brand-new technologies, and establish connections between people and things at a lower cost.

　　 ▌Source: CCTV News, Economic Daily

Compared with the ordinary monitoring station, it is more like a "doctor" with a comprehensive physical examination. It can not only monitor more than 150 indicators, but also find out the cause of air pollution and explain it clearly … At the press conference held by the Department of Ecology and Environment on March 7, the sub-station of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Photochemistry Group (hereinafter referred to as Super Station) walked from behind the scenes to the front.

Super stations have been planned and laid out in 15 key cities in Sichuan. Among them, the super stations in 8 cities including Chengdu have been put into use, and the remaining 7 super stations will be completed and put into operation before the end of this year. By then, a super station monitoring network will be basically formed in the whole province to realize targeted control of air pollution.

More than 150 indicators can be monitored to find out the "cause" of air pollution.

Due to the special topography, meteorology, industry, energy, traffic structure and other comprehensive factors, the prevention and control of air pollution in Sichuan Basin has entered a "deep water period", and it is necessary to move the real thing and "chew the hard bone" one by one.

How to dig?

"Targeted control is very important!" Lei Yi, deputy director of the Department of Ecology and Environment, said that based on the basic completion of the atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network, the Department of Ecology and Environment will increase the construction of super stations from 2020 to further clarify and understand the components of atmospheric pollutants and realize scientific pollution control.

So, where is the super station "super"?

At the press conference, Lei Yi made an image metaphor. "Compared with the conventional 6-parameter automatic monitoring station for ambient air quality, the super station is more like a’ doctor’ with a comprehensive physical examination." Lei Yi said that the super station can monitor more than 150 kinds of indicators, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble ions and inorganic elements in fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and 117 kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by ozone (O3). "The cause of air pollution can be clearly identified and explained." Lei Yi said.

At present, Sichuan has planned and laid out super stations in 15 key cities, among which super stations in Chengdu, Zigong, Luzhou, Deyang, Mianyang, Yibin, Guang ‘an and Dazhou have been put into use. The super stations in Panzhihua, Suining, Neijiang, Leshan, Nanchong, Meishan and Ziyang will be completed and put into operation before the end of this year. By then, a super station monitoring network will be basically formed in the whole province, which will provide more powerful support for deepening the blue sky defense war.

"Targeted pollution control" to achieve maximum environmental benefits at minimum cost.

In the winter of 2022, the concentration of water-soluble substances such as sulfate, organic carbon, elemental carbon and heavy metal iron in the air pollution in Deyang City was high, which contributed greatly to the concentration of PM2.5 in the urban area … Facing the atmospheric "disease", the Super Station accurately "felt the pulse" and found out the "cause": the characteristic pollution sources mainly came from industries such as coal burning and smelting. The targeted management and control plan was quickly released: relevant departments strengthened the management and control of enterprises such as steel and glass. When the medicine reaches the disease, the related pollutants are effectively controlled.

In addition to "targeted pollution control", the super station can also provide more accurate support for regional air environmental quality prediction and early warning of heavy pollution process.

Qi Qiang, chief engineer of the provincial ecological environment monitoring station, said that accurate early warning and forecasting have laid a good foundation for the prevention and control of air pollution, leaving enough space and gaining time for the process of dealing with polluted weather. The data shows that in 2022, the accuracy of air quality grade forecast in the next three days in the province will be 89.3%. After the completion of the super station in Mianyang, the accuracy of air quality grade forecast reached 95%.

Lei Yi said that relying on the super station, the local party committees and governments can carry out their work in a targeted manner, achieve precise control, and achieve maximum environmental benefits at the least cost.

A full-time and full-coverage atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network has been basically established.

Ecological environment monitoring is the basic work of ecological environment protection. "We have basically built a full-time, full-coverage atmospheric environmental quality monitoring network." Lei Yi said that the completion of such a network provides an important basis for assessing the improvement of environmental quality and the effectiveness of environmental pollution control in various places.

At present, there are 308 national and provincial air quality automatic monitoring stations in the province, and there is one national and provincial air quality automatic monitoring station every 25 square kilometers in the built-up areas of cities at or above the county level to monitor the ambient air quality of cities at or above the county level in real time. The eco-environment department also cooperates closely with meteorological departments to establish the Southwest Regional Air Quality Forecast Center, which can realize the forecast of air quality grade in the next 14 days at the provincial level and the forecast of major pollutants concentration in the next 7 days at prefecture-level cities. (Reporter   Tian Chengchen)

In November, CPI rose by 4.5% year-on-year.
Stable price operation and solid foundation

Core reading

In November, CPI rose by 4.5% year-on-year, 0.7 percentage points higher than that of last month. Food is the primary factor affecting this round of price increase. However, excluding the disturbance of the structural rise of some foods, the core CPI in November was 1.4%, which has been in a stable state. This reflects that the macroeconomic operation is relatively stable, the total supply and total demand are basically balanced, and the current price has no basis for an overall upward trend.

According to the national CPI (Consumer Price Index) and PPI (Industrial Producer Ex-factory Price Index) data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on December 10th, the CPI rose by 4.5% year-on-year, with an increase of 0.7 percentage points over the previous month.

Why will the CPI increase continue to expand in November? What do you think of this 4.5%? The expected target of CPI in this year’s "Government Work Report" is "an increase of about 3%", so the increase of CPI in November will not affect the completion of the annual target? With these questions, the reporter interviewed relevant experts.

The structural rise of price operation is still outstanding.

From a year-on-year perspective, CPI rose by 4.5%, an increase of 0.7 percentage points over the previous month. Among them, food prices rose by 19.1%, affecting CPI by about 3.72 percentage points; Non-food prices rose by 1.0%, affecting CPI by about 0.77 percentage points. It can be seen that food is still the primary factor affecting this round of price increases.

Food prices have gone up and down, mainly fruits, while fresh vegetables and meat have gone up. In November, the price of fresh fruit continued to drop by 6.8% year-on-year, and the decline rate was 6.5 percentage points higher than that of the previous month. The price of fresh vegetables decreased from last month to increase by 3.9%; The price of aquatic products rose by 2.4%, down 0.3 percentage points from last month; The price of pork rose by 110.2%, and the prices of beef, mutton, chicken, duck and eggs rose by 11.8%-25.7%.

Among non-food items, the prices of medical care, education, culture, entertainment and clothing rose by 2.0%, 1.7% and 1.1% respectively. Traffic and communication prices fell by 2.8%; Among them, the prices of gasoline and diesel decreased by 10.8% and 11.3% respectively. According to estimates, in the year-on-year increase of 4.5% in November, the impact of price changes last year was about 0, and the impact of new price increases was about 4.5 percentage points.

"At present, the structural rise of CPI is prominent, and the clear source of the rise is caused by pork. The impact of price increases is basically controllable, that is, related foods such as meat with consumption substitution. " Guo Liyan, a researcher at the Institute of Market and Price of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, analyzed that in November, the increase in the price of livestock meat contributed more than 70% to the increase in CPI.

At present, there is no basis for an overall upward trend in prices.

Guo Liyan introduced that year-on-year, excluding the disturbance of structural rise of some foods, the core CPI in November was 1.4%, which has been in a stable operation state.

"This shows that the CPI center is stable, reflecting that the macroeconomic operation is relatively stable, and the total supply and total demand are basically balanced. The main industrial consumer goods, service prices, housing prices and energy prices are basically in a stable or stable trend, and the current prices are not fully upward. basis." Guo Liyan said.

Judging from the recent trend, prices are also in a stable state. Non-food prices rose by 0.2% last month and turned flat. Affected by the changing seasons, clothing prices rose slightly by 0.5% in November. Travel in the off-season decreased, and the prices of air tickets, travel agency fees and hotel accommodation decreased by 11.0%, 4.4% and 3.8% respectively. Food prices rose by 1.8% month-on-month, and the growth rate dropped by 1.8 percentage points, and many of them also fell.

Shen Yun, senior statistician of the Urban Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, analyzed that in November, a large number of fruits such as apples, oranges and pears were listed, and the price of fresh fruits decreased by 3.0% compared with the previous month; The supply of aquatic products is abundant, and the price dropped by 0.5% compared with last month; In winter, the production, storage and transportation costs of fresh vegetables increased, and the price rose by 1.4%; Affected by the peak consumption season and alternative demand, the prices of beef, mutton, chicken and duck increased by 1.3%-4.3%. The tight supply of pork has eased, and the price has increased by 3.8% month-on-month, with the growth rate dropping significantly by 16.3 percentage points.

"From the perspective of consumers’ feelings, the average price of lean meat in 36 large and medium-sized cities has gradually dropped from 34 yuan in early November to below 31 yuan at the end of the month, but the average price in the whole month is still significantly higher than that in October." Guo Liyan analyzed.

It is expected that there will be no problem in achieving the regulatory objectives throughout the year.

Food prices have risen significantly, and the feelings of ordinary people are the most direct. All localities quickly started the linkage mechanism of price subsidies according to national requirements. Since the beginning of this year, 30 provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have distributed a total of 7.85 billion yuan of temporary price subsidies, benefiting 296 million people in need, and greatly alleviating the impact of rising food prices on the basic lives of people in need.

However, some people are worried that the expected target of CPI increase of around 3% this year can still be achieved?

Guo Liyan analyzed that the annual CPI is expected to remain at around 3%.

On the whole, China’s agricultural and industrial production is stable, the market supply is sufficient, and the total supply and total demand remain relatively balanced.

Looking at agriculture, the grain output has reached a new high. In 2019, China’s total grain output was 663.84 million tons, an increase of 5.94 million tons over 2018, a record high. The yield per unit area of cereals, beans and potatoes has all improved. At the same time of increasing grain income, apples, pears and other fruits have also been harvested, and the supply capacity of vegetables has continued to grow. Although the scale of pig slaughter has declined, the output of substitute meat such as chicken has increased significantly year-on-year, and the overall supply of meat protein is stable.

Looking at the industry, the product supply is very sufficient. China has a complete industrial production system, complete industrial categories and strong production capacity. In November, PPI decreased by 1.4% year-on-year, which also proved that the production capacity is sufficient.

"From the perspective of the whole year, considering the economic operation and the direction of macro-control policies, China’s stable price operation has a solid foundation, and there is no basis for overall price increases." Guo Liyan said that China has sufficient policy space, strong domestic market support, confidence, confidence, ability and conditions to ensure the smooth operation of prices. "It is expected that the annual control target of about 3% increase in consumer prices will be successfully achieved throughout the year." (Reporter Lu Yanan)

CCTV News:On January 10th, Shenzhen held a press conference on epidemic prevention and control. Since January 7th, the city has reported 4 confirmed cases in COVID-19, all of which were found in the detection of key populations, belonging to the same transmission chain.

The first case in this round of epidemic is engaged in the international goods supply chain and has a recent history of contact with overseas goods. According to comprehensive analysis, this epidemic is a local epidemic caused by overseas import, and it is highly likely that the exposure to pollutants from overseas Covid-19 will cause infection. From 12: 00 on January 7 to 24: 00 on January 9, Shenzhen completed a total of 22.187 million nucleic acid tests.

The sealed control community has sufficient materials and an orderly life.

Since the discovery of Covid-19-infected people on January 7th, Shenzhen has designated the relevant areas as closed and controlled areas.

Headquarters reporter Wei Xing:I am now located in Dongxinling Community, Buji Street, Longgang District, Shenzhen, where the first two cases of this epidemic in Shenzhen lived at that time. Now the local government has taken control measures on this place, and the building where they live has been classified as a medium-risk area, including the whole community, which is now under closed management. I can see that there is a red water horse behind me to enclose the whole community. At the entrance and exit of this community, there are staff from various departments. The public security department maintains the order of the scene, in addition, medical staff do some nucleic acid detection work here, and these volunteers wearing blue protective clothing are supported by various units. Their main job is to receive materials from the scene. If residents in the sealed control area buy some living materials, they will send them to the door of this community, and these volunteers will send them to the door of residents one by one to ensure their normal life.

It is understood that Dongxinling Community began to be closed and controlled from January 7, and the food in the first two days was distributed free of charge by the local epidemic prevention and control headquarters. From January 9, the local government organized large supermarkets to open online shopping channels to ensure the living order of residents.

The COVID-19 epidemic has lasted for more than four years, and Covid-19 is still raging around the world. According to statistics, nearly 7 million people infected with COVID-19 around the world have died of infection. In fact, the main cause of illness deterioration and even death of most patients is not the virus itself, but the excessive inflammatory reaction and inflammatory factor storm caused by Covid-19. However, the specific mechanism of how the virus triggers such a strong inflammatory response in the lungs is still unclear.

Recently, the Chinese research team of the University of Southern California published an important achievement in the journal Nature Cell Biology. Studies have revealed that Covid-19 can trigger a stronger inflammatory response than other RNA viruses. Surprisingly, this inflammatory factor storm is not caused by the rapid replication infection of the virus to lung epithelial cells, but by the "frustration infection" of the virus to a large number of immune cells pouring into the lungs in the later stage, that is, the virus can not complete the replication infection process.

The researchers further revealed the mechanism of Covid-19 infecting immune cells and triggering the storm of inflammatory factors: Toll-like receptor 1(TLR1) on the surface of immune cells recognizes the structural proteins E (envelope glycoprotein) and M (matrix protein) of Covid-19, so that the virus is endocytosed, thus causing "frustration infection". In addition, the binding of Covid-19 envelope glycoprotein E to immune cells TLR1 can directly activate the inflammatory response of immune cells, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory factors, which is the root cause of cytokine storm caused by Covid-19.

Dr. Duan Tianhao, Dr. Xing Changsheng and Dr. Chu Junjun are the co-first authors of this paper, and Professor Wang Rongfu is the correspondent author.

In order to explore the uniqueness of Covid-19’s strong inflammatory response, scientists screened 27 kinds of protein coded by Covid-19. Studies have revealed that Covid-19-encoded protein named NSP14 can directly promote the phosphorylation of IKK, a key kinase complex in the inflammatory signaling pathway, and significantly enhance the inflammatory response.

Interestingly, another Covid-19-encoded protein named ORF6 can inhibit inflammatory reaction and can be anchored to cell membrane. ORF6 significantly inhibits the activation of inflammatory reaction by preventing the nuclear entry of inflammatory transcription factor NF-κ B..

However, NSP14 promotes inflammation and ORF6 inhibits inflammation. What will be the final result of these two actions? Scientists have noticed that there was no obvious inflammatory reaction in the early stage of Covid-19 infection, but the inflammatory reaction increased significantly in the middle and late stage. This suggests that NSP14 and ORF6 may have different expression patterns at different stages of infection, which may lead to clinical observation.

After consulting the data, scientists noticed that there was a large amount of immune cell infiltration in Covid-19’s lungs at the late stage of infection. This leads to a guess: Will these infiltrated immune cells be infected by Covid-19, and then release a large number of inflammatory factors?

To answer these questions, researchers conducted a series of experiments. They used a modified version of Covid-19 labeled with green fluorescence to infect lung epithelial cells and immune cells respectively. The results showed that only lung epithelial cells showed fluorescent signal, indicating that Covid-19 could only replicate when infected with epithelial cells, but could not replicate when infected with immune cells (frustration infection). On the contrary, although a low level of inflammatory reaction activation was detected in lung epithelial cells, a strong inflammatory signal activation was detected in immune cells.

Scientists speculate that the different expression patterns of NSP14 and ORF6 in lung epithelial cells and immune cells may lead to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction in epithelial cells and the activation of inflammatory reaction in immune cells, which may be related to Covid-19’s "frustrated infection" in immune cells.

Traditionally, lung epithelial cells are the main target of infection in Covid-19, because there is a key receptor protein ACE2 on its surface, which can bind to Covid-19 spike protein S and promote the virus to invade cells. Immune cells, on the other hand, are not considered to have ACE2 receptors, so they are usually not considered to be infected by Covid-19.

However, further research shows that Covid-19 can infect immune cells despite the lack of ACE2 receptor, but due to the lack of ACE2, the virus cannot replicate after entering immune cells (frustration infection). What is even more surprising is that this "frustration infection" causes Covid-19 to selectively express NSP14 protein which promotes inflammatory response, but not ORF6 protein which inhibits inflammation, thus aggravating the inflammatory response of immune cells and promoting the generation of inflammatory storm.

Accordingly, scientists describe the complete mechanism of inflammation induced by Covid-19:

In the early stage, Covid-19 mainly infected lung epithelial cells through ACE2 receptor, where the virus quickly replicated and released a large number of virus particles to infect other epithelial cells. Although lung epithelial cells also express a small amount of TLR1 receptor and can be activated by virus, the expression of TLR1 in epithelial cells is much lower than that in immune cells, and the activation level of inflammatory signals is weak. In addition, due to Covid-19’s massive expression of inflammatory inhibitory protein ORF6 in epithelial cells, the inflammatory reaction was effectively inhibited. Therefore, the early stage of Covid-19 infection is mainly characterized by virus replication, accompanied by weak inflammatory reaction, that is, asymptomatic infection period.

In the late stage, the viral load reached the peak, the replication speed decreased, and a large number of immune cells gathered in the lungs. Immune cells recognize and bind the structural proteins E and M of the virus through the highly expressed TLR1 receptor, which triggers the activation of severe inflammatory reaction. At the same time, the virus binding to TLR1 can enter the immune cells through endocytosis. This "frustrated infection" mode prevents the virus from forming a replication and transcription complex RTC to transcribe the subgenomic RNA of the virus. Due to the lack of subgenomic RNA, viral structural proteins and viral accessory proteins including ORF6 cannot be expressed, but the pro-inflammatory protein NSP14 can be directly translated through genomic RNA. Because only NSP14 is expressed without ORF6, the inflammatory reaction is further aggravated, and immune cells release a large number of inflammatory factors, triggering a storm of inflammatory factors.

In addition, scientists have also studied other human coronaviruses of Coronaviridae. They found that SARS-CoV-1 triggered a large number of inflammatory reactions through the same molecular mechanism as SARS-CoV-2, and even the ability of its E protein to induce inflammation in immune cells was higher than that of SARS-CoV-2. This explains why the mortality rate of SARS-CoV-1 was as high as 11% when it broke out 20 years ago, far exceeding the current epidemic of SARS-CoV-2.

In contrast, other mild human coronaviruses, such as OC43, NL63 and 229E, have weak binding ability to TLR1, which also explains that their symptoms are usually mild.

This study reveals in detail the complete molecular mechanism of Covid-19 from its early entry into the human body for replication to its late stage, which leads to severe inflammation and death of patients, and provides important theoretical guidance for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. At the same time, the study also found that the small molecule inhibitor of TLR1 may be a better choice for the treatment of severe COVID-19 infection.

　　Chengdu Business Daily reporter Huan Xiaohuai’s photo report

　　In the monitoring screen, Uncle Li looks around in the corridor of the Pixian government office, scanning the house number information on both sides. A few minutes ago, he was helped into the office building by the security guard at the door as a blind man, seeking assistance from the civil affairs department of Pixian County.

　　When the person in charge of the Pixian rescue management station rushed to the scene, Uncle Li showed his true colors. He had been rescued 126 times in the national rescue management information system, and his trip went north along the Yangtze River from his hometown of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, all the way to Sichuan.

　　The story of a professional runner

　　Build a building with computers and organic hemp.

　　On June 21, an old man with sunglasses and a crutch caught the attention of the security guard at the door outside the building of Pixian government office. "He said he would go to the Civil Affairs Bureau for help." Mr. Li, the security captain, recalled that everyone thought he was blind and helped him into the building. The old man took the elevator to the outside of the office of the Civil Affairs Bureau of Pixian County, but the security guard who was watching found the "blind man" looking around the corridor. The office of the Civil Affairs Bureau informed the person in charge of the rescue station to come to understand the situation, but Uncle Li only asked for accommodation.

　　When checking the information, the rescue station found that Uncle Li was named Li Hongbiao, and there have been more than 120 aid records. After being caught, Uncle Li pressed the elevator himself, walked down the 9-step ladder neatly, and stopped a taxi to leave after going out.

　　The reporter inquired that Uncle Li lives in a township in Wuning County, Jiangxi Province. The reporter contacted the local village party secretary Li Moumou. He revealed that Uncle Li has a disability in one eye and an 80-year-old mother. These are facts, but he is wandering all the year round. "The main reason is to make some money." Li Moumou said that Uncle Li’s family has a building on the first floor and the first floor. It was just renovated last year. There are computers and two or three machines at home. Usually, villagers are recruited to play mahjong at home and collect some tea money.

　　According to the National Rescue Management Information System, Uncle Li started running in December 2010 and went to Sichuan seven times. He was helped in food, accommodation and communication during the rescue.

　　■ More than 120 aid records Uncle Li, wearing sunglasses and crutches, appeared in the Pixian government office building and asked for help. Everyone helped him into the building, but he looked around in the corridor. Through information checking, he has more than 120 information on aid. After being caught, he pressed the elevator, walked down the 9 steps neatly, and stopped a taxi to leave after going out.

　　■ Rescue management upgrade The upgraded version of the National Rescue Management Information System began to be used this year, and the situation of the rescued people receiving assistance at rescue stations across the country is clear at a glance. It can help the rescue station to identify professional runners like Uncle Li.

　　Professional runners are all acting school.

　　Can pretend to be blind, can vomit blood and want money.

　　Lao Xiong has seen a lot of professional runners like Uncle Li. "One knows the policy better than the other. Real recipients are willing to go home, but they don’t just want money. "

　　Letters of distress and certificates of honor are all false.

　　In the records of the Pixian Rescue Station, on February 3, 2015, Xiao Wang, a 32-year-old from Xinxiang, Henan Province, came to the station to claim that he had AIDS and asked for money to buy medicine. Lao Xiong said that he could take him to the hospital. He also proposed to go home. The staff of the rescue station accompanied him to the station. "Generally, you can’t give money directly. You should watch them get on the bus when you buy a ticket, otherwise they will refund the ticket and cash out."

　　In the waiting area of the station, Xiao Wang went into the toilet and spat blood when he came out. When the staff of the rescue station and the station staff were busy, Xiao Wang disappeared. It turned out that he had returned the ticket and left the station.

　　Lao Xiong took out a pile of information, which was full of "critically ill notice", "distress letter" and "honorary certificate" … … "These are all false help-seeking materials that we found in joint investigations with the public security and urban management. They are all fake!" The reporter counted that there were 55 such materials.

　　"If you receive a helper from the public security and urban management departments, or if the rescue station patrols the street and finds someone asking for help." The staff of the rescue station said that they wanted to get help at the first time, but after verification, they often fell below the glasses — — Riding thousands of miles for 8 yuan and seeing netizens cheated are all routines.

　　"Running King" ran 874 stops in five years.

　　Last year, Pixian Rescue Station rescued more than 180 people. Among these recipients, 55 people have been rescued for more than three times, and 40 of them have been rescued for more than 100 times.

　　According to the national rescue information system, Lu Ming, who lives in kaiyuan city, Tieling, can be called the "running king". He began to "run the station" on May 21st, 2011, with a record of 874 stops, seeking help in food, accommodation, communication and transportation at the rescue station. According to the 88-page record, he has traveled all over Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Liaoning and other places. Among them, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong are the main positions, and almost every county in Yunnan has been visited.

　　From January to June this year, Lu Ming ran 30 stops every month. His latest record is that he was rescued in Maitreya County on June 23, and on June 17, he went to the rescue stations in Yuping, Xinhuang and Putian for help, running three rescue stations a day.

　　monster-revealing mirror

　　The nationwide network of rescue system blocks the space for runners to cheat money.

　　Professional runners waste social resources and occupy the space that really needs rescuers. The rescue station called for a more perfect linkage mechanism and blacklist system to block their space.

　　Lao Xiong revealed that the runners also built a QQ group. Where it is easy to fool, they will run to that place. Fortunately, the upgraded version of the National Rescue Management Information System began to be used this year. This is a "magic mirror". The information of the rescued person is clear at a glance, and the situation of his rescue at various rescue stations can be found. "It can help us improve our screening ability."

　　That’s how Uncle Li was identified. However, according to the principle of rescue management, "many times, although we know that it is a stop, we can’t ignore them." Lao Xiong said that Article 50 of China’s "Interim Measures for Social Assistance" stipulates that the state provides temporary accommodation, emergency treatment, assistance in returning and other assistance to vagrants and beggars who have no livelihood. However, the Ministry of Civil Affairs stipulates that, in principle, cash should not be provided to recipients. Due to special circumstances need to provide short-distance public transportation, generally not more than 20 yuan. Lao Xiong said that with the networking of the system, some runners began to March into towns and villages, "only go once, and then stop."

　　After a long time in the rescue station, the staff can tell who really needs help. "Real help seekers will be willing to stay or ask to go home." The old bear said, while runners are often articulate and clear-minded. Lao Xiong said that Chengdu has also established a linkage mechanism. People in towns and villages who need assistance should contact the rescue station in time. Those who have been rescued by the rescue station will also send a list to towns and villages to avoid repeated assistance. "Professional runners waste social resources and occupy the space that really needs rescuers." Lao Xiong called for the establishment of a more sound linkage mechanism and blacklist system, so that they have no loopholes to drill.

The Regulations on National Defense Patents are hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of November 1, 2004.

country affaircourtyardtotalLi Wen Jiabao

Jiang Zemin, Chairman of the Central Military Commission

September 17th, 2004

National defense patent regulations

Chapter I General Principles

the first　In order to protect the patent right of inventions related to national defense, ensure state secrets, facilitate the popularization and application of inventions and creations, promote the development of national defense science and technology, and meet the needs of national defense modernization, these Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

the second　National defense patent refers to an invention patent that involves national defense interests and has a potential role in national defense construction and needs to be kept confidential.

Article　The national defense patent agency (hereinafter referred to as the national defense patent agency) is responsible for accepting and examining national defense patent applications. If the national defense patent agency considers that it conforms to the provisions of these regulations, the patent administration department of the State Council shall grant the national defense patent right.

The competent department of science, technology and industry for national defense in the State Council and the General Armament Department of China People’s Liberation Army (hereinafter referred to as the General Armament Department) are responsible for the administration of national defense patents in local systems and military systems respectively.

Article 4　Inventions that involve national defense interests or have potential effects on national defense construction and are identified as top secret state secrets shall not apply for national defense patents.

The application for national defense patents and the confidentiality of national defense patents shall be managed in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Guarding State Secrets and the relevant provisions of the state before decryption.

Article 5　The term of protection of the national defense patent right is 20 years, counting from the date of application.

Article 6　During the protection period of a national defense patent, if it is necessary to change the classification, decrypt or extend the confidentiality period after the termination of the national defense patent, the national defense patent institution may make a decision to change the classification, decrypt or extend the confidentiality period; However, if it has been determined as a state secret before applying for a national defense patent, it shall obtain the consent of the organ, unit or its superior organ that originally determined the classification and duration of confidentiality.

A unit or individual who has been granted the national defense patent right (hereinafter referred to as the national defense patentee) may submit a written application to the national defense patent institution for changing the classification, decrypting or extending the confidentiality period; If it belongs to a state-owned enterprise, institution or military unit, it shall attach the opinions of the organ, unit or its superior organ that originally determined the classification and duration of confidentiality.

The national defense patent institution shall publish the decision to change the classification, decrypt or extend the confidentiality period in the Internal Bulletin of National Defense Patent published by the institution, and notify the national defense patentee, and at the same time, submit the decrypted national defense patent to the patent administration department of the State Council for conversion into ordinary patent. The patent administration department of the State Council shall promptly announce the decrypted national defense patents to the public.

Article 7　The right to apply for a national defense patent and the national defense patent right may be transferred to domestic China units and individuals upon approval.

The transfer of the right to apply for a national defense patent or a national defense patent right shall ensure that state secrets are not leaked and that national defense and army building are not affected, and a written application shall be submitted to the national defense patent institution, which shall, after preliminary examination, submit it to the competent department of science, technology and industry for national defense and the General Armament Department of the State Council for examination and approval in a timely manner in accordance with the division of responsibilities stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 3 of these regulations.

The competent department of science, technology and industry for national defense of the State Council and the General Armament Department shall make a decision of approval or disapproval within 30 days from the date when the national defense patent institution accepts the application; If a decision of disapproval is made, it shall notify the applicant in writing and explain the reasons.

Where the right to apply for a national defense patent or the national defense patent is transferred upon approval, the parties concerned shall conclude a written contract and register it with the national defense patent institution, which shall publish it in the Internal Bulletin of National Defense Patent. The right to apply for a national defense patent or the transfer of a national defense patent shall take effect as of the date of registration.

Article 8　It is forbidden to transfer the right to apply for a national defense patent and the national defense patent right to foreign units and individuals, as well as foreigners and foreign institutions at home.

Article 9　If it is necessary to entrust a patent agency to apply for a national defense patent and handle other national defense patent affairs, it shall entrust a patent agency designated by the national defense patent agency to handle it. Patent agencies and their staff have the obligation to keep confidential the state secrets they know in the process of handling national defense patent applications and other national defense patent affairs.

Chapter II Application, Examination and Authorization of National Defense Patent

Article 10　To apply for a national defense patent, a request, a specification, its abstract, a patent claim and other documents shall be submitted to the national defense patent institution.

The applicant for a national defense patent shall write an application document in accordance with the requirements and uniform format stipulated by the national defense patent institution, and deliver it in person or by confidential communication and other confidential means to the national defense patent institution, and shall not send it by ordinary mail.

The date when the national defense patent institution receives the national defense patent application documents is the application date; If the application documents are sent by confidential communication, the postmark date shall be the application date.

Article 11　National defense patent agencies regularly send people to the patent administration department of the State Council to check the common patent applications. If it is found that any of them involve national defense interests or have potential effects on national defense construction and need to be kept confidential, it will be converted into a national defense patent application with the consent of the patent administration department of the State Council, and the applicant will be notified.

After an ordinary patent application is converted into a national defense patent application, the national defense patent institution shall examine the national defense patent application in accordance with the relevant provisions of these Regulations.

Article 12　An invention granted a national defense patent right shall be novel, creative and practical.

Novelty means that no identical invention has been published in foreign publications, published in domestic publications, used in China or known to the public in other ways before the application date, and no identical invention has been applied by others and won the national defense patent right after the application date.

Creativity means that compared with the existing technology before the filing date, the invention has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress.

Practicality means that the invention can be manufactured or used and can produce positive effects.

Article 13　An invention applying for a national defense patent shall not lose its novelty in any of the following circumstances within 6 months before the date of application:

(1) It was exhibited for the first time in an internal exhibition held by the relevant authorities in the State Council and China People’s Liberation Army;

(2) It was first published at an internal academic meeting or technical meeting held by the relevant authorities in the State Council and China People’s Liberation Army;

(3) others disclose the contents of the national defense patent without the consent of the applicant.

In case of any of the circumstances listed in the preceding paragraph, the applicant for a national defense patent shall declare it at the time of application and provide relevant supporting documents within 2 months from the date of application.

Article 14　After reviewing the application for a national defense patent, the national defense patent institution shall notify the applicant for a national defense patent to state his opinions within a specified time limit or make amendments or corrections to his application for a national defense patent; If no reply is made within the time limit without justifiable reasons, the national defense patent application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.

An applicant for a national defense patent may, within 6 months from the date of application or when replying to the notice of the first examination opinion, voluntarily propose amendments to his national defense patent application.

The applicant shall not modify the application documents for national defense patent beyond the scope recorded in the original specification and claims.

Article 15　After the applicant for a national defense patent states his opinions or makes amendments or corrections to the application for a national defense patent, the national defense patent institution considers that it still does not conform to the provisions of these Regulations, and shall reject it.

Article 16　The national defense patent institution shall set up a national defense patent reexamination board to be responsible for the reexamination and invalidation of national defense patents.

The national defense patent reexamination board is composed of technical experts and legal experts, and its chairman is concurrently the person in charge of the national defense patent institution.

Article 17　If the applicant for a national defense patent refuses to accept the decision of the national defense patent institution to reject the application, he may, within 3 months from the date of receiving the notice, request a review from the National Defense Patent Reexamination Board. After the national defense patent reexamination board reexamines and makes a decision, it shall notify the national defense patent applicant.

Article 18　If an application for a national defense patent is found to have no reason for rejection after examination, or it should not be rejected after reexamination, the patent administration department of the State Council shall make a decision to grant a national defense patent right, entrust a national defense patent institution to issue a national defense patent certificate, and announce the application date, authorization date and patent number of the national defense patent in the patent bulletin published by the patent administration department of the State Council. The national defense patent institution shall register the relevant matters of the national defense patent and publish them in the Internal Bulletin of National Defense Patent.

Article 19　Any unit or individual who believes that the grant of the national defense patent right does not conform to the provisions of these regulations may request the National Defense Patent Reexamination Board to declare the national defense patent right invalid.

Article 20　The national defense patent reexamination board shall, after examining the request for invalidation of the national defense patent right and making a decision, notify the requester and the national defense patentee. The decision to declare the national defense patent invalid shall be registered by the national defense patent institution and published in the Internal Bulletin of National Defense Patent, and the patent administration department of the State Council shall publish it in the patent bulletin.

Chapter III Implementation of National Defense Patents

Article 21　The national defense patent institution shall, within 3 months from the date of granting the national defense patent, send a copy of the relevant documents of the national defense patent to the relevant competent department of the State Council or the relevant competent department of the People’s Liberation Army of China. The department that receives the copy of the document shall put forward written opinions on the implementation of the national defense patent within 4 months and notify the national defense patent institution.

Article 22　The relevant competent departments of the State Council and China People’s Liberation Army may allow their designated units to implement national defense patents in their own systems or departments; Need to specify the implementation of the national defense patent outside the system or the department, it shall submit a written application to the national defense patent institution, which shall report to the competent department of science, technology and industry for national defense of the State Council and the General Armament Department for approval in accordance with the division of responsibilities stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 3 of these regulations.

National defense patent institutions shall register the designated implementation of national defense patents and publish them in the Internal Bulletin of National Defense Patents.

Article 23　The unit that exploits the national defense patent of others shall conclude a written implementation contract with the national defense patentee, pay the fees to the national defense patentee in accordance with the provisions of Article 25 of these regulations, and report to the national defense patent institution for the record. The implementing entity shall not allow any entity other than those stipulated in the contract to exploit the national defense patent.

Article 24　Where a national defense patentee permits a foreign unit or individual to exploit its national defense patent, it shall ensure that state secrets are not leaked and that national defense and army building are not affected, and submit a written application to the national defense patent institution, which shall conduct a preliminary examination and submit it to the competent department of science, technology and industry for national defense and the General Armament Department of the State Council for examination and approval in a timely manner in accordance with the division of responsibilities stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 3 of these regulations.

The competent department of science, technology and industry for national defense of the State Council and the General Armament Department shall make a decision of approval or disapproval within 30 days from the date when the national defense patent institution accepts the application; If a decision of disapproval is made, it shall notify the applicant in writing and explain the reasons.

Article 25　Those who exploit other people’s national defense patents shall pay the national defense patent royalties to the national defense patentee. The implementation of the national defense patent produced by using the national defense research funds directly invested by the state or other national defense funds for scientific research activities conforms to the purpose of using the funds for producing the national defense patent, and only the necessary national defense patent implementation fee may be paid; However, unless otherwise stipulated in the scientific research contract or the scientific research task book.

The fee for the implementation of national defense patents mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to the expenses incurred in the implementation of national defense patents for providing technical information, training personnel and further developing technologies.

Article 26　The amount of the implementation fee or royalty for the designated implementation of the national defense patent shall be determined by the national defense patentee and the implementing unit through consultation; If no agreement can be reached, it shall be decided by the national defense patent agency.

Article 27　The state shall compensate the patentee of national defense. After issuing the national defense patent certificate, the national defense patent institution shall pay the national defense patent compensation fee to the national defense patentee, and the specific amount shall be determined by the national defense patent institution. If it is a service invention, the national defense patentee shall pay not less than 50% of the compensation fee to the inventor.

Chapter IV Administration and Protection of National Defense Patents

Article 28　The Internal Bulletin of National Defense Patent published by the national defense patent institution is a state secret document, and its scope of knowledge is determined by the national defense patent institution.

The internal bulletin of national defense patent published the following contents:

(1) Descriptions recorded in the national defense patent application;

(2) the patent claim for national defense;

(3) an abstract of the description of the invention;

(4) Grant of national defense patent right;

(5) Termination of the national defense patent right;

(6) invalidation of the national defense patent right;

(seven) the transfer of the right to apply for a national defense patent and the national defense patent right;

(8) Designation and implementation of national defense patents;

(nine) the record of the national defense patent licensing contract;

(ten) the change of classification and decryption of national defense patents;

(eleven) the extension of the period of confidentiality of national defense patents;

(12) the change of the name or address of the national defense patentee;

(thirteen) other related matters.

Article 29　After the national defense patent is granted, in any of the following circumstances, with the consent of the national defense patent agency, the national defense patent specification can be consulted:

(1) making a request for invalidation of the national defense patent right;

(two) the need to implement the national defense patent;

(three) the occurrence of national defense patent disputes;

(4) It is necessary for national defense scientific research.

Visitors are obliged to keep confidential the state secrets they know in the process of consulting.

Article 30　The relevant competent departments of the State Council, China People’s Liberation Army and the administrative departments of science, technology and industry for national defense of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall designate an institution to administer the national defense patent work and notify the national defense patent institution. The agency for the administration of national defense patent work is guided by the national defense patent agency in business.

Military units that undertake national defense scientific research and production tasks and participate in military orders, enterprises that perform investor duties in the State Council and institutions directly under the State Council shall designate corresponding institutions to manage the national defense patent work of their own units.

Article 31　At the request of the parties, the national defense patent institution may mediate the following national defense patent disputes:

(1) Disputes over the right to apply for a national defense patent and the ownership of the national defense patent;

(2) Disputes over the qualification of national defense patent inventors;

(3) Disputes over the reward and remuneration of the inventor of a service invention;

(4) Disputes over royalties and implementation fees for national defense patents.

Article 32　Except as otherwise provided in the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and these Regulations, if a national defense patent is implemented without the permission of the national defense patentee, that is, the national defense patent is infringed and disputes are caused, the parties concerned shall settle them through consultation; Unwilling to negotiate or failing to do so, the national defense patentee or interested party may bring a suit in a people’s court or request the national defense patent institution to handle it.

Article 33　In violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, the disclosure of state secrets shall be handled in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Guarding State Secrets and the relevant provisions of the state.

Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

Article 34　To apply for a national defense patent and go through other formalities with the national defense patent institution, the fees shall be paid in accordance with the provisions.

Article 35　The relevant provisions of the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) are applicable to national defense patents, but if there are special provisions in this Ordinance, the provisions of this Ordinance shall prevail.

Article 36　These Regulations shall come into force as of November 1, 2004. On July 30, 1990, the Regulations on National Defense Patents approved by the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC) were abolished at the same time.

　　I. Policy background

　　In 2016, the city implemented the decentralization of urban renewal and strong areas. According to the Decision of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government on Implementing the Reform of Urban Renewal (Order No.288 of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government) (hereinafter referred to as Order No.288) and the Decision of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government on Deepening the Reform of Planning Land System and Mechanism (Order No.298 of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government) (hereinafter referred to as Order No.298), the examination and approval authority of urban renewal projects and the implementation plan of agricultural conversion involved are adjusted to district governments (including new ones) Under the new situation of decentralization in strong areas, in order to do a good job of linking up the work among provinces, cities and districts after the reform, better guide and standardize the examination and approval of land for urban renewal projects of demolition and reconstruction, and improve the efficiency of examination and approval, the Provisions on the Examination and Approval of Land for Urban Renewal Projects of Demolition and Reconstruction in Shenzhen (hereinafter referred to as the Provisions) is formulated in combination with the relevant provisions of the state, provinces and municipalities on land management, which serves as the basis for urban renewal agencies in various districts to examine and approve the implementation plan of land for urban renewal projects and the conversion of agricultural land.

　　Second, the main content

　　The "Regulations" consists of nineteen articles, the main contents of which are as follows:

　　(A) on the scope of application of the policy

　　The "Regulations" apply to the examination and approval of the implementation plan for the development and construction land and its agricultural land conversion.

　　(B) on the division of land use approval authority

　　According to Decree No.288 and its implementation opinions and Decree No.298, the municipal competent department of planning and land is the competent department of urban renewal business, responsible for the policy formulation and business guidance of the implementation plan for the development and construction of land and its agricultural land conversion, and summarizes the examination and approval of each district every six months and reports it to the municipal government; The district government is responsible for the examination and approval of the implementation plan for the development and construction of land and its agricultural land conversion; The urban renewal agencies in each district are responsible for the specific examination and approval work, and the relevant departments do a good job of cooperation within the scope of their duties.

　　(3) About the scope of land use approval

　　Urban renewal projects are based on the scope of project demolition defined by urban renewal unit planning, and land use approval is carried out according to the phased implementation timing determined by urban renewal unit planning. The "Regulations" distinguish four situations, which involve staging but not project implementation, not involving staging but sub-project implementation, sub-project implementation by stages, and sub-project implementation by stages, and clarify the units that approve the development and construction land. If a whole area contains a number of development and construction land, all development and construction land shall go through the formalities of land use examination and approval at the same time, and the subsequent procedures shall go through the formalities of signing the land use right transfer contract at the same time.

　　(four) on the land application materials and approval conditions.

　　In accordance with the Decision of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Amending the Administrative Measures for the Examination and Approval of Construction Land, the Notice of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Land and Resources on Implementing the Opinions of the State on Improving and Optimizing the Pre-examination and Review of Construction Projects, and the Notice of the Shenzhen Municipal Planning and Land Resources Committee of the Shenzhen Municipal Finance Committee on Further Defining the Payment Process of Paid Use Fees for New Construction Land, The Reply on Approving to Authorize the Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government to Exercise Relevant Land Management Authority, the Measures for Urban Renewal in Shenzhen and its detailed rules for implementation, and in combination with the provisions of relevant policies such as prevention and management of geological disasters, investigation and evaluation of soil environment, the Provisions clarify the application materials and conditions for examination and approval of development and construction land and its implementation plan for agricultural conversion.

　　(five) on the development and construction of land involved in the approved land without construction.

　　Linked to the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Measures for Urban Renewal in Shenzhen and the Technical Regulations for the Planning and Compilation of Urban Renewal Units for Demolition and Reconstruction in Shenzhen (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations for the Planning and Compilation of Renewal Units), the Regulations stipulate the work of this situation in the stages of urban renewal unit planning approval, project implementation subject confirmation, cancellation of real property right certificate, land use approval and land transfer from the perspective of land use approval. Following the principle of equal area, equal period, equal development intensity and other functions, the area, use, plot ratio, transfer period and start date of the vacated land shall be implemented according to the agreement in the transfer contract of the land use right of the vacated land.

　　(six) the situation that the urban renewal unit contains overhead corridors, cross-street buildings or underground spaces.

　　The "Regulations" are linked with the "Technical Regulations on Updating Unit Planning", and the applicants, departments and procedures for land approval for public overhead corridors and public passages outside the scope of development and construction land are defined. At the same time, the "Regulations" clarify that the horizontal projection range, area and vertical elevation of overhead corridors, cross-street buildings or underground spaces should be clear when the construction land is approved. However, considering that it is difficult to define the specific spatial location in the stage of land use approval, the Regulations propose that in the stage of construction project planning permission, the horizontal projection range, area and vertical elevation can be appropriately adjusted according to the urban renewal unit planning and relevant standards and specifications, and a supplementary agreement on the land use right transfer contract can be signed, so it is not necessary to re-apply for construction land approval.

　　(seven) on the phased implementation of urban renewal units, there is a lack of legal land use indicators within the scope of later project demolition.

　　Urban renewal unit planning takes urban renewal unit as a unit for overall planning, and there may be insufficient legal land use indicators within the scope of later project demolition in urban renewal units implemented by stages. In this case, if the legal land use index of the later project is insufficient, the legal land use index of the signed land use right transfer contract can be used to exceed the area of the transferred development and construction land. When there are many kinds of land use categories beyond the legal land use index, they shall be used in the order of land price calculation.

　　(eight) on the urban renewal project involving non-agricultural construction land and illegal construction land left over from the history of rural urbanization.

　　In accordance with the principle of respecting history and safeguarding the rights and interests of the original rural collective, and according to the order of demarcation of non-agricultural construction land, the Regulations respectively stipulate different treatment principles for non-agricultural construction land before and after the disposal of illegal construction land left over from rural urbanization history.

　　(nine) on the situation that the urban renewal project involves the overlapping of non-agricultural construction land and old house village land.

　　For non-agricultural construction land and the old house village land overlap, the overlapping part is treated as non-agricultural construction land, and the old house village land is not included in the legal land use index; The overlapping part is treated as the land used in the old house village, and the non-agricultural construction land can be separately included in the legal land use index within the scope of demolition, and there is no need to adjust the non-agricultural construction land plan.

　　(ten) on the time limit and procedures for land use approval.

　　Combined with the relevant provisions of the administrative license, the time limit for examination and approval of development and construction land is 20 working days. The approval procedure is as follows:

　　Figure 1 Flow chart for approval of development and construction land

　　(twelve) land transfer and non-agricultural construction land index verification.

　　Urban renewal unit planning determines that the land to be handed over to the government free of charge should be handed over before the signing of the land use right transfer contract for urban renewal projects. Urban renewal projects involving non-agricultural construction land within the scope of demolition, the district urban renewal agencies shall notify the municipal competent department of planning and land to send agencies within the jurisdiction to write off non-agricultural construction land indicators before the signing of the land use right transfer contract for urban renewal projects.

　　(thirteen) the time limit and procedures for the approval of the implementation plan for the conversion of agricultural land.

　　If the development and construction land of the project involves the occupation of agricultural land and unused land, the implementation plan for the conversion of agricultural land shall be formulated by the district urban renewal agency and submitted to the district government for approval simultaneously with the development and construction land. The procedure is as follows:

　　Fig. 2 Flow chart for approval of implementation scheme of agricultural conversion

　　(fourteen) on the use of land use planning indicators.

　　Before compiling the implementation plan of agricultural land conversion for renewal projects, the district urban renewal institution shall solicit the opinions of the agencies dispatched by the competent department of city planning and land administration, and clarify the sources of new construction land indicators. The dispatched offices of the municipal competent department of planning and land shall, according to the reply issued by the district government, do a good job in the ledger management of the indicators of agricultural conversion in the jurisdiction, and report to the municipal competent department of planning and land regularly for summary as required.

　　(15) Information disclosure

　　After the district government issues the approval of construction land and the approval of the implementation plan of agricultural conversion, the district urban renewal institution shall make the approval of land use and the implementation plan of agricultural conversion public at the project site and portal website respectively.

　　(XVI) About the effective date.

　　The Regulations shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.