[Global Technology]

　　Author: Deng Bing Unit: Peking University New Media Research Institute.

　　The dark net is usually considered to be closely related to illegal activities, providing criminals with a low-risk cooperation platform and an opportunity to challenge the "border". The covert network based on anonymous communication system has developed into a complex form. However, not only criminals rely on the anonymity of the covert network, law enforcement officers, military institutions and intelligence agencies also need to use the covert network, and they can conduct online monitoring and fishing law enforcement on the covert network, as well as protect anonymous intelligence channels and top secret plans.

　　Dark network has been frequently used as an illegal trading platform for a long time, and the factors to maintain its stable operation and development are closely related to the trust construction mechanism of dark network market. It is of great reference significance to understand the complexity of the transaction process in the dark market and explore the trust mechanism that affects the dark market transactions, so as to understand and destroy the dark market transactions, maintain the cyberspace order and build a harmonious digital governance system.

　　1. Dark network: the space explored from the surface network.

　　In 2006, The Farmer’s Market, the first well-known "dark net", was born. According to the data of Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), from 2006 to 2009, "Farmer’s Market" developed more than 3,000 users in all 50 states and 34 other countries and regions. By 2011, the total annual transaction volume exceeded $1 million. "Farmer’s Market" deals in almost all kinds of contraband, among which drugs and controlled drugs are the main ones, and it relies on commission to maintain the operation of the dark net. In its heyday, it was called "Amazon in the field of illegal trading". In April 2012, the US Drug Enforcement Administration cooperated with local police and intelligence departments in the Netherlands, Colombia, Scotland, etc. to crush the "farmers’ market" and arrest eight organizers of different nationalities, including Mark William. In September 2014, the founder William was sentenced to 10 years in prison for drug trafficking and money laundering, and the remaining 7 people were convicted except one who died in prison.

　　In October 2013, the Silk Road, which sold illegal drugs, provided digital goods such as malicious software and pirated media, forged documents and provided illegal computer intrusion services, was closed down, and its founder Ulbrite was sentenced to life imprisonment. This incident made the "dark net" surface again and attracted attention.

　　The covert network, also known as the covert network, is a hidden server, which is included in the "deep network". Contrary to the surface network, it exists in the World Wide Web in the covert network. The content that traditional search engines can’t capture requires special software, configuration or permission to log in. It is worth noting that the World Wide Web and the Internet are not synonyms. The World Wide Web is only a part of the Internet, and the websites we can search through traditional search engines are only a part of the World Wide Web-the surface network. The number of domain names in the dark network is 400 to 500 times that of the surface network, and visitors will not leave any traces on it. The deliberately hidden content contained in the dark network may be used for legal purposes, or it may be used to hide criminal acts or other malicious activities. The use of the dark network has attracted the attention of relevant departments and scholars.

　　At present, the most popular and practical anonymous communication system Tor (onion routing abbreviation) is a common way for individuals to access the dark network. The communication of Tor depends on the network composed of volunteer computer nodes using the software, and all the network traffic of users will be encrypted and transmitted through a series of computer nodes of other users in the network, so that the traffic cannot be traced back to the original users. By establishing "hidden service", service providers and service requesters are anonymous to each other in the whole communication process. Tor-based dark network adopts this protocol to maintain the anonymity of dark network users.

　　In the dark network, users can browse classified encyclopedia content by using hidden directory web pages, search contraband and other trading content by using hidden search engines, and communicate through private communication methods by using hidden forums, hidden chat rooms and hidden emails. As scholars have said: "A considerable amount of information is missed by search engines because it is hidden in the depths. This deep field of the Internet has unknown breadth, depth, content and users." The covert network provides an anonymous service and platform for activities such as illegal commodity sales and the organization, communication and cooperation of a series of malicious attackers such as criminals, terrorists and spies, enabling users to evade censorship, access banned content and protect sensitive communications. The dark network mainly trades in bitcoin or other digital currency, and mail is the main communication mode in the dark network market. For sellers, customer evaluation is an important evidence of the reputation of businesses.

　　It should be pointed out that not only criminals rely on the anonymity of dark networks, but also law enforcement officers can deal with a man as he deals with them. In fact, law enforcement personnel, military agencies and intelligence agencies also need to use the dark net. They can conduct on-line monitoring of the dark network, fishing law enforcement, anonymous information channels and top secret plans. Anonymity in the dark network can be used to avoid being censored and attacked by hackers, to protect users from being monitored and eavesdropped, to attack and shut down illegal websites, and to interrupt server attacks and communications.

　　Although individuals may anonymize activities, researchers have been exploring ways to use security vulnerabilities to infiltrate, de-anonymize and track malicious behaviors. In order to identify the source of malicious attacks online and detect the real destination of network traffic visiting dark websites, researchers are constantly developing "de-anonymization" technology that can identify hidden services and individuals to resist the invasion of criminal forces from dark networks. Anonymity in the covert network can also be used to protect the military command and control system on the battlefield from enemy identification and attack; At the same time, you can also shut down websites or interrupt network attacks to intercept enemy communications; It can also be used for anti-espionage activities and spreading false news. For example, the researchers of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Advanced Intelligence Research Project (IARPA) of the US Department of Defense have explored various methods of "finding people who don’t want to be discovered".

　　2. Double-edged sword: anonymous technology and dark network resource mining.

　　The development of dark network economy promotes the rise of anonymous servers, anonymous mailboxes, anonymous mail services and so on. Cryptographic currency has entered the field of vision of ordinary users, but it has brought convenience to people and also opened a new door for economic crimes such as money laundering. The dark net market provides a lower-risk platform for users to illegally trade. In the future, these online black markets will no longer be centrally managed websites such as the Silk Road, but will be a form that disperses the processes of goods, information, payment and feedback, making it more difficult to move.

　　The quantity and quality of dark network resource information are better than those of surface network. The demand for these resource information makes researchers constantly explore ways to efficiently fill the query interface of dark network and obtain dark network resources. For example, scholars of Nankai University classify the information of dark network resources according to their fields, including finance, internet, literature, chemistry and so on, and each of them contains detailed subcategories. The dark network can be accessed through many anonymous nodes decentralized on the network, including Tor or I2P. When using these anonymous communication tools, the IP address of the user remains hidden all the time, and the IP address displayed by the connection with any target website can be anywhere in fact, so it is difficult to capture the source and location of the user. When using Tor, the website URL will change its format. Websites usually end with the suffix "ion" to identify "hidden services", instead of ending with. com,. org,. net, etc. When using Tor to search the Internet, an onion icon Tor browser is usually displayed. The biggest disadvantage of this service is its slowness.

　　According to the Dark Net Report published by the Congressional Research Service in 2017, the average number of daily Tor users in the United States is 353,783, accounting for 19.2% of the average daily Tor users. The United States has the largest number of Tor users per day, followed by Russia (11.9%), Germany (9.9%) and United Arab Emirates (9.2%). As for the communication mode on the dark network, individual users usually choose to start with the social news website Reddit. The sub-section of the dark network in the website often provides a dark network entrance, and the website opens up a platform for users to discuss, but it is not encrypted or anonymous. Individuals who want to use a more secure form of communication can choose to use email hosted on Tor, online chat rooms or private communication. Many anonymous instant chat rooms are hosted on Tor, some do not require users to provide any information, and some require users to register through email.

　　The anonymity and untraceability of the dark network make any user stay anonymous in real time when accessing the dark network, and will not reveal his identity to the server, including criminals who engage in illegal activities. For example, in 2016, official website, a dark trading platform, was attacked by hackers, resulting in a large amount of information in the database being leaked, and countless credit card information and thousands of user accounts being stolen. The attack of "black eating black" not only affected the portal website of cyber criminal gangs, but also affected the original holders of the data.

　　However, anonymous service is not an absolute weapon for illegal activities to "smooth" the network. In October, 2011, the famous hacker organization Hacktivist launched an attack on the dark net, destroying a website called Freedom Hosting, which hosted more than 40 child pornography websites. Hacktivist obtained the user database of the website, which enabled the FBI to trace the real identity of individuals, and has successfully filed criminal charges against 185 of them.

　　3. Dark-net payment: the tip of the iceberg of illegal activities

　　In addition to the anonymity and untraceability of users, traders in the dark world also need to solve the anonymity problem of transaction settlement. Because all countries have strict monitoring methods for the banking system, the criminal behavior based on the dark net will inevitably lead to the tracking risk of the banking system through the traditional bank account. Some scholars believe that the rise of virtual currency such as Bitcoin just solves this problem.

　　As a payment medium, Bitcoin has impressed the public with its anonymity and privacy since its appearance. Every bitcoin payment record in the digital general ledger is called blockchain, which records the transfer of bitcoin between users (essentially a transaction). Blockchain is a distributed bookkeeping technology. Every transaction will be recorded on it, and everyone who accesses the blockchain will have this account book, so Bitcoin itself has certain transparency, because everyone will get the transaction record. Although the Bitcoin wallet has a unique coded identifier, it does not point to the identity of the trader, so it is impossible to know who the trader behind it is.

　　Bitcoin was born in 2009, but at the beginning of its birth, Bitcoin was just an encrypted number. It was not until the "Bitcoin Pizza Day" in 2010 that an American programmer bought a pizza worth $30 with 10,000 bitcoins, which made Bitcoin get the value of $0.003 for the first time. In 2011, the "Silk Road" was born, and cryptocurrency officially became the "official" currency in the dark net market. It solves the anonymous problem of traders’ transaction settlement in the dark market, and makes criminal acts get rid of the risk of being tracked by the traditional financial system.

　　In short, Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that uses anonymous peer-to-peer transactions. The user’s address is associated and stored in the "e-wallet", which contains the personal "private key"-a series of secret numbers, allowing the person to spend bitcoin from the corresponding e-wallet, similar to a password. The transaction address and encrypted signature are used to verify the transaction. The wallet and private key are not recorded in the public classification of books, and the electronic wallet can be hosted on the network.

　　Since bitcoin has no issuer, there is no crisis of being frozen like ordinary currency, so it has become a new way for criminals to blackmail. In May 2017, Wanna Cry ransomware became popular all over the world, and virus makers locked in "poisoned" users and demanded to pay a certain amount of bitcoin as the price of unlocking.

　　Dark networks are usually considered to be closely related to illegal activities, providing criminals with a low-risk cooperation platform, such as using anonymous chat rooms and communication services to plan crimes and spread criminal skills. All kinds of contraband, stolen goods and stolen information can be sold for profit.

　　When Facebook leaked user information two years ago, some hackers revealed that the sales amount of related user information in the dark network was very cheap, and the really sought-after information was bank accounts and passwords. Ghost Sec, a hacker organization that cracked down on terrorist organizations, once tracked a bitcoin wallet worth $3 million, confirming that virtual currency has become one of the channels for terrorist organizations to raise funds.

　　However, there is a shortage of activity data about bank accounts and passwords. It is estimated that only about 1.5% of Tor users can access hidden service pages or hidden web pages, and it is unknown how much Tor traffic will flow to any of these websites. It is difficult for ordinary users to touch the boundaries of these websites, and some websites require users to obtain invitation codes to visit.

　　At the same time, the dark network provides criminals with opportunities to challenge the "boundaries", including physical boundaries, physical-network boundaries, and network boundaries. As long as the network can reach, there is the possibility of crime. A large number of studies tend to describe the dark net as a "safe haven" for illegal activities, and call for the supervision of the dark net to reduce the possibility of breeding crimes. Based on the characteristics of easy access, strong concealment, special transaction mode and great harm to public safety, dark network can easily become a channel for spreading obscene information, a platform for trading illegal goods and a safe haven for terrorism. Some researchers believe that to improve the supervision mechanism of dark network, we should first strengthen the prevention and control of propaganda information about dark network, strengthen the supervision of logistics industry and raise users’ awareness of confidentiality. Some scholars also believe that it is difficult to solve the problem of dark network. The most important point is that the complexity of transnational crime and anonymous mechanism make the threat posed by dark network not limited by region, especially the advantages of blockchain technology provide great convenience for the criminal activities of dark network. Scholars who study the terrorist crimes in the dark net believe that even though criminals in the dark net are more concealed in ways and means than those in the surface net, in order to improve their anonymity and security, users need to update their tools frequently and be familiar with all kinds of auxiliary software, thus raising the technical threshold for using the dark net. Therefore, the criminal activities in the dark net are auxiliary in function and are not the "culprit" of rampant criminal activities.

　　4. Dark Net Sellers: How to Build Trust

　　Although trust is a very personal emotion, under the escort of anonymous technology, sellers of dark networks must also expand their user groups and market their products, technologies and services by building trust with buyers. Reputation is as important to dark net sellers as to surface net and real buyers. For a dark network that cannot conduct face-to-face transactions and is not bound by any trading laws and regulations, buyers should not be able to establish trust with sellers under normal circumstances. However, the actual situation is just the opposite. It is rare to fail to deliver goods or sell defective products on the dark network. Based on the research conducted by Nicolas Christin, a scholar at Carnegie Mellon University, on 184,804 feedbacks on the Silk Road in eight months, the favorable rate of products on the dark network is as high as 97.8%.

　　Like Airbnb landlords or sellers of surface online shopping platforms, the "suppliers" in the dark network also attach great importance to their "brand" reputation and customer satisfaction. Generally speaking, the supplier interface of the secret network will contain the following information: the total amount of transactions completed, the registration time of suppliers, the last login time of suppliers, other important aliases of suppliers, competitive advantage, refund strategy, postage and delivery method. Make sure that even if the buyer doesn’t buy the goods they offer in the end, he will be deeply impressed by the credibility of the seller.

　　In fact, the marketing strategy used in the dark network is an imitation of the marketing strategy of ordinary e-commerce They will not only present product pictures on the page, and mark the price, place of shipment, place of delivery, inventory, creation and update time, seller’s evaluation, etc., but also have discount activities (such as buying two for one), special member prices and additional benefits to provide a refund guarantee for dissatisfied buyers. Dark net sellers will even promote sales through marketing techniques such as "limited inventory" and "limited supply". Some suppliers who are eager to occupy the market or newly established will establish their brand image by providing services such as "free samples", "the lowest in the whole network" and "evaluating transactions", and will also promote promotional activities by setting up "festivals" in the dark network. For example, the dark net will also celebrate "Black Friday" and carry out discount activities. The future of the dark network market does not depend on anonymous networks, bitcoin, or other encryption methods. What can really retain customers is excellent user service and experience.

　　Competitiveness, credibility and sincerity are the three basic elements for dark net sellers to build trust. In order to highlight the reliability, the buyer encourages the seller to comment on the speed of reply, whether the communication is smooth, and whether the way of transporting the goods is safe enough. Feedback from buyers, whether positive or negative, cannot be deleted. "Good credit mechanism" attracts sellers from offline market to dark net. Generally speaking, we don’t equate the dark net with the ordinary online community, but there is a strong sense of community in the dark net market. For example, users will chat in the community on Reddit (social media platform) and publicly condemn the sellers who are dissatisfied with the dark net. As james martin, an American management and information expert, explained in his research on drugs in the dark net, the dark net has its own order, and the users in the dark net also look at other people’s behaviors with the standard of honesty, without relying on experience or individual evaluation, but relying on the group judgment of the whole dark net community to make a choice.

　　Some related industries came into being, for example, some websites will use professional testers to provide random testing services for drugs sold in the dark net. For example, a dark network website will immediately update the dark network market ranking and product testing progress with the highest favorable rate. Users can send the purchased samples to a drug testing laboratory independently established by the community for testing, and then they will feed back the test results to users. No matter "cutting corners" or "shoddy", the results will be published on this website, revealing the information of suppliers who sell such products, and untrusted suppliers will be expelled from the dark market.

　　As mentioned above, every bitcoin payment record in the digital general ledger is called blockchain, which records the transfer of bitcoin between users. This distributed bookkeeping technology enables the dark network to form an independent virtual society, with its own independent and closed credit system, which is not controlled by the offline credit system, and is also difficult to be tracked by means of supervising criminal activities.

　　A few days ago, officials of the US Securities and Exchange Commission issued a statement saying that Bitcoin and Ethereum are not securities. Previously, they also warned users about the risks of Bitcoin trading. The Chinese government completely bans virtual currency ICO (initial currency issue, blockchain term) such as Bitcoin, which makes the trading prospect of cryptocurrency in the mainstream market confusing. Despite the constraints of circulation, investors still hold expectations for the future development of Bitcoin, and it is obviously inappropriate to weaken the dark network transaction and its concealment by restricting the withdrawal of cryptocurrency.

　　Guangming Daily (14th edition, August 13th, 2020)

Source: Guangming Net-Guangming Daily

The hospital stipulates that the examination fee and medicine fee prescribed by doctors for patients should reach 1:1, and bonuses will be deducted if they fail to meet the standards; Therefore, doctors can only "implore" patients not to prescribe drugs without examination.

In recent days, a piece of "An Min Notice" on the desktop of the oncology specialist clinic of Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine has attracted attention. Some doctors revealed that because income is linked to "billing", doctors, nurses and even department directors have resigned. (April 10, Yangcheng Evening News)

△ Image from the Internet

What is the reason why Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine did this?

The income of doctors is directly linked to the income of departments.

The income of the hospital is mainly composed of drug income, examination income, medical income and other income.Especially in some traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, their turnover of examination, operation and prescription is generally far behind that of general hospitals. In order to support doctors and nurses, hospitals must try their best to encourage doctors to pay more examination fees with lower cost, and also combine examination fees with performance distribution.

Reducing "Drug Proportion" to Meet Higher Inspection

There is a very important index — — Proportion of medical expenses.According to the current requirements, the drug fee income of tertiary hospitals generally does not exceed 50% of the total hospital income.In this reality, some hospitals require to ensure that the ratio of drug fees to inspection fees is always 1: 1.

The purpose of controlling the "proportion of drugs" at the national level is to control the drug income of hospitals, so as to effectively solve the problem of supporting doctors with drugs, but why did it change its taste when it came to Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital? What happened when I left?

【Cctv review] get rid of taking medicine to support medicine, and don’t let the crooked monk bend the scriptures.

It is the highlight of promoting the reform of the medical system to get rid of using medicine to support doctors.In recent years, there have been many water tests all over the country, and many places have also summed up good experiences. However, this time, the situation in Guangzhou Chinese Medicine Hospital has greatly reduced people’s confidence.Will "medical care with medicine" be replaced by "medical care with examination"?

"It is difficult and expensive to see a doctor" has been criticized, and "separation of medicine" has always been considered as a magic weapon to alleviate "expensive medical treatment".When the income of doctors and hospitals is no longer linked to drugs, the impulse of doctors to promote drugs will naturally fade, which will eventually benefit patients.For example, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital introduced medical service fees in 2012, and at the same time cancelled drug addition. 1148 kinds of drugs sold in hospitals are all sold at the purchase price. The reform has made many people see the hope of "separation of medicine".

However, this time, the regulations of Guangzhou Chinese Medicine Hospital are like taking a pot of cold water. In the process of "separation of medicine and medicine", the cost of medicine may have dropped, and the cost of examination has gone up, and the patient has not benefited. Why is this happening?As we all know, the diagnosis and treatment systems of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine are completely different.Western medicine relies more on technical equipment for diagnosis and treatment, and obtains the basic data of the disease through CT, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram and other inspection items. Traditional Chinese medicine relies more on experience to feel the patient’s condition and prescribe the right medicine. Therefore, in the income composition, Chinese medicine relies more on Chinese medicine, while western medicine accounts for part of the inspection fee and medicine fee. As you can imagine,When the hospital is asked to reduce the drug fee, in order to increase the income, it must raise the inspection fee like a seesaw, and the wonderful regulations come from this.

Necessary examination subjects are indispensable, but unnecessary examination subjects will increase the burden on patients.As you can imagine, when you have to do ECG and X-ray for minor illnesses such as catching a cold, "reducing the burden on patients" becomes an empty talk.

At the national level, the top-level regulation of "drug proportion" is made to control the drug income of hospitals, thus effectively breaking the practice of supporting doctors with drugs. However, at the implementation level, it has become a "medical examination", which shows that "separation of medicine" can not be achieved in one battle. In the process of promoting reform, medical institutions should also take the initiative to enhance the underlying design. Otherwise, the original intention of good reform will inevitably change at the grassroots level, and "expensive medical treatment" will become "more expensive medical treatment".

Reducing the proportion of drugs is to reduce the burden on patients.On the one hand, efforts should be made to reduce the impulse of doctors to sell drugs through changes in institutional mechanisms.Of course, this does not depend on promoting the impulse of doctors to sell "examination subjects", nor can we expect doctors to lose their income.Therefore, we should do everything possible to mobilize the enthusiasm of doctors to provide better medical services for patients.The medical service fee for testing water in Chaoyang Hospital emphasizes the value of doctors’ professional services, which can be used for reference.On the other hand, the reform of "taking medicine to support doctors" should also appropriately increase investment in hospitals.Otherwise, blindly emphasizing self-revolution and letting doctors reduce their income will lead to an embarrassing scene in Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital: doctors work hard to see a doctor with their conscience and earn 18 yuan wages in one month; Or don’t prescribe drugs to patients unless they undergo a series of unnecessary medical examinations.

Get rid of medicine to support doctors, yes! Reducing the cost of medicine is also true!The mistake of Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine lies in the fixed thinking: the loss inside the embankment must be compensated outside the embankment.This also tells us that it will not be smooth sailing to break the road of supporting doctors with medicine.In order to make the medical system reform finally succeed, "patients’ interests" and "doctors’ enthusiasm" must achieve a win-win situation, and neither can be less!

　　On May 29th, the Emergency Management Department issued a public notice in official website, intending to apply to the Ministry of Education for establishing an emergency management university.

　　According to the public, the emergency management university to be declared will be built in Langfang City, Hebei Province, and will be established by the merger of North China Institute of Science and Technology and Disaster Prevention Institute. It is a full-time public undergraduate school.

　　On May 31st, Wang Hongwei, a researcher at the National Development and Strategy Research Institute of Renmin University of China, who participated in the research on special topics related to personnel training in the Emergency Management Department, said in an interview with Red Star News that the emergency management university to be declared is the only one in China with the name of emergency management, and I hope it can promote the innovation of emergency management concepts, systems and capabilities, and cultivate high-quality professionals for promoting the modernization of China’s emergency management system and capabilities.

　　Screenshot of official website, Emergency Management Department

　　The establishment of the Emergency Management University has already started, and official website has changed its name.

　　The Red Star News reporter learned that the relevant schools have actually taken actions to build an emergency management university.

　　According to public reports, in February 2020, North China Institute of Science and Technology held a related meeting, calling on cadres, teachers and students to be the founders of emergency management university. In May of the same year, at the faculty meeting, North China Institute of Science and Technology made it clear that the main task in 2020 was to build an emergency management university.

　　In November 2020, the Emergency Management Department and the People’s Government of Hebei Province signed an agreement to jointly build North China Institute of Science and Technology. Both sides expressed their support for North China Institute of Science and Technology to upgrade its school-running level, increase the introduction and training of high-end talents, strengthen the construction of emergency management disciplines and personnel training, and build a high-level emergency management university as soon as possible.

　　In February, 2021, the Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology, which is separated from North China Institute of Science and Technology by a wall, also released the news that "the school held a middle-level cadre meeting", which mentioned that "the preparation of emergency management university will be the core task in 2021".

　　In July, 2021, Bu Changsen, the leader of the emergency management university preparation working group, introduced the progress of the emergency management university (preparation). He pointed out that the emergency management department has submitted the application materials for the establishment of the emergency management university to the Ministry of Education, and the subsequent preparatory work is also being actively, continuously and orderly promoted.

　　On August 31st, 2021, the Emergency Management University (to be established) held an initial meeting of middle-level cadres. Bu Changsen, secretary of the temporary Party Committee of the Emergency Management University (to be established), put forward new requirements such as "six tightness and tightness" for the preparatory work of the university; Zhang Ruixin and Ren Yunsheng, deputy secretaries of the temporary Party Committee, summarized the summer work and made arrangements for the new semester work. Shi Feng, deputy secretary of the temporary Party Committee, asked all cadres, teachers and students to unify their thinking, strengthen their confidence and work together to realize the dream of emergency management university at an early date.

　　According to official sources, Bu Changsen, secretary of the Party Committee of North China Institute of Science and Technology, has served as the interim Party Secretary of Emergency Management University (to be established), Zhang Ruixin, president (director) and deputy secretary of the Party Committee of North China Institute of Science and Technology, Shi Feng, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Institute of Disaster Prevention Technology (presiding over the work of the Party Committee) and Ren Yunsheng, vice president of Institute of Disaster Prevention Technology (presiding over the daily administrative work of the school), also serve as the interim Party Secretary.

　　On May 22, 2023, the Party Committee and the ministerial meeting of the Emergency Management Department pointed out: Take the preparation of the Emergency Management University as an opportunity to strengthen cooperation in emergency Industry-University-Research and guide and support the development of strategic emerging industries such as safety emergency equipment.

　　Red Star News reporter noticed that the name of official website of North China Institute of Science and Technology has been changed to "Emergency Management University (to be established)".

　　Official website of North China Institute of Science and Technology, whose name has been changed to "Emergency Management University (to be established)".

　　Scholars: I hope to build a highland for cultivating high-level talents in emergency management.

　　Official website introduced that North China Institute of Science and Technology is a university directly under the Emergency Management Department, and its predecessor was the cadre school of the Central Ministry of Fuel Industry founded in 1950; In 1955, it was placed under the Ministry of Coal and renamed the Cadre School of the Ministry of Coal Industry; In 1982, it was upgraded to Beijing Coal Management Cadre College; In 1985, China Coal Mine Safety Technology Training Center was established, and the management system of "one institution, two brands" was implemented with the school; In 1993, it was transformed into an ordinary college and renamed North China Mining College. In 2002, it was upgraded to an ordinary undergraduate college and renamed North China Institute of Science and Technology; In 2011, he obtained the professional degree of Master of Engineering (safety engineering field) and postgraduate training qualification. The school is located in Yanjiao National High-tech Development Zone, Hebei Province, adjacent to Beijing City Sub-center. The school covers an area of 800 mu with a building area of 450,000 square meters. The school has 14 secondary colleges and 2 departments. There are 56 undergraduate majors, involving eight disciplines such as engineering, science, literature, law, economy, management, education and art.

　　The Institute of Science and Technology for Disaster Prevention, affiliated to the Seismological Bureau of China, is the only comprehensive full-time general institution of higher learning in China that focuses on higher education in disaster prevention, mitigation and relief with complete disciplines. Founded in 1975, the school enrolls students nationwide, with more than 9,200 full-time students.

　　In February, 2021, the Party Committee of the Emergency Management Department decided to merge North China Institute of Science and Technology and Institute of Disaster Prevention Technology to build an emergency management university. Wang Hongwei, a researcher at the National Development and Strategy Institute of Renmin University of China, said that North China Institute of Science and Technology and Institute of Disaster Prevention are actually neighbors, and there is a wall between the two schools. Opening the wall is a campus. At the same time, many majors set up by the two schools are also related to emergency management, and there is a natural basis for merger.

　　In Wang Hongwei’s view, a lot of work has been done in the merger and preparation of the above two universities. With the application of the Ministry of Emergency Management to the Ministry of Education for the establishment of an emergency management university, the emergency management university will be born soon.

　　Regarding the training status of emergency management talents, Wang Hongwei introduced that at present, there are more than 70 colleges and universities in China offering emergency technology and management majors, which are awarded engineering or management degrees. Two disciplines for emergency management has been set up in 20 985 universities to train master’s and doctoral students. In addition, some vocational colleges and private training institutions will also carry out emergency management-related training. "This kind of training has a wide range, including management and skills."

　　Wang Hongwei suggested that the University of Emergency Management should dare to break away from convention, open its doors and introduce more leading emergency management talents at home and abroad to become a highland for cultivating high-level emergency management talents. At the same time, it is necessary to closely follow the business of emergency management departments and provide theoretical and intellectual support for the modernization of emergency management.

　　Zhang Yanliang, chief reporter of Red Star News, reports from Beijing.

1905 movie network news On May 11th, Mexico time, actor Harley Bailey appeared on the red carpet of the premiere of the live-action movie and interacted with fans enthusiastically.

In the film, the little mermaid played by Harley Bailey meets the handsome prince on the land, and finally rushes out of the underwater world to overcome the spell and pursue the love she wants.

On the red carpet at the premiere of The Little Mermaid, Harley Bailey appeared in a long gray dress, showing off her proud figure. It is reported that the film has been scheduled for release on May 26th.

1905 movie network news An animated film directed by Chris Eberhans and produced by a series of animation producers, including Aron Warner, Chris Brambo and Jackie Chan, recently released a preview of "I want everything to come true", along with a poster of "Above".Earlier, at the 28th Golden Rooster and Hundred Flowers Film Festival, Mr. Jackie Chan warmly recommended this animated film and revealed that he would participate in the dubbing work.

Shenlong first entered modern civilization and staged a "real fragrance" scene. 　

Confident to realize one’s wishes, the result is "superior"

In the preview of "wishing for success", "wishing for the dragon" finally revealed his true colors, which was quite different from the image of "dragon" in everyone’s mind. This dragon has a supple pink fur, even its claws are fluffy, as cute as cat’s claws, and with its unique cute and humble personality, it will definitely make people forget it.

In the trailer, Shenlong harvested the first partner of this modern world, Shanghai teenager Ding Siqi. However, the dragon, which can’t wait to display its divine power to show its great power, has been dazzled by modern civilization. It looks like it has never seen the world before, and it is curious about TV, refrigerators and airplanes. Even the prawn strips are called "civilian food" by their appearances, but it tastes "delicious" immediately after eating it.

Finally, Ding Siqi made a wish to Shenlong to become a wealthy son, and the operation of Shenlong was as fierce as a tiger. Ding Siqi did become a wealthy son, and he was also presented with transportation: several fine horses. Wish Dragon’s comic atmosphere can be seen in the clear mind and all kinds of unexpected jokes that make people laugh.

Along with the trailer of "I want things to come true", there is also a poster of "Above". As the name implies, the poster shows the hero Ding Siqi sitting on the faucet of the wishing god. Ding Siqi is holding a bright green teapot in his hand, as if he is talking happily to the dragon, while the dragon is looking at him with a face of "disgust".

The well-defined "hair" of the dragon and the realistic hair texture of the body all reflect the excellent production level of the film. The color scheme with pink as the main tone and the dragon horn of MengMeng add a little more lovely temperament to Shenlong, and the expression seems to reveal helplessness, and the feeling of "cute base" is vividly portrayed. In the background picture, the Oriental Pearl stands out, making it clear that this romance happened in Shanghai, China.

China and the United States co-produced and gathered global animation elites to build a world-class China Dragon.

It is understood that Chris Eberhans, the director of Wish Dragon, is a China fan, obsessed not only with China culture, but also with loong. Aron Warner, the Hollywood gold medal producer and "the father of Shrek", who is his partner, is especially good at creating vivid and impressive animated characters. The two of them jointly created a brand-new pink dragon image this time, and their cute personality and unique appearance complement each other, which is impressive.

The production team of the whole film is also Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, which brings together elites in the industry at home and abroad, most of whom have participated in the production of top animated films. As the producer of the film, Jackie Chan also participated in the dubbing work. Jackie Chan has provided voice for many animated films before, including Mulan, and so on. His highly recognizable voice and his own jokes have brought unforgettable viewing experience to the audience. This time, I look forward to his voice in Wish Dragon.

In order to tell a story that happened in China, with China cultural background and China emotion, Wish Dragon’s creative team moved directly to Shanghai to live and collect scenery and experience the local customs of the city. They also innovatively designed the image of the Oriental Dragon, giving it a pink appearance and supple fur, making the dragon look more lovely and vivid. The wishing dragon, who traveled through time and space and came to the modern world, met Ding Siqi, a Shanghai boy, and went through hardships hand in hand. What kind of interesting things will happen to this incredible combination in Shanghai? Let’s wait and see.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 27th
In Japan, makeup and skin care are no longer women’s "patents". More and more men use makeup and skin care to enhance their image, including many middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old.

　　On November 15, 2023, people walked through the crossroads in front of Shibuya Station in Tokyo, Japan. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Xiaoyu photo

　　Kyodo News quoted data from Japan Yingdezhi Market Consulting Co., Ltd. as saying that with the popularity of online meetings, men are paying more and more attention to their image in online meetings and using cosmetics and skin care products more and more. Compared with 2017, the sales of such products increased by 1.7 times in 2023, reaching 43.3 billion yen (about 2 billion yuan). In addition, more and more middle-aged men began to make up. The data shows that these people’s spending on cosmetics has increased by 1.5 times.

　　In November last year, Shiseido launched a new version of male skin care products advertisement, featuring 50-year-old actor Takashi Sorimachi and his wife. By March this year, the sales volume of this skin care product had increased by 60% after the advertisement was broadcast.

　　A health care product company under Suntory Company in Japan has tried to sell skin care products for middle-aged and elderly men since 2022, and its two-year sales exceeded 4 billion yen (185 million yuan), which greatly exceeded expectations. According to the company, at present, 70% of middle-aged and elderly men in Japan have never tried skin care, so this market has great potential. (Jing Jing)

1905 movie network news Directed by Qian Jiale and starring Ekin Cheng, Jordan chan, Xie Tianhua, Qian Jiale and Lin Xiaofeng, the film released a special edition of brotherhood today. Although the five people have developed in various ways over the years, they have matured a lot, but they still have a tacit understanding when filming, and they are playing tricks on each other outside the scene, which makes people feel that "true brothers show their true feelings". This time, Qian Jiale, who is also a director and actor, personally directed and escorted the film with extremely enthusiastic and golden horse-level creativity.

Fighting side by side in the play, funny and funny outside the play

Brotherhood is everywhere.

Counting down, Ekin Cheng, Jordan chan and other golden kids have been good brothers for at least 20 years. Although everyone has developed independently in these years, the big screen reunion after 20 years is still full of tacit understanding. In this special feature of brotherly love, producer Ceng Zhiwei said that the film itself is about brotherly love, and there is a lot of affection in it. And coming out of the movie, everyone is still brothers and brothers. Jordan chan expressed his deep feelings on the set, thanking everyone for getting together to make a movie after 20 years, which made people moved by the sincere brotherhood of these five people.

Everyone fought side by side in the play, while the five people on the set outside the play were very relaxed. In their spare time, they teased each other and laughed constantly. In the special edition, Xie Tianhua looked at the camera and imitated the embarrassment of his brother’s "digging nose excrement" at the scene, which made netizens sigh, "It really is a true brother, and there is no draft in the pit!" "Ha, ha, ha, brother laughing doesn’t need any idol baggage, and he has to fight for the whole brother."

With the support of all his brothers, Qian Jiale "guided" and "acted" correctly.

The busiest person on the set

In the filming of "Golden Brothers", Qian Jiale is both a director and an actor, becoming the busiest person on the set. Other brothers can take a rest when there is no play, but he must make adequate preparations for the next scene. The brothers collaborated on the film again after 20 years, which won the full support of everyone. Qian Dao said frankly that the pressure was not small. In this special edition, it is not difficult to find that the money guide from the martial arts master is very strict, and he strives for perfection in every movement. Every detail such as the posture of the gun, the angle of shooting, the range of action, the mood of the actor, etc. is extremely demanding and even demonstrated in person. In order to clarify the movement rhythm, Qian Dao also sang a well-known classic song "All-powerful Storm" at the scene. In order to ensure the quality of the movement, various methods can be said to be used to the extreme.

Qian Jiale is a famous martial arts instructor in the film industry. He used to be the youngest martial artist in Hongjiaban, and also won the Golden Horse Award for Best Action Design. Now he is the director and starring of "Golden Brothers", and with the tacit understanding of the brothers, the action scenes in the film will definitely make people shine.

It is reported that "Golden Brothers" is directed by Qian Jiale, supervised by Ceng Zhiwei, starring Ekin Cheng, Jordan chan, Xie Tianhua, Qian Jiale, Lin Xiaofeng, Ceng Zhiwei, Yamei and Kurata Baozhao, starring Zhang Yu’s friendship and Sherman’s special performance, with Beijing Yaolai Film and Television Culture Media Co., Ltd., Shadow Artist Entertainment Production Co., Ltd., Beijing Yaoyun Xinying Investment Co., Ltd. and Beijing Xinyinglian Film Industry Co., Ltd. It will debut in the Mid-Autumn Festival on September 21st.

The hottest estimate in recent years is the AI track. But now everyone is basically talking about generative AI, not traditional AI like Alpha Go. What’s the difference between the two? Let’s analyze it from five aspects.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a very broad topic. Today, the author will discuss the generative AI and traditional AI in detail. From the perspective of technology, application, development process, capability scope and future development potential, we can see their differences.

Traditional AI is based on rules and data.

Traditional AI, also known as "rule-driven AI" or "discriminant AI", mainly relies on preset rules and a large number of training data to work.

Its core idea is to train through a large number of data, so that the model can learn to extract features from the data, and then classify or predict according to these features. Traditional AI includes various machine learning algorithms, such as decision tree, support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression.

For example, if you want traditional AI to recognize pictures of cats and dogs, you need to provide thousands of labeled pictures of cats and dogs. AI will classify these pictures by learning their features (such as pointed ears of cats and round noses of dogs).

Generative AI is based on generative model.

Generative AI is an AI that can generate new content. It can not only identify and classify data, but also create new data.

The core technologies of generative AI include generative countermeasure networks (GANs), variational encoders (VAEs) and large language models (such as GPT-3). By learning a large number of training data, these models can generate new content similar to the training data.

For example, if you let generative AI learn a lot of paintings, it can not only identify different styles of paintings, but also create new paintings by itself, imitating a certain style.

Application of traditional AI

Traditional AI is widely used in various fields that need accurate classification and prediction. The following are the main applications:

1. Medical diagnosis: Traditional AI can help doctors analyze medical images and identify early lesions, such as cancer and pneumonia.

2. Financial services: In banks and financial institutions, traditional AI is used for credit scoring, fraud detection and stock market forecasting.

3. Speech recognition: Traditional AI technology is used to develop voice assistants, such as Siri of Apple and Google Assistant of Google, which can recognize and execute voice commands of users.

Application of generative AI

Generative AI is used in many creative and generating tasks because of its unique creative ability. The following are the main applications:

1. Content generation: Generative AI can be used to create new text content, stories, articles and even news reports. For example, GPT-3 of OpenAI can generate high-quality articles according to the input prompts.

2. Artistic creation: Generative AI can create new music, paintings and videos. For example, GANs can generate new works of art and even imitate the styles of famous artists.

3. Game design: Generative AI can create new game characters, scenes and plots, and improve the diversity and interest of the game.

The development of traditional AI

The development of traditional AI can be traced back to 1950s. The Dartmouth conference in 1956 was considered as the symbol of the birth of AI, and scientists began to explore how to make machines intelligent.

1980s: Expert system was an early AI application, which used rule base and reasoning engine to simulate the decision-making process of human experts.

2000s: The rise of machine learning With the improvement of computing power and the explosive growth of data, machine learning algorithms have been widely used.

Development course of generative AI

The development of generative AI is relatively new, and the following are several important milestones:

2014: The proposal of GANs: Ian Goodfellow proposed the Generation Countermeasure Network (GANs), which is an important breakthrough of generative AI, and it can generate very realistic images and videos.

2017: Transformer model: The Transformer model proposed by Google laid the foundation for the development of generative AI, especially in the field of natural language processing.

2020: release of GPT-3: OpenAI released GPT-3, a language model with 175 billion parameters, which can generate high-quality text, marking an important milestone of generative AI.

The ability range of traditional AI

Traditional AI is good at solving problems in specific fields, such as classification and regression. Traditional AI can perform classification and regression tasks by learning historical data, such as image classification, speech recognition, and forecasting house prices.

Pattern recognition: It can recognize and extract patterns and features from data, and is widely used in image processing, voice processing and other fields.

Automated decision-making: Traditional AI can make decisions automatically based on preset rules, such as credit scoring and fraud detection.

Capability range of generative AI

The capabilities of generative AI are more extensive and flexible, and the main capabilities include:

Content generation: Generative AI can generate high-quality text, images, music and other content. For example, ChatGPT can write stories and answer questions; GANs can generate realistic face images.

Simulation and prediction: it can simulate complex systems and make predictions, such as weather forecast and market trend forecast.

Enhance creativity: Generative AI can help artists and designers create new works of art and provide creative inspiration.

It is important to note here that the development potential of traditional AI is not necessarily less than that of generative AI. The two are just like the application of different technical capabilities in different scenarios. As long as the choice is correct and appropriate, the problem can be solved well.

"In fact, an application, if it solves complex scenes and complex problems, must be a master of new and old technology paradigms. For example, the customer service robot of a financial enterprise requires extremely high controllability. The content generated by the big model can’t be seen directly, but must be manually configured. It can be RNN, Bert and other models for classification and vector retrieval, or it can be an expert system of the older generation. "

The above text comes from Yu Changhong, a teacher in the group chat (the head of Zhuiyi Technology Product Center and former product director of Tongcheng Yilong, WeChat official account: Hongguan AI).

Future development of traditional AI

Traditional AI is still developing, and the potential directions in the future include:

1. Higher accuracy and efficiency: With the improvement of algorithm and computing power, the accuracy and efficiency of traditional AI in classification and prediction tasks will be further improved.

2. Wider application: Traditional AI will be applied to more fields, such as intelligent manufacturing, smart cities, autonomous driving, etc., further changing our lifestyle.

3. Integration with other technologies: Traditional AI will be combined with technologies such as Internet of Things, big data and cloud computing to form a smarter system.

The future development of generative AI

Generative AI has great potential, and several potential directions in the future:

1. Stronger generating ability: Generative AI will be able to generate more complex and high-quality content, such as more realistic virtual worlds and more delicate works of art..

2. Cross-domain application: Generative AI will be applied to more fields, such as education, medical care, entertainment, etc., providing personalized and innovative solutions.

3. Cooperation with human beings: Generative AI will become an important assistant for human creative work, helping human beings to achieve more creative ideas and innovative breakthroughs.

Let’s understand the difference between generative AI and traditional AI through several cases:

Case 1: Writing Assistant

Traditional AI intelligent writing assistants, such as early text correction tools, mainly rely on preset grammar rules and dictionaries for their work. If you write a wrong word or use the wrong grammar, they will prompt you to make corrections. However, the ability of this tool is limited, and it can’t understand complex contexts and generate creative content.

Intelligent writing assistants of generative AI, such as GPT-4, can generate high-quality text content according to the context. For example, you can ask GPT-4 to help you write an article about environmental protection. It can not only understand your requirements, but also generate smooth and logical paragraphs, and even provide some innovative ideas and insights.

Case 2: Intelligent Customer Service

The intelligent customer service of traditional AI mainly answers users’ questions through preset question-and-answer pairs. If the user’s question is within the preset range, the intelligent customer service can answer it quickly and accurately. However, if the problem is beyond the preset range, the intelligent customer service will be powerless.

Intelligent customer service of generative AI, such as customer service system based on GPT-3, can understand and answer more complicated questions. Even if the user’s question is not within the preset range, the generative AI can generate appropriate answers according to a large amount of information learned. This makes the user experience more natural and smooth.

Case 3: Medical Diagnosis

The application of traditional AI in medical diagnosis is mainly through a large number of medical images and medical records to help doctors identify and diagnose diseases. For example, traditional AI can help doctors identify early lung cancer by learning a lot of X-rays.

The application of generative AI in medical care is more extensive and flexible. In addition to identifying and diagnosing diseases, it can also generate personalized treatment plans and even simulate the mechanism of action of drugs, helping doctors to make complex medical research and decisions.

In order to distinguish between generative AI and traditional AI. From the technical point of view, application point of view, development process, capability scope and future development potential, I hope to help you better understand the difference between the two AI technologies ~