On December 8, 2017, Fu Cong, head of the China delegation, said at the meeting of States parties to the United Nations Biological Weapons Convention that in October of that year, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences held the International Training Course on Biosafety Laboratory Management and Experimental Technology.

　　Don’t underestimate this conference, which is the most important achievement of China virus research in the world. The trainees of this training course organized by Wuhan Virus came from Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Kenya, Serbia, Hungary and other countries. At that time, the lecture team of the training course came from the P4 laboratory construction and research team of Wuhan Institute of Virology. This laboratory has the highest level of protection in China and even in Asia, except for China, the other one is in Japan. At the end of December last year, at the beginning of the discovery of Covid-19, the relevant samples were directly sent to Wuhan P4 laboratory for testing. Later, relevant departments and institutions took the test results and published a paper entitled "Initial Transmission Dynamics of novel coronavirus-infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China" in the New England Journal on January 29th. One of the conclusions was that "interpersonal transmission occurred among close contacts in December 2019". Recently, this paper has been questioned. The Ministry of Science and Technology recently issued a notice asking all relevant research project undertakers and their researchers to devote all their research energy to various research tasks, write the paper on the front line of fighting the epidemic, and apply the research results to fighting the epidemic. Before the task of epidemic prevention and control is completed, we should not focus on publishing the paper. In addition to the early discovery of human-to-human transmission in Covid-19, on January 28, the institute just developed an antibody detection test paper for research; At the same time, the Institute and the Institute of Toxicology and Drug Research of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences jointly discovered novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) at the cellular level.Drugs with good inhibitory effects, such as remidivivir or rendixivir (GS-5734), chloroquine (Sigma-C6628), Ritonavir, etc. In addition, on January 21st, the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province launched the "2019 New Type Pneumonia Emergency Science and Technology Research Project", and established a new type pneumonia emergency science and technology research expert group, whose leader is Shi Zhengli, a researcher at Wuhan Institute of Virology.

　　In addition, the whole genome sequence of novel coronavirus was determined by Wuhan Institute of Virology on January 2nd, and the virus strain was successfully isolated on January 5th. On January 9th, the virus strain resource has been put into the national virus resource database according to the standard, and has been preserved in a standardized way.

　　Wuhan Institute of Virology was also the first institution to conclude that the virus strain originated from bats. On January 23rd, Shi Zhengli’s team published "The Discovery of a novel coronavirus and Its Possible Origin of Bats" on the pre-printed platform of bioRxiv, and proposed that a new type of pneumonia virus might originate from bats. It was confirmed for the first time that novel coronavirus used the same cells as SARS coronavirus to enter the receptor, and it was found that the sequence consistency between novel coronavirus and a bat coronavirus was as high as 96%. Born in 1956, the current director is a post-80s Wuhan Virus Institute, which has a long history and a high level, and is a department-level unit. In June 1956, shortly after the founding of New China, the famous virologist Academician Gao Shangyin, the famous microbiologist Academician Chen Huagui and Professor Jane Haoran and other scientists of the older generation established Wuhan Institute of Virology, which was one of the national institutes established earlier in China. Wuhan Institute of Virology is one of the first enrollment units with the right to confer degrees since the country resumed graduate enrollment. Up to now, the discipline has trained 429 master students and 174 doctoral students. At present, the discipline has 27 discipline groups with different professional directions, 30 doctoral tutors, 10 master tutors, including 3 Jie Qing and 10 people in the Hundred Talents Program. There are 240 graduate students, including 110 doctoral students. The China Virus Resource and Information Center under the Wuhan Virus Institute has the largest virus repository in Asia, and established the only China Virus Collection in China. The research direction of Wuhan virus is all important human viruses.Such as HIV, HCV, influenza virus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), tumor virus KSHV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), etc.) and new viruses of animal origin (such as SARS-CoV, avian influenza virus, arbovirus, etc.). Chen Xinwen, former director of Wuhan Institute of Virology, received his doctorate in virology from Wageningen University in the Netherlands in 2001. He has been engaged in cooperative research in American University of California, Berkley and German University of Duisburg-Essen. Chen Xinwen is also a winner of the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Outstanding Youth Fund. He has won the second prize of national technological invention and the second prize of Hubei Natural Science. He is currently the president of Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chen Xinwen was succeeded by Wang Yanyi, who became the director of Wuhan Virus Institute in October 2018. Wang Yanyi is a female "post-80 s" scientific research cadre, and previously served as the deputy director of Wuhan Virus Research Institute.

　　According to public information, Wang Yanyi was born in 1981. She graduated from Peking University College of Life Sciences in 2004, and then went to the University of Colorado to get a master’s degree. When she came to Wuhan University, she served as a lecturer and associate professor in the School of Life Sciences of Wuhan University for six years, during which she received her doctorate.

　　In March 2012, Wang Yanyi was transferred to Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He served as the head of molecular immunology discipline and deputy director of the Center for Viral Pathology. In December 2014, he served as assistant to the director, and one year later he was promoted to deputy director of Wuhan Institute of Virology. Wang Yanyi’s main research direction is the interaction mechanism between virus and host. He has presided over or undertaken many projects such as National Natural Science Foundation and 973 Project. Published nearly 30 SCI papers in internationally renowned journals. In 2013, Wang Yanyi was selected as the first batch of top-notch young talents in the national "Ten Thousand Talents Program". Shi Zhengli, a "batwoman", was able to quickly find the virus or its source from bats after searching for the virus host for 13 years in COVID-19, which has a lot to do with one person and her team. This person is Shi Zhengli.

　　Shi Zhengli’s team is working in the field.

　　Shi Zhengli, known as "batwoman", has been engaged in the etiology research of new viruses for a long time, especially in the research on the traceability of SARS virus, and her leading team confirmed that bats are the natural hosts of SARS coronavirus. Since the outbreak of SARS virus 18 years ago, a large number of coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome have been found in bats, their natural hosts. At the beginning of this outbreak in Wuhan, Shi Zhengli’s team obtained full-length genome sequences from five patients, which are almost identical to each other and have a similarity of 79.5% with the genome sequence of SARS-CoV. Later, researchers further found that novel coronavirus (nCoV-2019) had 96% homology with Bat Coronavirus at the whole genome level. By analyzing the paired protein sequences of seven conserved nonstructural proteins, it was shown that novel coronavirus belonged to SARSr-CoV species. The team led by Shi Zhengli not only confirmed that bats are the natural hosts of SARS coronavirus, but also found serological evidence that bats in China are infected with Nipah virus and Ebola virus, and found and identified a large number of genetically diverse new viruses such as adenovirus and circovirus in bats, further confirming that bats are the natural hosts of many viruses. Before and after the Spring Festival in 2003, SARS spread from Guangdong Province to other provinces in China at an alarming rate, and there were many "super communicators" who spread SARS to dozens or even dozens of people. In March 2003,The University of Hong Kong and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have successively isolated a virus from SARS patients. Under the electron microscope, this virus looks like a crown of medieval European emperors. According to the morphological characteristics and genetic information, scientists believe that this new coronavirus is the pathogen of SARS, and it is a coronavirus that has never been found in humans. Later, researchers in China began to look for the source of the virus. They found that the earliest 11 cases had a history of contact with wild animals in Otawa. Following this clue, scientists first aimed at the Guangdong wildlife market, and soon separated and detected the virus exactly the same as SARS virus in the civets in the market. After this discovery was announced, Guangdong Province issued a ban in early 2004: completely killing civet cats in the wild animal market, banning wildlife trade and closing the wild animal market. However, Shi Zhengli and her team are not satisfied. For this new virus, we must find the source, that is, the "natural host"-an animal that carries a virus for a long time, but it does not get sick itself and can live in peace with the virus. Because the Hendra virus that broke out in Australia in the 1990s and the Nipah virus that broke out in Malaysia were later confirmed to be fruit bats, Shi Zhengli and her team focused their attention on bats. In 2004, the team collected fruit bats from Guangdong and Guangxi for the first time, and tested the genetic material in the laboratory. As a result, nothing was found after 8 months. Later,Antibodies to SARS virus were found in three species of bats in Guangxi and Hubei, and they followed suit, and coronavirus was detected in these three species of bats. In 2005, Shi Zhengli and her team published their research results in the journal Science. However, after careful comparison, it is found that there are still some differences between bat SARS-like coronavirus and SARS virus found in 2005, especially the most critical gene that determines the infectivity and pathogenicity of the virus is not the same. Later, they continued to search all over the country, whether in the south or the north, in the middle or in the west, whenever they heard that there were bats, they would go all over 28 provinces and cities in China, just like looking for a needle in a haystack. In 2011, Shi Zhengli and her team isolated and detected a highly homologous SARS-like coronavirus in a cave in Yunnan. Apart from the close evolutionary relationship, they are also very similar in function.

　　They monitored the cave for five years, sampling twice a year, and found more than ten different types of SARS-like coronavirus. Although no virus exactly the same as SARS virus was found, a natural gene pool of SARS virus was found.

　　After 13 years of tracking, they finally determined the bat origin of SARS virus. In January 2019, the project "Research on Bats Carrying Important Viruses in China" led by Shi Zhengli won the second prize of the National Natural Science Award in 2018. On January 29th, American Academy of Microbiology announced the list of Fellows of American Academy of Microbiology in 2019, and Shi Zhengli was elected. The American Academy of Microbiology is one of the subsidiaries of the American Society for Microbiology, the world’s largest and oldest member organization in the field of life sciences, and it is in the leading position in the international microbiology discipline. Among the scientists elected as Fellows, there are many Nobel Prize, Lasker Prize and national medal of science award Prize winners. Mysterious P4 Laboratory At the beginning of 2003, the spread of SARS in China virtually gave birth to the construction of the first P4 laboratory in China, and this important task fell on the shoulders of Wuhan virus, which is in an important transition period. In February 2003, Hu Zhihong, then director of Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, suddenly received a phone call from Chen Zhu, then vice president of Chinese Academy of Sciences, asking if he could undertake the task of building P4 laboratory in Wuhan. Hu Zhihong immediately said that he would go all out. Hu Zhihong immediately called the party and government leading bodies of the Institute to discuss, and decided that Yuan Zhiming, then deputy director, was responsible for the preparation of P4 laboratory. At the same time, he ordered Yuan Zhiming, a visiting scholar at the University of Illinois in the United States, to end his trip and immediately return to China to prepare for P4 laboratory construction. On March 25th, 2003, Wuhan Institute of Virology submitted to the Biological Bureau of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Report on "Request for Instructions on Establishing P3 and P4 Laboratories". P4 laboratory is based on the degree of harm and protection required to deal with pathogenic microorganisms in the world. In the world, biosafety laboratories are usually divided into four levels, with the first level of protection being the lowest and the fourth level of protection being the highest. In the highest-level biosafety laboratory, in addition to other general protective measures, positive pressure protective clothing, airtight doors, chemical showers, sewage treatment systems, air filtration systems, etc. are specially set up to avoid the threat of operated harmful biological factors through protective barriers and management measures. Due to the complexity of construction and maintenance and high technical requirements, China has no experience in building P4 laboratory and maintenance, and needs to seek international cooperation to carry out laboratory construction. From April 5 to 11, 2003, Yuan Zhiming went to France with Chen Zhu to seek cooperation in P4 laboratory construction and research on emerging diseases. After consultation with Ms. Haignere, French Minister of Research and New Technology, she reached a preliminary cooperation intention. Chen Zhu and Yuan Zhiming saw P4 laboratory for the first time in Lyon, and its glass shell was colorful at night. After visiting it, they found that the internal structure and technology were particularly complicated. The P4 laboratory in Lyon was designed and built by French company Meria and RTV. During the visit, Wang Shaoqi, then Minister Counselor of the Chinese Embassy in France, discussed the Sino-French cooperation with Chen Zhu and Yuan Zhiming. That night, Wang Shaoqi asked Yuan Zhiming to stay in the confidential room of the embassy, wrote an internal report of nearly ten thousand words and sent it back to China.The contents are as follows: The research of infectious diseases in France has been highly valued by the government, and the first level-4 biosafety laboratory in Europe has been established in Lyon, and the Pasteur Institute is also the earliest unit in the world to carry out SARS research. To carry out the research on emerging diseases, P3 and P4 laboratories with high biosafety level should be established first, so as to prevent infectious pathogens from being released into the environment, and at the same time provide researchers with high biosafety guarantee. Some P3 laboratories have been established in China to carry out some research on SARS pathogens, but the research on some more virulent infectious pathogens and possible new disease pathogens must be carried out in P4 laboratory with the highest security level. Therefore, the establishment of P4 laboratory will become an important technical platform and guarantee for China to carry out research in related fields. On January 28th, 2004, when president Hu Jintao visited France, he witnessed the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on Sino-French Cooperation on Preventing and Combating Emerging Infectious Diseases between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the French Republic: the establishment of a Sino-French emerging infectious disease group composed of representatives and experts from the competent French government departments; Support the development of Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, acquire the necessary equipment and technology for establishing a high-level biosafety laboratory, and provide relevant support and training. On November 26th, 2007, when French President Nicolas Sarkozy visited China, China and France signed a supplementary statement on the cooperation agreement on the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases, emphasizing "to ensure that all necessary measures are taken as soon as possible to implement all planned projects including Wuhan P4 laboratory".. In 2008, France delivered a laboratory drawing, and in 2009, Zhongyuan Design Institute of China provided the drawings designed by China. In the design process, we refer to the main concepts of Lyon laboratory design to ensure the highest degree of safety. On January 9, 2012, the key equipment of the core laboratory-airtight door and life support system arrived in Jiangxia Zhengdian Park and passed the acceptance test. On January 31st, 2015, Wuhan P4 Laboratory held a completion unveiling ceremony, which marked the completion of hardware construction and installation of major facilities and equipment.

　　The core area of Wuhan P4 laboratory is about 300 square meters, and it adopts the structure of "box in box". The interior of the laboratory is a negative pressure space, that is, the pressure inside is less than that outside, and air can only enter but not exit. The inside of this "big box" is divided into different areas by heavy metal doors, including cell laboratory, animal laboratory and animal autopsy room.

　　Academician Gao Fu, director of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said: The official operation of Wuhan P4 Laboratory marks that China’s research on pathogenic microorganisms and immunology has entered the international advanced ranks, showing that China’s national security is another "frigate", which is comparable to the strategic deployment of China’s "two bombs and one satellite" in China. previous chapter

　　The Truth Behind the "Squeezing Water" of Provincial Economic Data

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: See Finance. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Jinan, August 7th, New Media Specialist (Reporter Wang Yang, Zhang Yujie) Recently, dog abuse and killing incidents have been exposed in Weihai, Dongguan, Lianyungang and other places one after another. The related videos and pictures are cruel and savage, and both online and offline have aroused public dissatisfaction and heated discussion. Some netizens think that it is inappropriate to kill animals and be sentenced to damage property or undermine public security. Some netizens said that it is worrying that some people have no scruples about treating small animals.

　　Frequent incidents of dog cruelty have aroused public anger, and what kind of punishment should be faced with such animal cruelty has aroused social discussion. The reporter interviewed relevant experts, lawyers and animal protection agencies on issues of concern to netizens.

　　According to media reports, a citizen of Weihai, Shandong Province recently towed a pet dog with an off-road vehicle on the highway, causing some people to contain it. Related videos were circulated on the Internet.

　　Coincidentally. According to netizens, a man living in Dongguan adopted more than 50 stray dogs and killed them for fun. According to a recent posting by a netizen in Lianyungang, a local woman was bitten by a big dog in a residential area when she came home with her boyfriend. Later, the woman’s boyfriend met the biting big dog again in the residential area and injured the dog. After that, the dog owner reported to the police that the dog had been killed.

　　Lawyer Yang Shaogang, director of Shanghai Shaogang Law Firm, said that many recent incidents of dog abuse have aroused the indignation of the masses, but such cases are not individual cases, and some animal cruelty is more serious and cruel. For example: burning cats with fire, stepping on cats with high heels, beating dogs with sticks, and entertaining some mentally distorted people with various strange methods of cruelty to animals, but no cases of punishment have been seen. Because the law does not stipulate the punishment for cruelty to animals.

　　Lawyer Yang Shaogang said that the incident in Shandong is slightly different from the general dog abuse. Because the owner of the car paraded through the street in front of the public, the people saw the animals being abused alive and died tragically, which caused compassion, so the onlookers and human flesh search were completely understandable. I think the public security organs can completely detain them for more than five days and less than ten days in accordance with Article 23 of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment, and impose a fine of less than 500 yuan.

　　The staff of China Small Animal Protection Association told the reporter that at present, China only has the Wildlife Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), but there is no relevant legislation for the protection of pets and domestic animals, which is not conducive to the protection of non-wild animals.

　　The staff said that the recent incidents of cruelty to animals have had a very bad impact, which touched the bottom line of the people. However, without the protection of relevant laws, these abusers would only suffer moral condemnation at most, which is not enough to deter these abusers. They may also abuse animals again, hoping to introduce a comprehensive animal protection law as soon as possible.

　　According to legal experts, there is no law against "cruelty to animals" in China except People’s Republic of China (PRC) Wildlife Protection Law, Regulations on the Management of Laboratory Animals, Regulations on the Management of Medical Laboratory Animals, Regulations on the Protection of Aquatic Wildlife and Regulations on the Protection of Terrestrial Animals. Article 29 of the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Laboratory Animals states: "The staff engaged in laboratory animals must take good care of them and shall not tease or abuse them." Article 31 stipulates: "According to the seriousness of the case, warning, improvement within a time limit or administrative sanctions shall be given respectively." This is for experimental animals, and there are no prohibitive regulations for general animals.

　　Lawyers such as Yang Shaogang told reporters that since 2005, there have been many incidents of animal cruelty in China, and some people have called for legislation to protect animals. However, there are two different opinions, and the opposition to legislation has prevailed. Therefore, there has been no legislation on animal protection in China for a long time, but the legislation on wild animals has not only been enacted by the National People’s Congress, but also by many places. Its legislative purpose is not to consider animals as human friends, but as human resources, in order to prevent the loss or plunder of resources.

　　According to incomplete statistics, more than 100 countries and regions have enacted the Law on the Prohibition of Cruelty to Animals, and the maximum penalty for cruelty to animals is imprisonment for less than five years. Britain, the United States, Japan, Italy, Germany, Canada and other countries have formulated the Animal Protection Law, the Animal Welfare Law and the Standards for Medical Laboratory Animals, which have made strict regulations on the protection of animals. Even if pets are lost, their owners will be punished, which shows that they attach importance to animal protection.

　　Experts believe that the publication and publicity of animal cruelty, calling for everyone’s attention and condemnation, is itself the progress of animal protection awareness.

　　Cao Han ‘ai, an expert in animal law at Griffith University in Australia, told the reporter, "Five or six years ago, I assisted legal scholars in drafting the Animal Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (expert’s suggestion draft). At that time, the law against animal cruelty was too advanced in China and was not suitable for the national conditions at that time. But in recent years alone, China has made great progress, which is the progress of China society. "

　　She introduced that at present, more and more animal activists and ordinary people in China, especially young people, have contributed their money to help all kinds of animals voluntarily, to condemn and stop abuses, to report illegal trafficking and hunting of wildlife under state protection, and so on. "All these show that people’s awareness of animal protection far exceeds the current legal provisions."

　　On March 25th, Hurun Research Institute released the 2024 Hurun Global Rich List, in which 3,279 billion-dollar entrepreneurs from 73 countries and 2,435 companies made the list, up from 3,112 last year. The number of entrepreneurs with a billion dollars increased by 5%, and the total wealth increased by 9%.

　　The wealth of 1933 people increased compared with last year, including 480 new faces. 1346 people lost their wealth, of which 278 fell out of the list. Another 278 wealth remains unchanged. 67% started from scratch, down 3% from last year. 33% is inherited wealth. 61% face the C end and 39% face the B end. 62% provide physical products and 38% provide software and services. The average age is 66 years old.

　　Elon MuskBecoming the richest man in the world, this is the third time he has become the richest man in the world in four years, with a wealth of 1.67 trillion yuan, an increase of 530 billion yuan over last year, mainly due toThe soaring stock price.ofJeff BezosIt rose two places to the second place, and its wealth increased by 480 billion yuan, or 57%, reaching 1.33 trillion yuan. Ranked first last yearBernard ArnaultFalling to the third place, wealth decreased by 190 billion yuan to 1.26 trillion yuan.

　　The following is the full text:

　　AI broke out, and more than half of the new wealth came from AI | 《2024 Daye Dajiu Hurun Global Rich List "was released!

　　There are 167 billion-dollar entrepreneurs in the world, and the total number of "known" billion-dollar entrepreneurs reaches 3279.

　　AI broke out, and more than half of the new wealth came from AI.

　　The United States increased the most, by 109 places, reaching 800 places.

　　China dropped 155 places to 814, still ranking first in the world.

　　India ranked third with 271st place, an increase of 84 places, making it the country with the largest number of new entrepreneurs with a billion dollars outside the United States.

　　Britain surpassed Germany, ranking fourth with 146 places, an increase of 12 places. Germany decreased by 4 places to 140 places.

　　Elon musk has become the richest man in the world, which is the third time in four years. His wealth is 1.67 trillion yuan, an increase of 530 billion yuan over last year, mainly due to the soaring stock price.

　　Jeff Bezos rose two places to the second place, and its wealth increased by 480 billion yuan, or 57%, reaching 1.33 trillion yuan. Bernard arnault, which ranked first last year, fell to third place, and its wealth decreased by 190 billion yuan to 1.26 trillion yuan.

　　Mark zuckerberg’s wealth grew the most this year, with an increase of 650 billion yuan, up 12 places, ranking fourth with 1.14 trillion yuan.

　　Benefit fromWith the growth of cloud business, Larry Ellision rose three places to fifth place, and its wealth increased by 320 billion yuan to 1.04 trillion yuan.

　　along withThe market value exceeded 2 trillion US dollars, and Huang Renxun’s wealth doubled to 350 billion yuan.

　　Total wealth increased by 9%, reaching 108 trillion yuan.

　　Among the 480 new faces, the United States ranked first with 132, followed by 94 and 55 in China.

　　Mumbai has jumped to the third largest "billion-dollar entrepreneur capital" in the world, with 92 people living there. For the first time in seven years, new york regained its position as the world’s largest "billion-dollar entrepreneur capital", with 119, followed by London with 97. Beijing fell from the first place last year to the fourth place.

　　The 34-year-old American singer Mumei made the list for the first time with a wealth of 8.5 billion yuan.

　　A serial entrepreneur living in Miami,Ryan Breslow, a 29-year-old technology company Bolt, made the list for the first time, becoming the youngest self-made billionaire entrepreneur with a wealth of 9.5 billion yuan.

　　China has 55 new faces this year, who are engaged in investment from Taiwan Province.The 71-year-old Chen Xianzhe ranks first among the newly listed entrepreneurs in China with a wealth of 44 billion yuan, followed by Zhou Shengfu, a 47-year-old freight forwarder from Hongkong, with a wealth of 24 billion yuan. Other newly listed entrepreneurs include those from Langfang.corporate champion64-year-old Zhou Chaonan from ShenzhenThe company Jialichuang Yuan Jiangtao, 45, has a wealth of 18 billion yuan.

　　Hurun Research Institute, which provides quality lists and research, released the 13th Hurun Global Rich List.

　　Main findings

　　1. There are 3,279 billion-dollar entrepreneurs in the world., an increase of 167 places over last year, an increase of 5%.

　　2. Total wealth growth:Total wealth increased by 9%, reaching 108 trillion yuan.

　　3. Sources of wealth:Financial services (10.1%) and consumer goods (8%) are the top two sources of wealth.And real estate (7.3%) tied for third place.

　　4. Good performance:Entrepreneurs in the media and entertainment industry increased by 1.6 trillion yuan, followed by software and services increased by 1.1 trillion yuan, financial services increased by 850 billion yuan and retail sales increased by 750 billion yuan.

　　5. Poor performance:Entrepreneurs in the medical and health industry decreased by 540 billion yuan, followed by industrial products decreased by 330 billion yuan, decreased by 290 billion yuan, and real estate decreased by 230 billion yuan.

　　6. The fastest growth:The wealth of 59 people increased by more than $5 billion, compared with 31 last year.

　　7. 93 were aged 40 and below.Among them, 61 started from scratch, an increase of 5, and 32 inherited. There are 8 people under the age of 30, with the global glasses giant EssilorLuxottica from Italy.Clemente del VecchioHead, wealth of 33 billion yuan, only 19 years old. The youngest self-made billionaire entrepreneur is the technology company Bolt, 29 years old.Ryan Breslow, with a wealth of 9.5 billion yuan.

　　8. 218 self-made women, a decrease of 29 places. China continues to dominate by three quarters. American "Roof Queen" ABC Supply 77 years oldDiane HendricksWith a wealth of 160 billion yuan, she became the richest woman in the world from scratch for the second consecutive year, while L’ Oreal is 70 years old.Francoise Betancourt MeyerBecome the richest woman in the world with a wealth of 660 billion yuan.

　　9. 15.4% are immigrants,It is up from 13.7% last year. The United States ranked first with 144, followed by Britain with 67 and Switzerland with 60. South African-born elon musk (1.67 trillion RMB) and Russian-born Google sergey brin (820 billion RMB) are the richest immigrants.

　　10. The oldest family:118 people on the list are the fourth or more generations of the family, an increase of 7 places over last year.

　　(March 25, 2024, Shanghai and Mumbai) Hurun Research Institute released the "2024 Big Liquor Hurun Global Rich List" today. The deadline for wealth calculation is January 15, 2024. This is the 13th consecutive year that Hurun Research Institute released the "Global Rich List".

　　Stock market and currency:In the past year ending January 15th, 2024, except for China and Britain, the stock market performed well on the whole. In America,The index rose by 35%,The 500 index rose by 27%. India’s SENSEX index rose by 23%, while in Europe, Russia’s MOEX index rose by 44%, Germany’s DAX index rose by 13%, and Euronext’s 100 index rose by 8%. China’s stock market performed poorly, with the Hang Seng Index down 20%, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Index down 19% and the Shanghai Stock Exchange Index down 7%. Britain’s FTSE 100 index fell 3%.

　　The dollar rose 11% and 9% against the Japanese yen and RMB respectively, but fell 3% and 2% against the British pound and the euro respectively. Indian Rupee has not changed.

　　List list

　　A total of 3,279 billion-dollar entrepreneurs from 2,435 companies in 73 countries were listed in the 2024 Hurun Global Rich List, up from 3,112 last year. The number of entrepreneurs with a billion dollars increased by 5%, and the total wealth increased by 9%.

　　The wealth of 1933 people increased compared with last year, including 480 new faces. 1346 people lost their wealth, of which 278 fell out of the list. Another 278 wealth remains unchanged. 67% started from scratch, down 3% from last year. 33% is inherited wealth. 61% face the C end and 39% face the B end. 62% provide physical products and 38% provide software and services. The average age is 66 years old.

　　Hu Run, chairman and chief research officer of Hurun Report, said: "The number of global entrepreneurs with a billion dollars has increased by 5%, almost making up for all the losses caused by the global economy coming out of the epidemic last year and the general expectation of interest rate cuts in the United States. Our global rich list tells the story of the global economy through the stories of the world’s most successful entrepreneurs. "

　　"AI has deeply influenced our global rich list for the first time this year, and more than half of the new wealth comes from AI. Meta,, Google’s parent company Alphabet,,wait forThe wealth of related entrepreneurs has increased substantially. For the first time, Huang Renxun’s wealth increased significantly, entering the top 30 in the world. Others engaged in the industry, such as Chen Tianshi of Cambrian and Cai Mingjie of Lianfa Technology, are from AI Company in Beijing.Dai Wenyuan and other wealth also grew rapidly. Strangely, although OpenAI has a valuation of nearly $100 billion, its founder, Sam Altman, is said to have no shares, so he didn’t make the list. "

　　"The United States is at the forefront in adding billions of entrepreneurs. new york has regained the title of’ the world’s billion-dollar entrepreneur capital’ for the first time in seven years, and the stock market has also reached a record high."

　　"India has performed well in the past year, and it is the country with the largest number of new entrepreneurs with a billion dollars outside the United States, with an increase of nearly 100. Mumbai replaced Beijing this year and became Asia’s’ billion-dollar entrepreneur capital’ for the first time, ranking the top three in the world. "

　　"China’s wealth creation structure continues to undergo tremendous changes. In the last year, there were more than 200 billion-dollar entrepreneurs in China, but there were more than 50 new faces, a total decrease of 150. Since reaching its peak in 2022, nearly 450 billion-dollar entrepreneurs in China have fallen off the list in the past two years, and there are more than 120 new faces. "

　　"In the past two years, China entrepreneurs with relatively fast wealth growth, includingHave done relatively successfully.Huang Wei,Cai Haoyu of Mihayou Company, Chen Tianshi of Cambrian Company and Consumer Goods Company.Zhang Liguo, etc., the decline is more Wanda Wang Jianlin in the real estate industry.Yang Huiyan,IndustrialZeng yuqun,Li Zhenguo, etc. "

　　"One of the most prominent entrepreneurs in China in recent years is Huang Zheng, who is in his forties. He has become the entrepreneur with the largest wealth growth in China for two consecutive years, and it is hard to imagine that he has entered the top 30 global entrepreneurs in less than 10 years, and the market value of Pinduoduo also exceeded for the first time last year.At present, it should be one of the most successful brands in China. It has grasped the mode of comprehensive supply chain+digital Internet retail+international express delivery. "

　　"This is a year of sharp economic contrast in Russia. Although the ruble fell by 21% against the US dollar, the MOEX index of Russia soared by 44%, mainly due to the strong performance of the metal minerals and energy industries. On the contrary, the financial services industry performed poorly. Russia has added six billion-dollar entrepreneurs this year. "

　　"Despite the Gaza war, Israel has added nine billion-dollar entrepreneurs, and 29 have entered the top 20 countries with billion-dollar entrepreneurs."

　　"Since the FTX crash, cryptocurrency seems to have moved forward. Although he was fined more than $4 billion by the U.S. Department of Justice for money laundering, Zhao Changpeng’s wealth grew to 130 billion RMB with the surge in people’s interest in cryptocurrencies. The wealth of Brian Armstrong, founder of Coinbase, and Chris Larsen, founder of Ripple, also increased by 50%, reaching 46 billion yuan and 24.5 billion yuan respectively. "

　　"Some entrepreneurs, such as Jeff Bezos and Larry Page, have rebounded sharply, just like the changes in our list in the past two years. Bezos increased by 480 billion yuan after shrinking by 470 billion yuan last year, and Page increased by 350 billion yuan after shrinking by 270 billion yuan last year. In China,Li Xiang has increased by 17 billion this year after shrinking by 12 billion last year. "

　　"Some entrepreneurs are’ elevator kings’, and their wealth seems to rise rapidly and decline rapidly. For example, Zeng Yuqun rose by more than 200 billion in the previous two years and fell by more than 200 billion in the past two years; Zhang Hejun, a leading photovoltaic industry, rose by 19 billion last year and shrank by 22 billion this year.Liu Chengyu and Liu Ling rose by 13 billion yuan last year, but this year they have shrunk by 12 billion yuan. "

　　"The financial services industry has achieved remarkable success, with the total wealth of 330 billion-dollar entrepreneurs.To 11 trillion yuan. The United States leads.Su Shimin’s wealth increased by 80 billion yuan, reaching 260 billion yuan. "

　　"Global wealth is becoming more and more concentrated. The threshold for entering the top ten of our global rich list has increased from RMB 215 billion ten years ago to RMB 830 billion. But what may be more telling is that the wealth increased by the top ten this year accounts for 60% of the wealth increased by the whole list. Now there are 13 people whose wealth exceeds $100 billion, and the first $100 billion entrepreneur appeared in 2018. At this rate, it is expected that the first batch of trillion-dollar entrepreneurs will appear in the world by 2030. "

　　"The 34-year-old Mumei joined the billion-dollar enterprise club with a wealth of 8.5 billion yuan. Her wealth does not come from the general star sideline, but from her music. More than half of her wealth comes from royalties and tour income, including $190 million from the first stop of Time Tour and $35 million from the box office. The rest comes from the value of her music albums, especially after her first six albums were sold to Clover Capital for $300 million in 2020. "

　　"The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic has made the medical and health industry full of challenges this year, and the wealth of more than 100 billion-dollar entrepreneurs has shrunk."

　　"The proportion of immigrants on the list has increased by half from 10% five years ago to 15%. Among them, the United States has the most, followed by Britain and Switzerland. South African-born elon musk and Russian-born sergey brin are the richest immigrants. "

　　"The topic of emigration has attracted a lot of attention recently, but from our list, there are far fewer entrepreneurs on the list who really go out than many people think. On our list of the world’s richest people, there are about 60 China entrepreneurs living overseas, but most of them went to Southeast Asia before the reform and opening up, mainly the Philippines, Indonesia and Singapore, and some from Taiwan Province went to the United States, such as Huang Renxun and Jerry Yang of Yahoo. Recently, a new batch of entrepreneurs have moved overseas, including those living in Singapore.Zhang Yong, Mindray Li Xiting, ByteDance Zhang Yiming, BBK Duan Yongping and Shanda Chen Tianqiao in the United States, Qian ‘an Zhao Changpeng in the United Arab Emirates, etc. "

　　"There have been almost no large donations in the past year. Gates, Buffett and Bloomberg of Bloomberg each donated 20 billion yuan, but what impressed me is that the value of some charitable trusts established in the early years has risen particularly fast recently, such as two famous ones.The charitable trust behind the parent company, one is Danish.One is American.Now, the value of their charitable trusts has risen to 900 billion and 500 billion yuan, the highest in the world. "

　　The representative of the family business wine said: "The so-called wealth is’ the family business is big’! In 2024, Jiaye Dajiu continued to join hands with Hurun Report to publish the "2024 Jiaye Dajiu Hurun Global Rich List" to witness the weather vane of the world’s top wealth. Jiadeye Liquor originates from the core producing area of Maotai Town, and is known as’ eight donkey kong sauces’. With its profound historical background, scarce soy sauce resources and brand connotation, Jiaye Dajie has made remarkable achievements both inside and outside the industry-it won the top ten new soy sauce brands, Panama Expo, IWSC, CMB and SFWSC Grand Slam, which was highly recognized both inside and outside the industry. At the same time, the offline and online sales of Jiaye’s big wine have hit record highs, and it has been praised by consumers as’ the most valuable wealth wine’, achieving a’ win-win’ between sales and word of mouth! The exclusive title "Hurun Global Rich List" is an important meeting between the big family and the big family, witnessing the weather vane of the world’s top wealth together. Taste the family’s great cause and achieve everyone’s great cause! "

　　Top ten

　　Two new faces enter the top ten: Meta’sMark Zuckerberg(1.14 trillion yuan) and Alphabet’sLarry Page(890 billion yuan), while Hermes’sBertrand Piech(deceased) and L ‘Oré al’sFrancoise Betancourt Meyer(660 billion yuan) withdrew from the top ten.

　　The top ten increased by 3 trillion yuan, accounting for 56% of the total new wealth, and the total wealth of the top ten reached 11 trillion yuan, accounting for 10% of the whole list. Eight are from America, one is from France and one is from India.Bernard ArnaultHe is the only entrepreneur in the top ten whose wealth has shrunk.

　　The threshold for entering the top ten is from 215 billion yuan ten years ago to 360 billion yuan five years ago and then to 830 billion yuan this year.

　　52 years oldElon MuskRegarded the throne of the richest man with a wealth of 1.67 trillion yuan, which benefited fromRecord delivery sent its share price soaring. At the same time, Musk’s space exploration technology company SpaceX has reached a new height with the support of successful launch, satellite Internet projects and lucrative government contracts.

　　60 years oldJeff BezosWith a wealth of 1.33 trillion yuan, he rose to the second place, and his wealth soared by 57% this year, mainly driven by Amazon’s market share. Bezos’ wealth rebounded sharply this year, increasing by 480 billion yuan after shrinking by 470 billion yuan last year.

　　74-year-old "king of luxury goods"Bernard ArnaultThis year, it shrank by 190 billion yuan, more than anyone else, and fell to the third place with a wealth of 1.26 trillion yuan, because of the poor performance of the luxury goods industry. LVMH also ceded the title of the most valuable enterprise in Europe to the manufacturer.

　　39 years oldMark ZuckerbergWith a wealth of 1.14 trillion yuan, it became the entrepreneur with the largest wealth growth on the list, increasing by 650 billion yuan, and Meta’s share price more than doubled.

　　79 years oldLarry EllisionWith a wealth ranking of 1.04 trillion yuan, it rose three places, an increase of 320 billion yuan, due to the expansion of cloud services and some strategic acquisitions.

　　93 years oldWarren BuffettWith a wealth of 1.04 trillion yuan, he remained fifth, showing no signs of decreasing. Despite his huge wealth, he still lived a simple life. He promised to donate more than 99% of his wealth, and has donated more than 56 billion dollars, mainly through the foundation established by the Gates Foundation and his children.

　　67 years oldSteve BallmerWealth increased by 41%, reaching 1.02 trillion yuan, ranking seventh. Most of his wealth is still in stocks.

　　68 years oldBill gatesWealth increased by 25%, reaching 1 trillion yuan, ranking eighth. Gates’ main income now is investment, and he has reduced his shareholding from 45% initially to 1% now.

　　50 years oldLarry PageWealth increased by 64%, ranking ninth with 890 billion yuan. Interestingly, Page is famous for his love of kite surfing.

　　66 years oldMukesh AmbaniRanked tenth with a wealth of 830 billion yuan. It is worth noting that his wealth has increased by 40%, which shows his keen business sense and makes him play an important role in India’s economic structure. Earlier this month, Ambani’ s youngest son’ sPrenuptial parties have become the focus of society.

　　place of residence

　　Although 155 billion-dollar entrepreneurs have been reduced, China is still the country with the largest number of billion-dollar entrepreneurs in the world, with 814. The United States followed, with 800 places, an increase of 109 places. China and the United States have 49% of the world’s known billion-dollar entrepreneurs, 4% less than last year.

　　India added 84 billion-dollar entrepreneurs. Mumbai is the fastest growing "Billion-Dollar Entrepreneur Capital" in the world, with an increase of 26 places, ranking third in the world. New Delhi ranks among the top ten for the first time. Brazil, Indonesia and Japan all performed well.

　　In terms of cities, new york, London and Mumbai have surpassed Beijing, and new york has once again become the "billion-dollar entrepreneur capital" in the world. Palm Beach, Istanbul, Mexico City and Melbourne rank among the top 30 in the world.

　　Comparison of the Number of Billion-Dollar Entrepreneurs between China and the United States;In 2016, the number of US$ 1 billion entrepreneurs in China surpassed that in the United States. By 2022, there will be more than 400 US$ 1 billion entrepreneurs in China. Now, China and the United States are almost neck and neck.

　　China:China has 814 billion-dollar entrepreneurs, ranking first in the world.

　　Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen are the "top three" cities that China’s billion-dollar entrepreneurs love to live in. The average age is 60 years old, which is 6 years younger than the average age of the whole list. China has the largest number of self-made entrepreneurs with a billion dollars and the largest number of self-made women entrepreneurs with a billion dollars.

　　The total wealth of China’s billion-dollar entrepreneurs is nearly 19 trillion yuan, down 15% from last year. The wealth of 241 people increased compared with last year, including 55 new faces. The number of new faces ranks third in the world. The wealth of 702 people decreased compared with last year, and 208 of them fell out of the list. The wealth of 80 people remains unchanged. There are 27 100 billion entrepreneurs, 9 fewer than last year.

　　China accounted for 75% of the total number of people who dropped out of the list this year, 11% of new faces and 25% of the total number of $1 billion entrepreneurs.

　　70 years oldZhong ShanshanWealth has shrunk by 9% compared with last year, making it the richest man in China for the fourth time in a row with 450 billion yuan. 21st in the world, down 6 places. Its listed companies in Hong KongIn the first half of last year, the performance was outstanding, with sales revenue and profit rising by 14% and 16% year-on-year. Another A-share listed companyIn the past year, the performance has declined, the share price has fallen by nearly 30% year-on-year, and the market value of the company has shrunk by 35 billion yuan compared with the same period last year. Ranked 211th in the 2023 Hurun World Top 500.

　　44 years oldHuang ZhengWealth increased by 71% compared with last year, that is, 160 billion yuan. It is the entrepreneur with the largest wealth growth in China this year, and it was promoted to the second place in China for the first time with 385 billion yuan, up three places. 24th in the world, up 15 places. Pinduoduo’s third quarterly report last year showed that its total revenue increased by over 90% year-on-year, far exceeding market expectations. In addition, overseas business Temu and Kuaituan business have a good momentum of development. Last November, the market value of Pinduoduo once exceeded. Pinduoduo ranks 63rd in the Hurun World Top 500 in 2023.

　　53 years oldPony MaWealth dropped by 10% compared with last year, ranking third in China with 250 billion yuan. 36th in the world, down 5 places. In the third quarter of last year, Tencent’s revenue was more than 150 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10%, and its net profit was more than 36 billion yuan, down 9%. Among them, the international market income was more than 13 billion, an increase of 14%; The local income is more than 32 billion, an increase of 5%; Social network revenue is nearly 30 billion, which remains stable. In the 2023 Hurun World Top 500, Tencent ranked 17th.

　　41 years oldYiming ZhangWealth dropped by 8%, ranking fourth in China with 245 billion yuan. 40th in the world, down 6 places. It is reported that ByteDance’s revenue last year was nearly 800 billion yuan, up 30% year-on-year. Recently, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill requiring ByteDance to divest TikTok, otherwise TikTok will be removed from the US market application store. This is another crisis that TikTok encountered in the United States. In the 2023 Hurun World Top 500, ByteDance ranked 43rd.

　　53 years oldDing LeiWealth increased by 7%, ranking fifth in China with 210 billion yuan. 43 rd in the world, up 3 places.Last year, the net income was more than 100 billion, an increase of 7% over the previous year. Among them, the game business grew steadily, with annual revenue exceeding 80 billion yuan. While the sales revenue increased, the investment in R&D reached a record high last year, reaching 16.5 billion yuan. Netease ranked 175th in the Hurun World Top 500 in 2023.

　　82 years oldHe XiangjianAnd family fortune increased by 4%, ranking sixth in China with 200 billion yuan. Ranked 46th in the world, consistent with last year. Midea’s total operating income in the first half of last year was nearly 200 billion yuan, of which the total revenue in the second quarter broke the 100 billion mark for the first time. In the first half of last year, Midea’s domestic market share of central air conditioners continued to be the first, and its export scale accounted for more than 27%, ranking first in the industry. In the 2023 Hurun World Top 500, Midea ranked 291st.

　　Li Ka-shing, Li Zeju.The wealth of father and son dropped by 10%, ranking sixth in China with 200 billion yuan. Ranked 46th in the world, down 7 places. In February this year, Changjiang Hutchison announced the termination of the establishment of a wholesale mobile and wholesale fixed-line communication service company in Italy. In addition, the second son, Li Zekai, ranks 217th in the world with a wealth of 72 billion yuan.

　　96 years oldShau Kee LeeWealth remained at 165 billion yuan, ranking eighth in China. 65th in the world, down 6 places. In January of this year,Become a partner of the talent service office of the SAR Government.

　　56 years oldZeng yuqunWealth decreased by 34% compared with last year, ranking eighth in China with 165 billion yuan. 65th in the world, down 28 places. At present, the market value is 700 billion yuan, down nearly 400 billion yuan compared with the same period of last year, but it is still the listed company with the largest market value on the Growth Enterprise Market. The company performed well. In the first three quarters of last year, its revenue was close to 300 billion yuan, up 40% year-on-year, and its net profit reached 32.5 billion yuan, up 66%. In the Hurun World Top 500 in 2023, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited ranked 98th.

　　61 years oldLi ShufuWealth was the same as last year, ranking 10th in China with 160 billion yuan, up two places. 74th in the world, down 11 places. In the past year, Li Shufu’s Hong Kong listed companiesAlthough the share price has fallen, the operating income has kept growing. In the first half of last year, the company’s sales revenue was nearly 80 billion yuan. Volvo cars also performed well, with global sales exceeding 700,000 units last year. In February of this year, Li Shufu’sLotus is listed in the United States, with a current market value of 36 billion yuan.

　　Other noteworthy entrepreneurs in China:

　　● Entrepreneurs with the biggest increase include: With the development of AI, the game company Mihayou is 37 years old.Cai haoyuWealth increased by 210% to 67 billion yuan, and the semiconductor company was 39 years old in Cambrian.Chen TianshiWealth increased by 120% to 16 billion yuan; Quanta Computer from Taiwan Province is 75 years old.Barry LamWealth increased by 180% to 60.5 billion yuan; 60-year-old mask companyZhang LiguoWealth increased by 90% to 13.5 billion yuan.

　　● New face: 71-year-old from Taiwan Province who is engaged in investment.Chen xianzheWith a wealth of 44 billion yuan, it ranks first among the newly listed entrepreneurs in China, followed by Lala Technology, a 47-year-old freight forwarder from Hong Kong.Zhou shengfuThe wealth is 24 billion yuan. Other newly listed entrepreneurs include 64-year-old leading enterprises from Langfang.Zhou chaonanJialichuang, a semiconductor company from Shenzhen, is 45 years old.Yuan JiangtaoThe wealth is 18 billion yuan.

　　● Entrepreneurs with the largest decline in wealth include: Futu, a financial technology company.46 years oldLi Hua, down 69% to 22.5 billion yuan; New town industrialWang ZhenhuaFamily,ofRen JinshengFamily, both fell by 67% to 7.2 billion yuan.

　　● Automobile: There are three billion entrepreneurs in the automobile industry, Geely’s.Li ShufuFamily fortune has 160 billion yuan, ranking first in the industry; Followed byofWang ChuanfuandofWei Jianjun、Han xuejuanHusband and wife, the wealth is 110 billion yuan.

　　● Semiconductor: With 5G,With the development of intelligent manufacturing, the demand for semiconductors has soared. Cambrian 39-year-oldChen TianshiWealth increased by 120% to 16 billion yuan, and MediaTek’sZhuo ZhizheWealth increased by 60% to 11.5 billion yuan.

　　● The youngest started from scratch: Xicha is 33 years old.Nie yunchenWealth increased by 20% to 8.5 billion yuan, making him the youngest self-made billionaire entrepreneur in China.

　　● Real estate continues to slump, Wanda’sWang JianlinFamily fortune has shrunk by 72% to 30 billion yuan, and most of its shares in Wanda Commercial Management have been frozen; ofyang huiyanFamily fortune shrank by 60% to 44 billion yuan.

　　● The industries with the largest number of losers are industrial products, includingofXin Jin(last year’s wealth was 12 billion yuan),ofChen yin(Last year’s wealth was 11 billion yuan); Followed by real estate and medical health, the real estate industry includes Zhongang’sYi rubo(Last year’s wealth was 21 billion yuan), Rongmin’sShi Guilu(Last year’s wealth was 20 billion yuan); The medical and health industry includesofLu Jianming(last year’s wealth was 15 billion yuan),ofHu gengxi、Chen yanniCouple (wealth of 13 billion yuan last year).

　　Top 20 China City

　　Ningde, Chongqing, Wenzhou, Yantai and Tianjin are among the top 20 cities in China. Hefei and Zhengzhou fell out of the top 20. There are 252 billion-dollar entrepreneurs in the Yangtze River Delta, and 220 in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

　　United States:The wealth of 800 people on the list accounts for 37% of the total wealth of the whole list. There are 132 new people on the list. The main industries include financial services (159 people), followed by media and entertainment (105 people) and software and services (92 people). The average age is 67 years old.

　　India:94 new faces, the country with the largest number of new people on the list except the United States, with a total of 271 people on the list. The main industries include medicine (39 people), automobile and(27 people) and chemical industry (24 people). The total wealth exceeds 7 trillion yuan, accounting for 7% of the total wealth of the whole list. The average age is 67 years old.

　　Who is rising?

　　The wealth of 1933 people increased compared with last year, including 480 new faces.

　　The biggest winner this year isMark Zuckerberg, an increase of 650 billion yuan, followed byElon MuskAn increase of 530 billion yuan.

　　NVIDIA’sJensen HuangWealth has doubled to 350 billion yuan.Jeff BezosandLarry PageIt also rebounded sharply. Bezos increased by 480 billion yuan after shrinking by 470 billion yuan last year, and Page increased by 350 billion yuan after shrinking by 270 billion yuan last year.

　　Pinduoduo’sHuang ZhengFor two consecutive years, it has become the entrepreneur with the largest wealth growth in China, with an increase of 80 billion yuan last year and 160 billion yuan this year, ranking the top 20 in the world.

　　Other wealth growth:Pakistani-American entrepreneurShahid KhanThe wealth in the industry has increased by 20 billion yuan ($2.7 billion) through Flex N Gate. His wealth growth is closely related to the growing demand for electric vehicles and intelligent technology.

　　Italian entrepreneurLeonid BoguslavskyThrough RTP Global’s wealth in the field of investment management has increased by 20 billion yuan, and he has seized the exponential growth of high-tech start-ups and digital platforms.

　　Indonesian mining entrepreneurBayan ResourcesLiu Deguang’s wealth has increased by 20 billion yuan. Driven by the global energy industry demand and post-epidemic economic recovery, the demand for coal and other commodities is rising, which has promoted the growth of its wealth.

　　American entrepreneur Fisher InvestmentsKen FisherAnd Belgian entrepreneur Artel’sEric WittouckWealth has increased by 20 billion yuan ($3 billion and $2.5 billion), all due to the rise of the stock market. Their achievements stem from diversified investment portfolios in the fields of science and technology, medical health and green energy.

　　The first new face on this year’s list is the 65-year-old Susquehanna International Group of the United States.Jeff yas(195 billion yuan) and American oil and gas producer Endeavor Energy 85 years oldAutry Stephens(165 billion yuan), they all entered the top 100.

　　Who’s descending?

　　1346 people lost their wealth, of which 278 fell out of the list.

　　Bernard ArnaultIt shrank the most this year, by 190 billion yuan, because the luxury goods industry did not perform well this year. Entrepreneurs in the top ten declines in the luxury goods industry also include openingTuan’sFrancois Pinault、ofLeonard Lauder.

　　Laurene powell jobs familyThe decline in wealth is mainly due to the revaluation of its wealth and WalterThe company’s share price fell.

　　China and real estate entrepreneurs have lost a lot of wealth in the past year, and their headquarters are in Fujian.Manufacturer Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited’sZeng yuqunWealth has shrunk by 90 billion yuan, Wanda’sWang JianlinShrink by 80 billion yuan, yesyang huiyanIt has shrunk by 65 billion yuan.

　　ofLiu Qiangdong, ZhangZetian.The couple’s wealth fell by 50 billion yuan to 49.5 billion yuan.

　　Carl icahnWealth has shrunk, and some people accuse his company of over-leverage, and the transaction price is too high compared with the net asset value.

　　Headquartered in ShenzhenZhengweiWang WenyinHe is the biggest loser this year. Although he had a wealth of up to 105 billion yuan last year, he still fell off the list because his company had serious cash flow problems. 45 years old AustriabusinessRene BenkoAfter Sigma Holdings declared bankruptcy, it fell off the list. Last year, Benko’s wealth was 37.5 billion yuan.

　　Industry distribution

　　Judging from the number of entrepreneurs with a billion dollars, financial services surpass consumer goods and rank first in all major industries. And real estate surpassed the retail industry, ranking third and fourth respectively.

　　For the billion-dollar entrepreneurs in the media and entertainment, software and services and financial services industries, this year is a bumper year, while for the billion-dollar entrepreneurs in the medical and health, industrial products and food and beverage industries, this year is relatively difficult.

　　pass away

　　In the past year, 39 billion-dollar entrepreneurs died, the highest number on record. Among them, the youngest is the founder of Shangtang Technology.Tang xiaoouAt the age of 55. Sixteen of them are over 90 years old, including those in Britain.Jacques Gaston Murray(Last year’s wealth was 7.5 billion yuan) 103 years old, Berkshire Hathaway’scharlie thomas munger(Last year’s wealth was 15.5 billion yuan) 99 years old. Other China entrepreneurs who died include Zong Qinghou, founder of Wahaha, and Xu Wenlong, founder of Chi Mei Group.Co-founder Zhao Ning and Gulin Ruihui of CITIC Financial Holdings.

　　Together, they left nearly 2 trillion yuan of wealth to their family members.

　　Distribution on all continents

　　Distribution of continents:Asia accounts for almost half of the known billion-dollar entrepreneurs in the world. North America is the fastest growing region.

　　Historical data: the number of entrepreneurs with a billion dollars in the world

　　This year, the total wealth and the number of billion-dollar entrepreneurs have rebounded, approaching the record year of 2022. Before this year, except for 2019 and 2023, the number and total wealth of billion-dollar entrepreneurs set a new record in every year of the past decade. The number of known billion-dollar entrepreneurs is nearly twice that of ten years ago.

　　The number of global entrepreneurs with billions of dollars has nearly doubled from 126 ten years ago to 234 this year.

　　The number of entrepreneurs with billions of dollars has increased from 0 to 13 in six years.

　　Historical data, and comparison of China, the United States and India.

　　Historical Data-Threshold

　　Compared with the top ten five years ago and ten years ago.

　　The threshold of the top ten doubles almost every five years. Only five entrepreneurs who were in the top ten ten years ago are still in the top ten: Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Larry Ellision, bernard arnault and Jeff Bezos.

　　Appendix-Other countries in the world

　　BritainIt surpassed Germany and ranked fourth, with 146 billion-dollar entrepreneurs with a total wealth of 4 trillion yuan. The real estate (25), retail (20) and financial services (18) industries performed best. London is the most popular city, with 97 billion-dollar entrepreneurs living there. 80 people’s wealth increased, 10 people fell off the list and 20 people were newly listed. The average age is 66 years old.

　　GermanyIt fell to the fifth place, with 140 billion-dollar entrepreneurs with a total wealth of 4.4 trillion yuan. The best performing industries are food and beverage, medical health and retail, with 21 billion-dollar entrepreneurs each. Munich ranks first with 13 billion-dollar enterprises, followed by Hamburg with 11. 47 people lost their wealth, and 3 people fell off the list. The average age is 66 years old.

　　SwitzerlandRanked sixth in the world with 106 billion-dollar entrepreneurs, with a total wealth of 3.5 trillion yuan. Geneva is the most popular city, where 14 billion-dollar entrepreneurs live. The best performing industries in Switzerland are health care (21st), consumer goods (12th) and investment (9th). 58-bit wealth growth. The average age is 68,-Michael Kuhn became the richest man in Switzerland with a wealth of 280 billion yuan.

　　RussiaWith 76 billion-dollar entrepreneurs (an increase of 6), it climbed to the seventh place in the world, with a total wealth of 2.5 trillion yuan. Metals and minerals (17th), energy (9th), chemicals, investment and real estate (7th) are the main industries. Moscow is the most popular city, with 59 billion-dollar entrepreneurs living there. 45 wealth growth, 19 new list. The average age is 60 years old.

　　ItalyIt rose to the eighth place, with 69 billion-dollar entrepreneurs with a total wealth of 1.3 trillion yuan. The best performing industry is consumer goods, with 26 billion-dollar entrepreneurs. Milan is the city with the largest number of billion-dollar entrepreneurs in Italy, with 28. The richest man in Italy is the family of Mahiliana Landini Aliodi in Manarini, with a wealth of 65 billion yuan. The youngest is 19-year-old Clemente del Vecchio, with a wealth of 33 billion yuan. The wealth of Leonid Boguslavsky of RTP Global increased by 156% to RMB 29.5 billion. Italy has 12 new faces.

　　FranceIt fell to ninth place, with 68 billion-dollar entrepreneurs with a total wealth of 3.8 trillion yuan. The best performing industry is food and beverage, with 11 billion-dollar entrepreneurs, followed by consumer goods, with 9, luxury goods and construction projects with 8 each. Paris is the city with the largest number of billion-dollar entrepreneurs in France, with 44. Bernard arnault (wealth 1.26 trillion yuan) is the richest man in France. The oldest is 97-year-old Ginette Moulin(185 billion yuan). 35 people’s wealth increased, while 27 people’s wealth decreased. Four new faces.

　　BrazilRanked tenth, there are 64 billion-dollar entrepreneurs with a total wealth of 1.3 trillion yuan. The best performing industry is financial services, with 19 billion-dollar entrepreneurs, 9 in the investment industry and 6 in the retail industry. 37 live in Sao Paulo. The richest man is Marcel Herman Thales of 3G Capital, with a wealth of 65.5 billion yuan. The oldest is 93-year-old Maria Helena Moraes Scripilliti, with a wealth of 19.5 billion yuan.

　　Top 100

　　Wealth creation index:Hurun Research Institute takes the form of scoring to classify entrepreneurs’ wealth inheritance or starting from scratch. From level 1 to level 5, level 1 means that family fortune has been completely inherited, and he has not actively participated in it, while level 5 means that he started from scratch without the help of his parents.

　　Among the entrepreneurs listed this year, 67% started from scratch and 33% inherited wealth. In China, the proportion of self-made people is much higher than that of other countries. Five years ago, self-made billion-dollar entrepreneurs accounted for 65% of the list.

　　[XCAR Deep Observation Original]

　　SUV is only one type of vehicle segmentation, why does it become the topic of today’s headlines? The reason is simple, because it attracts more and more attention and sells better and better, especially in China market. According to the latest data, from January to September, the national SUV sales reached 5,999,200, up 45.91% year-on-year, while the car sales reached 8,441,200, but the year-on-year growth was only 2.70%. It can be said that SUV is the most popular model in China market at present, and it is also the fastest-growing model, which further stimulates major car companies to increase their efforts in the field of SUV models. Skoda, Volkswagen and Audi, the three brands of Volkswagen Group, are very familiar to everyone, and they are also three brands that domestic consumers like very much. Let’s talk about the SUV strategies of these three brands in the following article.

　　Skoda brand SUV strategy

　　Since 2013, Skoda has gradually accelerated the launch of brand-new products in China market. Last year, it completed the replacement of Jingrui and Supai, and launched a brand-new brand Slogan. With the increase of sales volume, Skoda will launch more brand-new products in China market, with only three SUV/CUV models planned in China, and gradually expand the product layout in the SUV market segment.

　　Among them, Yeti, which was repositioned and listed last year, is an extremely important step in Skoda SUV strategy. Yeti aims at the hot small SUV market in recent years and further explores the SUV market segment. At the price level, Yeti is positioned in the range of 130,000-180,000 yuan, which has a great intersection with the products of the same level on the market. For products one level higher than it, the entry threshold should be 180,000-200,000. In contrast, the cost performance of Yeti is still very high.

　　This year, in order to make up for the gap of Skoda brand in the large SUV market, Kodiaq, the first medium-sized SUV model to be unveiled at Guangzhou Auto Show, will become the second SUV of Skoda in China market after Yeti. With this SUV model, Skoda will not only further improve its layout in the domestic SUV market, but also realize the seamless connection from small SUV to medium-sized SUV market and further meet the upgrading needs of consumers. So, what strength does Skoda Kodiaq have to take the lead in the fierce market competition in the future?

　　The first domestic medium-sized SUV Skoda Kodiaq was unveiled at Guangzhou Auto Show.

　　Since we talked about Skoda’s SUV strategy earlier, we have to say that Skoda is a very important car at present, which is Skoda’s first mid-level SUV model Kodiaq. Skoda Kodiaq first met us at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2016. At that time, it was still in the concept car stage, and there was no brave name of Kodiaq, but it was called Vision S.

　　Six months after the concept car was unveiled, the exact time should be September 1st. Skoda’s new mid-level SUV model KODIAQ was launched in Berlin. The new car continued the style of the VISION S concept car and was built on the Volkswagen MQB modular platform.

　　Skoda KODIAQ (named after Kodiak Bear in Alaska) adopts the integrated design of headlights and front grille, and the headlights are added with LED light groups, and the air intake grille adopts an all-black hollow style. The side lines of the car body are straight and tough, and the smooth curve of the roof also reserves a certain head space for the third row. In the rear part of the car, the rear part of the car has a strong sense of hierarchy. The taillight group adopts C-shaped LED strip shape, which has a strong visual impact. The three-dimensional double tailpipe design makes the rear part more powerful and sporty.

　　In terms of body size, the length, width and height of KODIAQ are 4697/1882/1676mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2791 mm. The new car offers five-seat and seven-seat versions for consumers to choose from. In addition, the minimum weight of KODIAQ is only 1523kg because of the lightweight measures such as high strength steel and weight reduction.

　　Previously, SAIC and Skoda Motor have signed a memorandum of understanding, and it is planned that the amount of investment in China will exceed 15 billion yuan in the next five years, which will be used in SUV, new energy, automotive interconnection solutions and new modes of travel. Among them, in the SUV field, Skoda has started to invest in three factories in Ningbo, Yizheng and Shanghai to expand production capacity and carry out technical transformation. According to the production plan of Shanghai Volkswagen Skoda, the new SUV model KODIAQ will be put into production in Changsha factory.

　　Kodiaq will form strategic complementarity with Yeti to enhance brand and product positioning.

　　In the domestic automobile market, Yeti was originally sold in China in the form of import. After localization improvement, it was made in China, with a backpack spare tire design, which was obviously different from the imported version of Yeti. At present, the sales volume of Yeti has maintained a rapid growth of 10%, which is the fastest growing model of Skoda brand. At this year’s Chengdu Auto Show, Yeti officially launched the brother version, and the new car added many configurations on the basis of the previous version, selling for 159,800 yuan. Subsequently, on September 20th, the 2017 Yeti was officially launched. Together with the previously listed Brother Edition, there were 6 models, and the price range was 129.8-20.98 million yuan.

　　In order to enhance the competitiveness of products, the 2017 Yeti has adjusted the configuration of some models, among which the 1.4T DSG pioneering version will add external spare tires, leather seats and side airbags. In addition, the model will also be equipped with an 8-inch multimedia system screen; The 1.4T DSG Zunxing Edition will come standard with an 8-inch multimedia system screen. In addition, the 2017 Yeti canceled the 1.4T manual forward version. After upgrading the configuration and improving the models, Yeti’s competitiveness in the domestic joint venture SUV market has been further improved. Compared with the models of Freeman, Dongfeng Honda XR-V and Hacker of the same level, Yeti not only has obvious price advantage, but also has better comprehensive competitiveness than its competitors at the same level, and has the strength to compete with compact competitors in fuel economy, space flexibility and configuration.

　　With the continuous improvement of Yeti’s strength, the influence and reputation of Skoda brand in the SUV market will also be continuously enhanced. After the new medium-sized SUV Kodiaq officially joins the Skoda SUV camp next year, the influence of Skoda brand in the domestic SUV market will be further enhanced. In order to further expand the layout of Skoda in the domestic SUV market, Skoda will build a richer SUV product portfolio in the China market in the future. As Mr. Han Maian, President of Skoda China, revealed: In addition to Kodiaq, a large 7-seat SUV, a number of SUVs including crossover vehicles will be launched in the future, which will eventually achieve full coverage of SUV products and become a powerful guarantee for Skoda to hit 500,000 vehicles.

　　In the future, more SUVs will be pushed to further enrich SUV cars.

　　In addition to the Yeti and Kodiaq mentioned above, a few days ago, overseas media also exposed a set of imaginary maps of Skoda’s brand-new SUV. The design concept of this car comes from Skoda Jingrui, which locates the small SUV market and is expected to be officially released in 2018. Skoda’s new small SUV will be positioned under Yeti, and its main competitors in the future will be Citroen C4 Cactus and Nissan JUKE.

　　This new small SUV has not yet exposed specific parameters in terms of body size, but it is reported that it is likely to be equivalent to the current Yeti, and the next generation Yeti will be upgraded in terms of body size, forming a differential layout with the new small SUV, thus competing with hackers for market share of compact SUVs.

　　On the whole, in the field of SUV models, Skoda will gradually form a small, compact and medium-sized all-round layout in recent years, alleviating the situation that Yeti is alone at present. With the coming out of Kodiaq and brand-new small SUVs, what kind of achievements will Skoda make in the SUV market in the future? We will wait and see.

　　Beijing, April 25 (Xinhua) According to the Voice of China, "Chaoguang Night News" reported that on April 23, a total of 25 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) held a written civil service examination, with a total number of applicants reaching 4.095 million, which is the largest civil service examination. However, since Saturday night, the topic of "Civil Servant Joint Entrance Examination" has exploded on the Internet. Many netizens said that the "double-creation" questions in the application topic were circulated before the exam, and netizens from Jiangxi, Chongqing, Hunan, Guizhou and other places have cracked down on the Internet. In this regard, Yang Guangye journalists launched an investigation.

　　Many provincial civil service exams are suspected of being leaked. Official: It is involved in verification.

　　According to the registration data, 136,000 people successfully registered for the civil service examination in Jiangxi Province on the 24th. As soon as the exam ended that afternoon, some people reported that the test questions were similar to the simulated test papers that had been done in some training institutions before. According to the information circulating on the Internet, the most questioned topic is the topic of the day. Some candidates posted on the Internet that the topic of "starting a business" had been done in the simulation paper of the training institution before. Even some administrative professional ability test questions have been met.

　　Later on the day of the exam, Huatu Education Group Fuzhou Branch published an article in its WeChat WeChat official account, in which several screenshots were quoted, all of which were similar to "Huatu guessed the exam questions". This statement has undoubtedly deepened the public’s doubts about the fairness of the civil service examination. Weibo, the official of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, announced that he had been involved in the investigation.

　　While there is a rumor on the Internet that Jiangxi civil service examination is suspected of leaking questions, there are also candidates from Sichuan, Shanxi, Guangxi and other provinces and regions who reflect similar situations. Xiao Zhao, a candidate from Sichuan Province, took the civil service examination in this province on the same day. That night, he saw the so-called "Huatu Secret Volume" circulating on the Internet. According to his memories, Xiao Zhao compared it and found that the "Secret Volume" was highly compatible with the real examination questions. "Even the last big question in Sichuan is the same as that in Huatu. The coincidence rate of the application can be said to have reached the name of the cafe mentioned in its title, which is exactly the same. " Xiao Zhang, a Shanxi examinee, also saw the so-called "Huatu Secret Paper" which was widely circulated on the Internet. He said that the similarity between the examination questions and the "secret paper" in the administrative professional ability test paper was as high as 80% or more.

　　For the situation reflected on the Internet, a staff member of Huatu Education Jiangxi Branch denied that Huatu leaked the test questions. "The civil service examination questions belong to the national first-class secrets. We Huatu have no insiders in the (proposition group) and there is no way to disclose the questions. It just means that our team of teachers in Huatu is excellent, and they may have talked about some topics in their usual lectures. " A senior manager of Huatu Education also believes that if a commercial training institution hypes up by getting the examination questions belonging to state secrets in advance, it is undoubtedly suicidal.

　　He said that Huatu Education Group has noticed this incident and will cooperate with relevant departments in a timely and full manner.

　　Insiders of training institutions have different opinions, and commercial speculation is not excluded.

　　Similar problems have occurred more than once. Whether it’s the real disclosure or the hype of training institutions, under the background of all kinds of suggestive training and publicity, whether there will be problems in various exams every year has now become a topic of concern and even concern. In this regard, the responses of some insiders in the industry are also different.

　　In Henan, the registration for the 2016 Henan Civil Service Examination has not yet started, and the training course of a civil service examination training institution in Xuchang has already started. The reporter visited Xuchang Civil Servant Training Market in Henan Province and found that most of the slogans such as "package" and "you know" are just bragging propaganda of some training institutions, and the probability of leaking questions in advance in the public examination is very small.

　　A staff member said in an interview that although some training institutions advertise "no refund" and "no refund" before the exam every year, even some training institutions will say that they will invite teachers to give lectures, but these are just to attract students’ attention: "The longer the time, the higher the pass rate. It is unrealistic and impossible to pass the exam. How can he pass it?" It is impossible for a teacher to give a lecture. Don’t even think about it. It is impossible. If he dares to give a lecture, he will break the law. We know that he will not be allowed to come out after the question is finished. " Regarding the situation that the written test of Jiangxi civil servants "provincial examination" has leaked this year reflected by netizens and candidates, he believes that in order to improve the success rate of training, some training institutions may invite experienced teachers to bet on the questions in the final stage of training, that is, the "gambling questions" in the industry, but this is only applicable to the application of this examination subject. "If you apply, he has a topic. There are several hottest topics this year. You have read all these and mastered them. You are not worried about which one. If you apply, there are actually only a few major events every year."

　　Mr. Zhang, who once set up a training course for civil servants in Xuchang, also told reporters that advertisements such as "package" and "but refund" are actually to attract students. Often, this "no refund" training method has a high application fee, and the training institution earns probability money, and if the candidate has not passed the exam, the training institution will not refund all the fees to you, but only a part. In response to the leakage incident, Mr. Zhang said that the civil service examination is an important way for the country to select outstanding talents and enrich the ranks of government personnel. Both the examination procedures and confidentiality work are very strict, and it is difficult to leak questions. It is possible for someone to take photos in violation of regulations during the examination. "Some small training institutions may cheat during the exam. For example, they find several people and sign them up for the exam. Each person has different topics, and then they go into the examination room to do the questions, and then bring out the answers, and then pass them on to some candidates through miniature headphones and electronic equipment."

　　There are also people in the industry who are likely to analyze the leak.

　　Li, who didn’t want to be named, is the head of a small civil servant examination and training institution. Although he didn’t get wind of this suspected leak before the exam, he was not surprised at all: "This kind of criminal record was there before, but it was different in degree." As a veteran in the industry, Li believes that the possibility of training institutions taking the public examination questions is about zero. Because betting on the topic means that the number of questions is very small, under such a premise, if it is extremely close to the real question, there must be something fishy: "From the root, there must be something wrong with the questioner. Theoretically, the questioner put away his mobile phone during the question, but he probably put his ideas and some larger institutions through the wind before the question, so when he really gave the question, it was what he had said before. "

　　Li revealed that at present, almost all civil service examination and training institutions will enroll students under the banner of "package". "package" means that if it is impossible to get a full refund, once it has passed the exam, it will bring huge benefits that ordinary people can’t imagine: "The fees charged by large training institutions are very high. The first one is a full refund, at least 18,000 yuan, and there are more than 500,000 yuan, that is, no matter what the written test is, if it is only a full refund, the second one is about 15,000 yuan. This kind of defense is not a full refund, but it is only a few thousand dollars, and it may be four or five thousand dollars. From the market point of view, students are more inclined to choose the first one because it doesn’t matter how much money I spend when I pass the exam. If I really enter the written test, the economic benefits will be huge, and the first income may be hundreds of millions. From the perspective of economic interests, it is desperate for this institution. The second reason is that the state’s handling method is not decisive. In the past, there have been such things as missing questions in the postgraduate entrance examination. Basically, whoever has an accident will be dealt with. It seems that there are few such things as retaking the exam, which is very unfair to the majority of candidates. "

　　In Li’s view, the suspected disclosure of questions by individual training institutions may push the public examination training market with huge resource monopoly to the extreme of more abnormal development: "This incident is a cardiotonic for these large institutions, which makes the majority of candidates more confident that they are authoritative, whether they are betting on questions or have internal information, and they must be reported for the next exam. No matter whether they fail this time, even if they have to retake the exam this time, they will still believe that they have this strength. Candidates don’t think too much, just want to know whether I can get in, where to spend money instead of spending it, and there may be real questions in the training process, even if a very small part is worthwhile. This will further lead to resource monopoly and seriously affect the fairness of the market. "

　　In this regard, Chen Xiaoxi, a lecturer in the Department of Ideological and Political Affairs of Chuzhou University and a doctor of philosophy at Fudan University, said that some training institutions would seek ways to disclose exam questions and even organize cheating in order to achieve a high pass rate. It is also possible that exam questions will leak in different links. "Including the easing of marking, the easing of propositions, the transportation and preservation of test papers, and the possible fraud caused by the internal examination room, we said today that internet plus will promote the development of many industries, but internet plus will also bring serious challenges to many things. For example, now that communication technology is so developed, it will also lead to fraud in exams."

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