I. Policy background

　　In 2016, the city implemented the decentralization of urban renewal and strong areas. According to the Decision of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government on Implementing the Reform of Urban Renewal (Order No.288 of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government) (hereinafter referred to as Order No.288) and the Decision of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government on Deepening the Reform of Planning Land System and Mechanism (Order No.298 of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government) (hereinafter referred to as Order No.298), the examination and approval authority of urban renewal projects and the implementation plan of agricultural conversion involved are adjusted to district governments (including new ones) Under the new situation of decentralization in strong areas, in order to do a good job of linking up the work among provinces, cities and districts after the reform, better guide and standardize the examination and approval of land for urban renewal projects of demolition and reconstruction, and improve the efficiency of examination and approval, the Provisions on the Examination and Approval of Land for Urban Renewal Projects of Demolition and Reconstruction in Shenzhen (hereinafter referred to as the Provisions) is formulated in combination with the relevant provisions of the state, provinces and municipalities on land management, which serves as the basis for urban renewal agencies in various districts to examine and approve the implementation plan of land for urban renewal projects and the conversion of agricultural land.

　　Second, the main content

　　The "Regulations" consists of nineteen articles, the main contents of which are as follows:

　　(A) on the scope of application of the policy

　　The "Regulations" apply to the examination and approval of the implementation plan for the development and construction land and its agricultural land conversion.

　　(B) on the division of land use approval authority

　　According to Decree No.288 and its implementation opinions and Decree No.298, the municipal competent department of planning and land is the competent department of urban renewal business, responsible for the policy formulation and business guidance of the implementation plan for the development and construction of land and its agricultural land conversion, and summarizes the examination and approval of each district every six months and reports it to the municipal government; The district government is responsible for the examination and approval of the implementation plan for the development and construction of land and its agricultural land conversion; The urban renewal agencies in each district are responsible for the specific examination and approval work, and the relevant departments do a good job of cooperation within the scope of their duties.

　　(3) About the scope of land use approval

　　Urban renewal projects are based on the scope of project demolition defined by urban renewal unit planning, and land use approval is carried out according to the phased implementation timing determined by urban renewal unit planning. The "Regulations" distinguish four situations, which involve staging but not project implementation, not involving staging but sub-project implementation, sub-project implementation by stages, and sub-project implementation by stages, and clarify the units that approve the development and construction land. If a whole area contains a number of development and construction land, all development and construction land shall go through the formalities of land use examination and approval at the same time, and the subsequent procedures shall go through the formalities of signing the land use right transfer contract at the same time.

　　(four) on the land application materials and approval conditions.

　　In accordance with the Decision of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Amending the Administrative Measures for the Examination and Approval of Construction Land, the Notice of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Land and Resources on Implementing the Opinions of the State on Improving and Optimizing the Pre-examination and Review of Construction Projects, and the Notice of the Shenzhen Municipal Planning and Land Resources Committee of the Shenzhen Municipal Finance Committee on Further Defining the Payment Process of Paid Use Fees for New Construction Land, The Reply on Approving to Authorize the Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government to Exercise Relevant Land Management Authority, the Measures for Urban Renewal in Shenzhen and its detailed rules for implementation, and in combination with the provisions of relevant policies such as prevention and management of geological disasters, investigation and evaluation of soil environment, the Provisions clarify the application materials and conditions for examination and approval of development and construction land and its implementation plan for agricultural conversion.

　　(five) on the development and construction of land involved in the approved land without construction.

　　Linked to the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Measures for Urban Renewal in Shenzhen and the Technical Regulations for the Planning and Compilation of Urban Renewal Units for Demolition and Reconstruction in Shenzhen (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations for the Planning and Compilation of Renewal Units), the Regulations stipulate the work of this situation in the stages of urban renewal unit planning approval, project implementation subject confirmation, cancellation of real property right certificate, land use approval and land transfer from the perspective of land use approval. Following the principle of equal area, equal period, equal development intensity and other functions, the area, use, plot ratio, transfer period and start date of the vacated land shall be implemented according to the agreement in the transfer contract of the land use right of the vacated land.

　　(six) the situation that the urban renewal unit contains overhead corridors, cross-street buildings or underground spaces.

　　The "Regulations" are linked with the "Technical Regulations on Updating Unit Planning", and the applicants, departments and procedures for land approval for public overhead corridors and public passages outside the scope of development and construction land are defined. At the same time, the "Regulations" clarify that the horizontal projection range, area and vertical elevation of overhead corridors, cross-street buildings or underground spaces should be clear when the construction land is approved. However, considering that it is difficult to define the specific spatial location in the stage of land use approval, the Regulations propose that in the stage of construction project planning permission, the horizontal projection range, area and vertical elevation can be appropriately adjusted according to the urban renewal unit planning and relevant standards and specifications, and a supplementary agreement on the land use right transfer contract can be signed, so it is not necessary to re-apply for construction land approval.

　　(seven) on the phased implementation of urban renewal units, there is a lack of legal land use indicators within the scope of later project demolition.

　　Urban renewal unit planning takes urban renewal unit as a unit for overall planning, and there may be insufficient legal land use indicators within the scope of later project demolition in urban renewal units implemented by stages. In this case, if the legal land use index of the later project is insufficient, the legal land use index of the signed land use right transfer contract can be used to exceed the area of the transferred development and construction land. When there are many kinds of land use categories beyond the legal land use index, they shall be used in the order of land price calculation.

　　(eight) on the urban renewal project involving non-agricultural construction land and illegal construction land left over from the history of rural urbanization.

　　In accordance with the principle of respecting history and safeguarding the rights and interests of the original rural collective, and according to the order of demarcation of non-agricultural construction land, the Regulations respectively stipulate different treatment principles for non-agricultural construction land before and after the disposal of illegal construction land left over from rural urbanization history.

　　(nine) on the situation that the urban renewal project involves the overlapping of non-agricultural construction land and old house village land.

　　For non-agricultural construction land and the old house village land overlap, the overlapping part is treated as non-agricultural construction land, and the old house village land is not included in the legal land use index; The overlapping part is treated as the land used in the old house village, and the non-agricultural construction land can be separately included in the legal land use index within the scope of demolition, and there is no need to adjust the non-agricultural construction land plan.

　　(ten) on the time limit and procedures for land use approval.

　　Combined with the relevant provisions of the administrative license, the time limit for examination and approval of development and construction land is 20 working days. The approval procedure is as follows:

　　Figure 1 Flow chart for approval of development and construction land

　　(twelve) land transfer and non-agricultural construction land index verification.

　　Urban renewal unit planning determines that the land to be handed over to the government free of charge should be handed over before the signing of the land use right transfer contract for urban renewal projects. Urban renewal projects involving non-agricultural construction land within the scope of demolition, the district urban renewal agencies shall notify the municipal competent department of planning and land to send agencies within the jurisdiction to write off non-agricultural construction land indicators before the signing of the land use right transfer contract for urban renewal projects.

　　(thirteen) the time limit and procedures for the approval of the implementation plan for the conversion of agricultural land.

　　If the development and construction land of the project involves the occupation of agricultural land and unused land, the implementation plan for the conversion of agricultural land shall be formulated by the district urban renewal agency and submitted to the district government for approval simultaneously with the development and construction land. The procedure is as follows:

　　Fig. 2 Flow chart for approval of implementation scheme of agricultural conversion

　　(fourteen) on the use of land use planning indicators.

　　Before compiling the implementation plan of agricultural land conversion for renewal projects, the district urban renewal institution shall solicit the opinions of the agencies dispatched by the competent department of city planning and land administration, and clarify the sources of new construction land indicators. The dispatched offices of the municipal competent department of planning and land shall, according to the reply issued by the district government, do a good job in the ledger management of the indicators of agricultural conversion in the jurisdiction, and report to the municipal competent department of planning and land regularly for summary as required.

　　(15) Information disclosure

　　After the district government issues the approval of construction land and the approval of the implementation plan of agricultural conversion, the district urban renewal institution shall make the approval of land use and the implementation plan of agricultural conversion public at the project site and portal website respectively.

　　(XVI) About the effective date.

　　The Regulations shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

National Health and Wellness Commission, National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention on Printing and Distributing

Disease prevention and control institutions, food safety and

Notice of detailed rules for nutrition and health work

Guowei Food Fa [2024] No.29??

All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, Health and Health Committees of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, CDC, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center:

In order to implement the basic medical and health promotion law, food safety law, infectious disease prevention law and other laws and regulations, implement the food safety strategy, promote the construction of a healthy China, guide local disease prevention and control institutions to fully perform their duties of food safety and nutrition health, and strengthen capacity building, the National Health and Wellness Committee and the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention formulated the Detailed Rules for Food Safety and Nutrition Health of Disease Prevention and Control Institutions. Is issued to you, please implement.

National Health Commission

National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control

August 19, 2024

disease prevention and control institutions

Detailed working rules for food safety and nutrition and health

Chapter I General Principles

the first　In order to standardize the food safety and nutrition health work of disease prevention and control institutions, according to the basic medical and health promotion law, food safety law, infectious disease prevention law and other laws and regulations, the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline, the National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030) and the management regulations of the National Health and Wellness Commission on food safety risk monitoring, risk assessment, food-borne disease monitoring report, standard management and nutrition-related monitoring, etc.

the second　Under the unified leadership, coordination or entrustment of the health administrative department and the disease control administrative department, local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels undertake food safety risk monitoring, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation of food safety accidents, promulgation and revision of standards, national nutrition plan and reasonable diet action, nutrition health monitoring of different groups, nutrition health cohort survey, food composition monitoring, food consumption survey, total diet research, food safety and nutrition risk exchange and popular science education.

Article　Local health administrative departments at all levels shall evaluate and guide the work, and the disease prevention and control institutions at higher levels shall assist the health administrative departments to strengthen the guidance to the disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels and supervise the implementation of the work. The disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels shall complete the food safety and nutrition and health work arranged by the health administrative department and the disease prevention and control institutions at higher levels as required.

Chapter II Work Contents

Article 4　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions should do a good job in food safety and nutrition and health, including:

(a) to undertake the food safety risk monitoring work in this area, to be responsible for the collection, summary, analysis, quality control and management of monitoring data in this area, and to undertake emergency monitoring tasks;

(2) Undertaking or participating in national and local food safety risk assessment;

(three) to undertake the monitoring of food-borne diseases and the epidemiological investigation and sanitary treatment of food safety accidents;

(four) to undertake or participate in the formulation and revision of national and local food safety standards, food safety standards tracking evaluation, publicity training, guidance and answer, and food enterprise standards filing management and other related work;

(five) to carry out food safety and nutrition publicity and education and health promotion activities, as well as business guidance and training on food safety risk monitoring, food-borne disease prevention and control and nutrition and health work in this area;

(six) the implementation of national and provincial nutrition improvement plans and programs, undertake the national nutrition plan and reasonable diet action to promote the implementation of related tasks, and carry out nutrition-related work such as the construction of nutrition policy standard system, the improvement of nutrition work ability, and the evaluation and improvement of nutrition health status;

(VII) Undertaking tasks related to the construction of nutrition monitoring system and information system, undertaking nutrition health assessment, carrying out nutrition health monitoring of different groups of people, cohort survey and food composition monitoring, and organizing special scientific research on nutrition and health foundation such as nutrient requirement research of residents with regional characteristics;

(eight) to carry out total diet research and food consumption survey;

(nine) to undertake other food safety and nutrition health work designated or assigned by the provincial health administrative department and the superior business organization;

(ten) to carry out guidance and training on food safety, nutrition and health related business work of disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels.

Article 5　Prefecture (city) level disease prevention and control institutions shall do a good job in food safety and nutrition and health, including:

(a) to undertake the food safety risk monitoring work in this area, and to be responsible for the collection, summary, analysis and quality control of monitoring data in this area;

(two) to participate in food safety risk assessment related work, to carry out food safety risk judgment;

(three) to carry out food safety and nutrition publicity and education and health promotion activities;

(four) to undertake the monitoring of food-borne diseases and the epidemiological investigation and sanitary treatment of food safety accidents in this area;

(five) to undertake or participate in the formulation and revision of local food safety standards, the filing management of food enterprise standards, the follow-up evaluation of food safety standards, publicity training, guidance and answers and other related work;

(VI) Implementing nutrition improvement plans and programs, implementing national nutrition plans and rational dietary actions, promoting the implementation of related tasks, participating in the formulation, revision and dissemination of nutrition policy standards, promoting the ability of nutrition work, evaluating and improving nutrition health status, building nutrition information systems, building and promoting nutrition health places, and participating in the investigation and disposal of major nutrition-related events;

(seven) to undertake nutrition monitoring and evaluation, to carry out nutrition and health monitoring of different groups, cohort survey and food composition monitoring, and to carry out special scientific research on nutrition and health of residents with regional characteristics;

(eight) to carry out total diet research and food consumption survey;

(nine) to undertake other food safety and nutrition health work assigned by the health administrative department at the prefecture (city) level and the superior business organization;

(ten) to carry out guidance and training on food safety, nutrition and health related business work of disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels.

Article 6　County (District) level disease prevention and control institutions shall do a good job in food safety and nutrition and health, including:

(a) to undertake the task of food safety risk monitoring, and to be responsible for the collection, summary and analysis of monitoring data in this area;

(two) to undertake the monitoring of food-borne diseases and the epidemiological investigation and sanitary treatment of food safety accidents in this area;

(three) to participate in the formulation and revision of local food safety standards, food enterprise standards filing management, food safety standards publicity training, follow-up evaluation, guidance and answer and other related work;

(four) to carry out publicity, education and promotion activities on food safety and nutrition health;

(5) Implementing nutrition improvement plans and programs, implementing national nutrition plans and rational dietary actions, promoting the implementation of related tasks, participating in the promotion of nutrition policy standards, the improvement of nutrition work ability, the evaluation and improvement of nutrition health status, the construction and promotion of nutrition health places, and participating in the investigation and disposal of major nutrition-related events;

(six) to undertake nutrition monitoring and evaluation and health guidance for residents, organize nutrition education and guidance for urban and rural residents, carry out nutrition health monitoring, cohort survey and food composition monitoring for different groups of people, and participate in the special basic investigation of nutrition;

(seven) to participate in the total diet research and food consumption survey;

(eight) to undertake other food safety and nutrition health work assigned by the county (district) level health administrative department and the superior business organization.

Article 7　Disease prevention and control institutions with national reference laboratories for food safety risk monitoring, national laboratories for etiological identification of food-borne diseases and key laboratories for nutrition and health (including iodine reference laboratories) shall undertake corresponding reference, identification, technical guidance and training.

Chapter III Food Pollution and Harmful FactorsMonitoring and risk assessment

Article 8　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, according to the food safety risk monitoring plan and monitoring scheme, complete monitoring work such as sampling, testing, data analysis and verification, data reporting, data verification and risk hidden danger report, and carry out corresponding quality management work. The monitoring data of food pollution and harmful factors shall be audited at different levels and reported step by step. If the monitoring results are analyzed and judged to have potential food safety hazards, the health administrative department at the same level and the superior business organization shall be reported in time.

Article 9　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall assist in the formulation and implementation of the monitoring plan in this area, undertake sample collection and index detection, and be responsible for the collection, collation, analysis and reporting of information; To carry out the technical capacity confirmation and quality management of the food safety risk monitoring laboratory, and submit the annual analysis summary report and quality management summary report of food safety risk monitoring; Responsible for the technical guidance, training and research of food safety risk monitoring in the area, and the promotion of appropriate technologies.

The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) level are responsible for assisting in the formulation and implementation of the monitoring plan in this area; Take charge of sample collection, index detection, data collection, summary, analysis, quality control, prediction and early warning of food pollution and harmful factors monitoring; Responsible for the technical guidance, training and research of food safety risk monitoring in the area, and the promotion of appropriate technologies.

County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions undertake the task of food safety risk monitoring, assist relevant departments to carry out food safety risk monitoring, and mainly undertake the work of sample collection, index detection, data collection, summary, analysis and quality control of food pollution and harmful factors monitoring; Conduct business training for risk monitoring staff.

Article 10　Disease prevention and control institutions undertaking risk monitoring tasks shall timely summarize and analyze food safety monitoring data to support the needs of risk assessment.

Article 11　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions to carry out the following food safety risk assessment and risk judgment related technical support work:

(a) according to the needs of local standards formulation and revision, food safety supervision and risk communication in this area, formulate an assessment plan, report it to the provincial health administrative department and the national competent business organization, carry out food safety risk assessment, and report the risk assessment results to the provincial health administrative department and the national competent business organization in a timely manner;

(2) When analyzing and judging the risk monitoring data, it is found that matters requiring risk assessment need to be carried out, and timely put forward technical opinions to the provincial health administrative department that suggest the country or its jurisdiction to implement risk assessment;

(three) according to the needs of local food safety risk management, with reference to the risk assessment technical guidelines to organize risk judgment;

(four) according to the results of food safety risk assessment of the country or its jurisdiction, combined with the pollution level and dietary characteristics of its jurisdiction, put forward suggestions on food safety risk management;

(five) responsible for the technical guidance, training and appropriate technology promotion of food safety risk assessment in this area;

(six) according to the needs of national and provincial risk assessment, to carry out food consumption survey, total diet research, food toxicology research, etc., to establish the work database in this area.

Article 12　Prefecture (city) level disease prevention and control institutions shall undertake the collection, summary, analysis, prediction and early warning of relevant data and information on risk assessment in their respective jurisdictions; County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions shall assist in collecting data and information related to food safety risk assessment according to the arrangement of superior business institutions.

Article 13　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall undertake the national food safety risk assessment task entrusted by the national competent business institutions, formulate the assessment technical scheme according to the characteristics of the assessment project, complete the risk assessment report within the prescribed time limit, and put forward risk management suggestions.

Chapter IV Food-borne Disease Monitoring Report andEpidemiological investigation of food safety accidents

Article 14　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, jointly with medical institutions, monitor, investigate and report food-borne diseases in their respective jurisdictions.

Article 15　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should establish a food-borne disease monitoring report management system, and determine the departments and personnel responsible for the food-borne disease monitoring report; To be responsible for reviewing, summarizing, analyzing and reporting the monitoring information submitted by medical institutions undertaking food-borne disease monitoring in this area; When food-borne clustering cases that may be related to food production and operation are found, they shall promptly report to the health administrative department at the same level and the superior business institutions (among them, the provincial disease prevention and control institutions report to the National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center).

Article 16　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions should assist in formulating and organizing the implementation of food-borne disease monitoring programs in their respective jurisdictions according to the national food-borne disease monitoring plan, and build a provincial food-borne disease monitoring traceability platform and database; To undertake and guide the laboratory inspection, result review and quality control of molecular typing and drug sensitivity test of bacteria (virus) strains in the jurisdiction; To undertake the identification, verification and reporting of food-borne cluster cases across the jurisdiction; Regularly analyze the basic situation of food-borne diseases in the jurisdiction and draft an annual analysis summary report; To carry out the guidance, training, research and popularization of food-borne disease monitoring and prevention and control technology in the jurisdiction.

Article 17　Prefecture (city) level disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for the implementation of food-borne disease monitoring programs in their respective jurisdictions, undertake the review of bacterial (virus) strains submitted by county (district) level disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions, and carry out laboratory tests and analysis such as molecular typing and drug sensitivity testing; To undertake the identification, verification and reporting of food-borne cluster cases across counties (districts) in the jurisdiction; Carry out technical guidance, training and promotion of food-borne disease prevention and control technology to disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions at the county (district) level in the jurisdiction.

Article 18　County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions shall be responsible for the implementation of food-borne disease monitoring programs in their respective jurisdictions, and undertake the collection, submission and specimen inspection of isolated bacteria (virus) strains in medical institutions in their respective jurisdictions; To undertake the identification, verification and reporting of food-borne clustering cases in the jurisdiction; Provide technical guidance and training to medical institutions in the jurisdiction.

Article 19　The principle of territorial management and graded responsibility shall be implemented in the monitoring and reporting of food-borne diseases. Food-borne disease monitoring information, laboratory test data and investigation reports shall be reviewed and reported at different levels as required.

Article 20　When information related to food safety is found in handling infectious diseases or other public health emergencies, food-borne diseases or food safety risk information shall be reported to the health administrative department at the same level and the superior business institutions in a timely manner.

Article 21　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant provisions, and in accordance with the requirements of the health administrative department at the same level, organize on-site health treatment and epidemiological investigation of food safety accidents, as well as training, drills, evaluation and research on the above work. Where the relevant food safety supervision and management departments need to cooperate in controlling the site and preserving samples, the disease prevention and control institutions shall report to the health administrative department at the same level for coordination.

Article 22　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, after the epidemiological investigation of food safety accidents is completed, submit an epidemiological investigation report to the food supervision and administration department and the health administrative department at the same level. If it is an outbreak of food-borne diseases, it shall report the epidemiological investigation information through the national food-borne disease outbreak monitoring system within 7 working days after the end of the investigation. To meet the requirements of public health emergencies related information reporting, according to the provisions of the disease prevention and control information system for network direct reporting.

Chapter V Technical Management of Food Safety Standards

Article 23　In accordance with the provisions of the "Three Decisions", local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels that have corresponding responsibilities or are entrusted by the health administrative department, in combination with the actual work of local disease prevention and control institutions, carry out technical management of local food safety standards, filing management of food enterprise standards, follow-up evaluation of food safety standards, training and guidance on food safety standards, and other related work.

Provincial disease prevention and control institutions undertake the technical management of local food safety standards, the filing management of food enterprise standards, the follow-up evaluation of food safety standards, the training and guidance of food safety standards, and undertake other tasks related to food safety standards assigned by provincial health administrative departments and superior business institutions.

The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) level shall undertake or participate in the formulation and revision of local food safety standards, the filing management of food enterprise standards, the follow-up evaluation of food safety standards, the training and guidance of food safety standards, and undertake other tasks related to food safety standards assigned by the health administrative department at the prefecture (city) level and the superior business institutions.

County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions participate in the formulation and revision of local food safety standards, the filing management of food enterprise standards, the follow-up evaluation of food safety standards, the training and guidance of food safety standards, and undertake other tasks related to food safety standards assigned by county (district) level health administrative departments and superior business institutions.

Article 24　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions participate in the formulation of local standards for food safety; Organize the implementation of local food safety standards project, public consultation, review, approval, filing and other technical management work; Timely release information on local food safety standards. To undertake the daily management responsibilities of the secretariat or secretariat office of the expert committee for the evaluation of local food safety standards, improve the management system, standardize the work flow, and organize the evaluation of local food safety standards. Disease prevention and control institutions at prefecture (city) and county (district) levels participate in soliciting opinions on local food safety standards, consulting on standards and other related work.

Article 25　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions, under the management of the health administrative department at the same level, participate in the formulation of the food enterprise standard filing management system and clarify the filing process and other requirements; Establish a filing information disclosure mechanism, and timely publish the filed standard information on relevant platforms for social supervision; Strengthen the standard technical service of food enterprises, and carry out filing consultation and post-filing management. The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) and county (district) levels shall undertake or assist the provincial level to carry out the filing work of food enterprise standards and provide filing consulting services according to the needs of the work.

Article 26　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall organize the follow-up evaluation of national and local standards for food safety, draw up a work plan or plan for the follow-up evaluation of national and local standards for food safety in their respective jurisdictions according to the work plan for the follow-up evaluation of national standards for food safety, and report it to the health administrative department at the same level for approval and organize its implementation. Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, in accordance with the requirements of the national and provincial food safety standards follow-up evaluation work plan or plan, organize the follow-up evaluation of food safety standards and complete various follow-up evaluation tasks. Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should strengthen coordination, combine the task of tracking and evaluating food safety standards with the implementation of food safety risk monitoring programs in their respective jurisdictions, reflect the implementation of standards through monitoring data, and provide scientific basis for timely revision of food safety standards. Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall timely grasp the implementation of food safety standards, scientifically analyze the problems existing in the implementation of food safety standards, put forward opinions and suggestions to solve the problems, and report the follow-up evaluation work to the health administrative department at the same level and the superior business institutions.

Article 27　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions undertake or participate in the formulation of food safety standards publicity and training work plan, strengthen the information construction of food safety standards, and provide services such as food safety standards inquiry, publicity and exchange. The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) and county (district) levels shall, according to the work requirements of the health administrative department at the same level and the publicity and training work plan of the superior business organization, formulate the implementation plan for the publicity and training of food safety standards at the same level and carry out related work.

Chapter VI National Nutrition PlanAnd reasonable diet action.

Article 28　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, under the leadership of the health administrative department at the same level, undertake the relevant tasks of promoting the implementation of the national nutrition plan and reasonable dietary action in their respective areas.

Article 29　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for promoting the implementation of the national nutrition plan and reasonable dietary action in their respective jurisdictions, strengthening the construction of nutrition and health standard system, improving nutrition work ability, evaluating and improving nutrition and health status, and carrying out related work such as the construction of nutrition and health information system, the construction and promotion of nutrition and health places, the guidance of nutrition and health work, the quality control of nutrition instructor training and the investigation and handling of major nutrition-related events.

Article 30　The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) level are responsible for promoting the implementation of the national nutrition plan and reasonable diet action in their respective areas, strengthening the improvement of nutrition work ability, the evaluation and improvement of nutrition and health status, and carrying out related work such as the construction of nutrition and health information system, the construction and promotion of nutrition and health places, the guidance and consultation of nutrition and health work, and the investigation and handling of major nutrition-related events.

Article 31　County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for promoting the implementation of the national nutrition plan and reasonable diet action in their respective jurisdictions, strengthening the improvement of nutrition work ability, evaluation and improvement of nutrition and health status, and carrying out related work such as the construction of nutrition and health places, guidance and consultation on nutrition and health work, and investigation and handling of major nutrition-related events.

Chapter VII Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Article 32　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall carry out their work according to the requirements of the project work plan for nutrition and health monitoring, cohort survey and food composition monitoring of different populations organized by the relevant competent departments of the National Health and Wellness Commission, and strictly implement quality control. Use the information platform to complete data collection, reporting and analysis in time, and regularly submit work reports to the health administrative department at the same level.

Article 33　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall formulate implementation plans and work requirements for nutrition and health monitoring, cohort investigation and food composition monitoring of different populations in their respective jurisdictions, be responsible for personnel training, organization and implementation, evaluation and quality control, and complete corresponding tasks. Participate in or undertake basic scientific research and appropriate technology promotion of nutrition health monitoring and evaluation.

Article 34　Prefecture (city) level disease prevention and control institutions to implement the on-site investigation, technical guidance, quality control and on-site staff training of residents’ nutritional health monitoring and evaluation in this area, and review and analyze the data; Implement the monitoring of food ingredients in the jurisdiction, and participate in the investigation of food resources, the collection of monitoring samples and the laboratory tests undertaken; Participate in basic scientific research on nutrition health monitoring and evaluation and the promotion of appropriate technologies.

Article 35　County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions shall set up working groups for nutritional health assessment of different groups of people, train investigators, cooperate with relevant departments to implement on-site investigation of nutritional health monitoring and assessment of residents in their respective jurisdictions, organize laboratory testing, strictly implement quality control, and implement food resource investigation, sample collection and index monitoring within their respective jurisdictions. Use information platform to input and report data in time, feedback survey results in time, and standardize the management of original monitoring and evaluation data.

Article 36　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should regularly form reports on the monitoring and evaluation of nutrition and health of residents in different regions and the monitoring of food composition, analyze and evaluate the nutrition and health status and food composition characteristics of residents in their jurisdictions, submit them to the health administrative department at the same level and relevant government departments, and submit them to the superior business institutions.

Article 37　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall undertake the national nutrition and health assessment task entrusted by the national competent business institutions, formulate the assessment technical scheme according to the characteristics of the assessment project, organize and carry out the research on the dietary nutrient requirements of residents with regional characteristics, provide technical support for scientific assessment, complete the monitoring and evaluation report within the prescribed time limit, and put forward suggestions on nutrition and health management.

Chapter VIII Food Safety and Nutrition and HealthScience popularization and health promotion work

Article 38　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should carry out the popularization and dissemination of standard knowledge and food-borne disease prevention and control knowledge, the communication of food safety risk assessment results, risk exchange and nutrition and health-related popular science propaganda work in accordance with the technical guidelines for food safety risk communication of the National Health and Wellness Commission and the requirements for food safety and nutrition and health publicity.

Article 39　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall be responsible for formulating provincial food safety and nutrition science popularization and health promotion work plans or programs and organizing their implementation; Carry out popular science education and dietary guidance on food safety and nutrition health, and set up a popular science education team at the same level; To be responsible for the formulation, organization and implementation of the provincial plan for the investigation of residents’ awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge, and to carry out training, data collation and reporting; Construct the communication system of food safety and nutrition risk in this area, set up and train professional talents, and do a good job in communication and training.

Prefecture (city) level disease prevention and control institutions shall be responsible for formulating municipal food safety and nutrition science education and health promotion work plans or programs and organizing their implementation; Carry out popular science education on food safety and nutrition and health, and set up a popular science education team at the same level; Responsible for the formulation, organization and implementation of the municipal plan for the investigation of residents’ nutrition and health knowledge, and carry out training, data collation and reporting.

County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions shall, in accordance with the work plan of food safety and nutrition science education and health promotion, carry out food safety and nutrition health science education and set up a science education team at the same level; To investigate the awareness rate of residents’ nutrition and health knowledge.

Article 40　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should pay attention to food safety and nutrition public opinion, collect information related to food safety and nutrition, analyze and judge, and report to the health administrative department at the same level in time and put forward opinions and suggestions.

Chapter IX Laboratory Capacity Building and Management

Article 41　In accordance with the relevant national laws and regulations, local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels set up professional laboratories matching their inspection functions, equipped with necessary personnel and equipment to ensure operating conditions, and provide technical support for food safety and nutrition health work within their respective jurisdictions and timely response to major food safety and nutrition accidents.

Article 42　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions are equipped according to local actual conditions and regional characteristics, and have the inspection ability of corresponding food physical and chemical, radiation, microorganism and certain toxicological indicators specified in the national food safety risk monitoring plan and food safety standards; It has a high level of inspection ability related to the epidemiological investigation of food-borne diseases, and can investigate, identify and trace the causes of unexplained food-borne diseases; It can provide technical guidance for lower-level disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions in this area.

Article 43　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall organize and carry out the comparison of inspection technical capabilities of food safety-related technical institutions in their respective jurisdictions. Should have the ability of laboratory testing related to nutrition and health monitoring and evaluation of human biochemical indicators and physical and chemical indicators of food components.

Article 44　The disease prevention and control institutions at the prefecture (city) level shall have the ability to test the physical, chemical and microbial indexes of common foods specified in the national food safety risk monitoring plan and food safety standards; Should have nutrition and health monitoring and evaluation of common human biochemical indicators and physical and chemical indicators of food ingredients related laboratory testing capabilities; It has the general inspection ability related to the epidemiological investigation of food-borne diseases, and can screen and identify the causes of outbreaks of important food-borne diseases, and conduct drug resistance detection and molecular typing of food-borne pathogens; It can provide technical guidance for county (district) level disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions in this area.

Article 45　County (district) level disease prevention and control institutions should have the ability to solve the physical and chemical and microbial problems of common foods in the region; Being able to test the routine indicators specified in the national food safety risk monitoring plan; It has the basic inspection ability of food-borne disease epidemiological investigation, can collect samples and screen the causes of food-borne disease outbreaks, and can inspect and identify common food-borne pathogens; Can provide technical guidance for medical institutions in this area.

Article 46　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall establish their own food safety and quality management system and ensure its effective operation, and participate in the quality control assessment and comparison organized by superior business institutions as required. The superior business institutions regularly carry out technical training and result verification, quality control assessment, technical supervision and other quality evaluation work for the subordinate institutions. Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should establish and improve the biosafety management system of their pathogenic microorganism laboratories, regularly check the implementation of the biosafety management system of laboratories, strengthen personnel training, and ensure the biosafety of laboratories. Newly-built laboratories, if there are pathogenic microorganism projects, shall be approved or put on record according to law.

Article 47　The national reference laboratory for food safety risk monitoring, the national laboratory for etiological identification of food-borne diseases and the iodine reference laboratory shall carry out inspection method development and technical training activities; Develop quality control products; Regularly organize the comparison of quality control assessment and result verification; Organize technical supervision and work quality evaluation of institutions undertaking tasks in related fields.

Chapter X Safeguard Measures

Article 48　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, according to their responsibilities, tasks, geographical location, serving population and other factors, rationally allocate corresponding professional and management personnel, and equip them with instruments and equipment suitable for their work functions. Local health administrative departments at all levels should provide support and guarantee for disease prevention and control institutions to carry out food safety and nutrition and health work, ensure that local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels perform their duties smoothly, and ensure the smooth development of food safety and nutrition and health work.

Article 49　Provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall set up an expert group composed of professionals related to food safety and nutrition and health, such as nutrition and food hygiene, epidemiology, food inspection, radiation hygiene, health education, toxicology, etc., to undertake professional training, business guidance, social consultation, publicity and education, etc. Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, according to the needs of work, formulate plans for personnel training and team building of food safety and nutrition health, strengthen education and training, and continuously improve the political quality and professional level of food safety and nutrition health staff.

Article 50　Epidemiological investigators of food safety accidents are responsible for carrying out epidemiological investigations of food-borne diseases, and can enter relevant edible agricultural products cultivation and breeding places, food production and business premises and collective feeding and dining units to collect samples and collect relevant data according to law.

Article 51　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, under the organization and coordination of the health administrative department at the same level, establish a smooth and effective linkage mechanism between food safety and nutrition and health with all relevant units, and hold regular work consultations.

Article 52　Local disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall establish and improve the evaluation system of food safety and nutrition health, and organize the investigation of food safety and nutrition health in a timely manner.

Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

Article 53　The provincial health administrative department may, according to the actual work, formulate and implement the specific provisions of these rules in conjunction with the disease control administrative department.

Article 54　These rules shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

Schedule: 1. Suggested list of laboratory instruments and equipment.

　　　2. Suggested list of on-site equipment for nutrition investigation

(The above schedule is omitted, please visit the website of the National Health and Wellness Commission for details.)

Original shichao bad review

Yesterday, Bing ushered in a super heavy update.

Apart from other details of the update, a comprehensive open beta is enough.

This means that you only need to register a Microsoft account to use Bing Chat.

In this way, I’m afraid Bing is the biggest language model with the lowest usage threshold at present.

In addition to the open beta, other updates are also very exciting. Before you rush to experience it, you can find out what new tricks Microsoft has made this time.

The world super here, for everyone to sum up as follows:

1. Multi-modal content and text mapping.

2. Historical record function.

3. Open plug-in access.

4, and a bunch of ultra-practical small functions.

It should be noted that at present, not all functions are open, so I will introduce them to you one by one.

First of all, it is the first update: graphic and multimodal content.

Although Microsoft launched Wencheng Map before, it has updated more than 100 languages this time, and now you can directly ask Bing to help you generate pictures in Chinese.

If you want to experience the latest pictures, you need to adjust the dialogue style to be "more creative". After that, just click and ask.

However, after the experience of Shichao, I feel that Bing’s Wen Chengtu is still almost interesting.

Because Bing is connected to DALL·E, the generated pictures may be good before. However, compared with midjourney and Stable Diffusion, which are now popular, it’s not enough. .

Moreover, although Chinese input is supported, the understanding of Chinese in Bing drawing is almost unknown.

When Shi Chao asked a classic "braised lion head", Bing really brought me a plate of lion head. .

If we look closely, we will find that it translates "lion’s head" into "lion’s head"

Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish painted real squirrels and real fish. .

But Shichao soon discovered that it was not that Bing couldn’t draw. .

If we ask it to translate the input into English, it will understand that the lion’s head is not a lion, but a pork ball.

After the translation is in place, there is nothing wrong with the generated picture.

From this point of view, Bing’s own Chinese understanding should be no problem.

However, Wenchengtu is based on Bing image creator, a Microsoft painting platform, which may have translated Chinese literally when drawing.

After trying Wenchengtu, we are only halfway through the first big update. Visually, Bing has another highlight this time, which is its multimodal content.

When we ask a question, the related pictures will be displayed below the text results. In this way, the results can be displayed very intuitively, saving the time of going in and watching one by one.

Also asked "Braised Lion Head", Bing’s answer was completely correct, and even introduced the practice of this dish.

Shichao thought it would be convenient to use this image output function to find expression packs.

In addition to pictures, Bing’s multimodal mode also supports video output. Moreover, when we move the mouse to the video cover, we can also preview and play it online.

After that, not only the output content supports multimodal, but also the input can be uploaded with pictures.

What can be experienced at present is almost the first big update. Because of the following contents, most of them are not open to the public yet.

Although I can’t get started yet, from the demonstration video, it seems that they are the real highlights.

For example, the second updated history function can take the conversation experience to the next level.

Every time we ask questions, we will be saved in the guide on the right. Click on the question to jump to the corresponding location.

Moreover, after clicking on the answer link, Bing Chat will shrink to the side and become a page sidebar.

This small change is quite convenient. For example, if we import a PDF, we can use Bing to help you summarize, find words and translate.

In addition, Bing will also support long conversations. Even if we quit and close the chat interface halfway, the conversation will remain. Next time you click in, you can continue from the last place.

Chat content will also support exporting and sharing, and can be shared with friends on social media with one click, or imported into applications such as Word.

If the second update is to make it more convenient for users.

The third major update, which is also the most likely function of Shichao-plug-in, is to make Bing super-evolve.

The official example says that he is about to access the takeaway platform OpenTable. This means that in a word, you can ask Bing to recommend a restaurant for you, or make a direct restaurant reservation.

If you can access other platforms in the future, you may be able to stimulate stronger functions. For example, by accessing a map, you can make a route according to your own needs.

In addition, Microsoft will build a development platform to let more people participate in the development of plug-ins.

If this road goes on, it will be more than just the work done by search engines in the past.

In addition to the above three major updates, Microsoft also showed a lot of practical small functions, such as asking Bing to find a movie for you, and after finding it, you can jump and play it directly.

The mobile version will support page context questions, for example, if you are browsing an article or a website, you can ask Bing questions about what you are browsing, and it can also answer them.

Or write a manuscript directly on the Bing page and tell it the tone, length and wording you want.

I got so cruel that I even lost my job in Microsoft 365. .

Generally speaking, this update of Bing shows the ambition of this search engine.

That is: what search engines can do, I want to do my best, and what search engines can’t do before, I want to steal it now.

Moreover, in the official blog, Microsoft said that Bing’s daily activities have exceeded 100 million, and the daily installation of APP has increased fourfold.

In addition, the share of Edge continues to grow for 8 consecutive years, and various functions are updated and added, and third-party plug-ins supplement Bing.

Establishing a new Microsoft ecosystem may, indeed, be just around the corner.

Although many functions are not online yet, the next update is not far away. Because according to the feedback uploaded by users, Microsoft will make updates and changes every week.

Although very unkind, I really miss @ Google at this moment.

Brother, others have gone to the next Level. What about yours?

Written by: Four Editors: Jiang Jiang & Noodle Cover: Xuan Xuan

Pictures and data sources:

Twitter

Announcing the next wave of AI innovation with Microsoft Bing and Edge

Original title: "NewBing suddenly opened up in an all-round way, and also updated the functions of a bunch of dead friends. 》

Read the original text

　　[Technology] Cars have become an indispensable part of our lives. The combination of steering wheel+shift lever+pedal seems to have become a natural way to control cars, but their respective mechanisms are rarely understood. Take the steering wheel in our hands as an example, the majority of riders are still vague about the common concepts of various steering systems, such as "the difference with hydraulic power" and "what is the variable power", and so on. Below, we will systematically introduce various common steering systems, answer these questions, and discuss the mysteries and mysteries of various steering systems with you.

　　Because of the long space, this paper introduces our most common system now, interprets "where does the power come from" and introduces the classification of power steering system.

　　Power steering, as its name implies, is to resist steering resistance by increasing external force, so that drivers can complete steering with less force. It is also called power steering. It was originally designed to make some large vehicles with heavy weight operate more easily, but now it has become very popular. It makes driving easier and easier, and makes vehicles more agile and improves safety to some extent. Power steering can be divided into two categories according to the different sources of power-hydraulic power and electric power.

●

　　The origin of hydraulic power steering can be traced back to February, 1902. Frederick W. Lanchester of Britain invented "Cause the steering mechanism to be actuated by hydraulic power", that is, the hydraulic driving steering mechanism. After that, inventors in the United States and Canada successively registered patents for similar inventions. In automobile production, the commercial production of hydraulic power steering system was first realized, and it was named Hydraguide hydraulic steering system, and it was installed on Chrysler’s sixth generation Imperial in 1951. With the development of technology, the steering system with electronic pump instead of mechanical pump appears, so the current hydraulic power is mainly divided into mechanical hydraulic power and electronic hydraulic power. In addition, the electronic servo hydraulic power steering system is derived from the mechanical hydraulic power.

　　Let’s look at the main principle of mechanical hydraulic power steering, which is based on mechanical rack-and-pinion steering mechanism, and adds a whole set of hydraulic system, including liquid storage tank, hydraulic booster pump, mechanical valve connected with steering column, hydraulic cylinder on steering mechanism and the one that can push steering rod, etc.

　　The hydraulic pump provided by mechanical power steering is driven by a belt, which means that the steering pump can only run when the engine is running, which is why the steering wheel power disappears after the engine is turned off. On the steering machine, there is a mechanical valve that can rotate with the steering column. When the steering wheel does not rotate left and right, the pressure in the chambers on both sides of the piston is consistent and in a balanced state. When the steering wheel rotates, the mechanical valve connected to the steering column will be opened or closed accordingly, and the oil on one side will return directly to the oil storage tank without passing through the hydraulic cylinder, and the oil on the other side will continue to be injected into the hydraulic cylinder, so that the pressure difference between the two sides of the piston will be pushed under the action of hydraulic force, and then the auxiliary force will be generated to push the steering rod to steer the wheels, which greatly reduces the force required for us to turn the steering wheel.

　　Another advantage of hydraulic power steering system is to improve comfort and safety. When the wheels jump violently and the tires turn involuntarily when encountering potholes, the vibration can be well buffered and absorbed by the action of hydraulic pressure on the piston, which greatly reduces the vibration transmitted to the steering wheel. At the same time, this structure also improves the safety. For example, when a vehicle using the traditional rack-and-pinion mechanism turns, the tire suddenly changes direction when it encounters a pothole, and the rack will drive the gear to reverse the steering wheel, resulting in the situation of "beater", which is easy to hurt the driver’s hand, so there will be no such problem in a hydraulically assisted vehicle.

　　Mechanical hydraulic booster features:The whole system is a mechanical structure, from the mechanical hydraulic pump driven by the belt to the hydraulic mechanical valve body on the steering column, without any electronic system, with mature and stable technology, high reliability and wide application range. Even if the hydraulic system of the vehicle fails and loses power, it can still rely on the traditional rack and pinion mechanism for steering. Disadvantages are complex structure, large space occupation and high manufacturing cost, which also makes the maintenance difficult and costly. And because the hydraulic pump is driven by the engine belt, it will consume part of the power of the engine, which will affect the fuel economy and the power of the vehicle, especially for small-displacement vehicles with relatively weak power. In addition, the strength of the mechanical hydraulic power-assisted system is not adjustable, so it is difficult to take into account the different requirements for pointing accuracy when driving at low speed and high speed.

● Electro-hydraulic booster

　　The so-called Electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS for short) has exactly the same principle as mechanical hydraulic power steering, but the biggest difference from mechanical hydraulic power steering is that instead of using a hydraulic pump driven by an engine through a belt, it is replaced by an electric pump.

　　The advantages of electro-hydraulic power assist are firstly reflected in energy consumption. First, the electronic pump driven by electric energy uses the electric energy output by the generator and the battery, and no longer consumes the power of the engine itself. The start and stop of the electronic pump are all controlled by the electronic system. When it is not steering, the electronic pump is turned off, unlike the mechanical hydraulic power assist pump, which is always linked with the engine, further reducing energy consumption.

　　Secondly, the electronic control unit of the electro-hydraulic power steering system can change the power of steering assistance by processing the information of sensors such as speed sensor, lateral acceleration sensor and steering angle sensor, and changing the flow rate of the electronic pump in real time, that is, the function of variable power assistance with speed. Of course, it is not only the electro-hydraulic power assist that can realize the variable power assist with speed. We will introduce various "variable" power assist steering systems in detail in later articles.

　　Electro-hydraulic power assist has been gradually popularized since the late 1990s, and brands such as,,,,, and have models using electro-hydraulic power assist system. We are familiar with, and other models use such a system.

"Triumph, old models and other models use electro-hydraulic power."

　　Why can’t electro-hydraulic assist replace mechanical hydraulic assist?

　　No matter from the aspects of technology, function or economy, electro-hydraulic power assistance has more advantages than mechanical hydraulic power assistance. However, at present, electro-hydraulic power assistance has not been able to replace mechanical hydraulic power assistance for the following reasons:

　　1. The cost of electro-hydraulic booster is higher. Compared with the mechanical hydraulic power-assisted system, after adding the electronic control system and replacing it with the electronic pump, the manufacturing cost of electronic hydraulic power-assisted system is higher, the technology is more complicated, and the difficulty and cost of maintenance are also increased.

　　2. The reliability is not as good as that of mechanical hydraulic booster. In addition to the failure of steering mechanism and hydraulic mechanism, electro-hydraulic power assist also increases the possibility of electrical system failure, so its reliability is not as good as that of traditional hydraulic power assist system.

　　3. The assistance is limited. Although the use of electronic pump has obvious advantages, it needs to be driven by the electric energy of the generator, and the vehicle-mounted generator itself and the maximum current it can provide are limited, so the power of the electronic pump is also limited, and the load it can carry is also limited. Therefore, at present, most of the models that use electro-hydraulic power are medium-sized vehicles. For vehicles that need greater assistance, the electro-hydraulic assistance system is beyond the reach.

　　4. Evolved mechanical hydraulic booster system. With the development of technology, the variable speed function of electro-hydraulic power-assisted system has been realized on the evolved mechanical hydraulic power-assisted system (using solenoid valve body technology), and even a variable speed ratio system has been derived from the mechanical hydraulic power-assisted steering system, so the mechanical hydraulic power-assisted system with higher reliability and load-bearing capacity is still welcomed by manufacturers.

　　BEIJING, March 1st (Xinhua)-On the 1st, at the press conference on the theme of "Authoritative Department Begins" held by the State Council Office, Jin Zhuanglong, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology would anchor the strategic goals of manufacturing power, network power and digital China, take digital technology innovation breakthrough and application expansion as the main direction, and increase the integrated development of informationization and industrialization. Generally speaking, it is mainly in three aspects: one is the network platform, the other is the digital industry, and the other is the integrated development.

　　The first aspect is to solidly promote the construction of network infrastructure. China has built the world’s largest and technologically advanced network infrastructure, with Gigabit access capacity covering all prefecture-level cities. This year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will further implement the construction of Gigabit cities. Not long ago, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a Gigabit City Summit Forum to guide all localities and enterprises to speed up construction investment and accelerate the deep coverage of 5G and Gigabit optical networks. Study and formulate an action plan for the development of computing infrastructure and strengthen the construction of industrial Internet infrastructure.

　　The second aspect is to accelerate the development of the core industries of the digital economy. In 2022, China’s electronic information manufacturing industry achieved an operating income of 15.4 trillion yuan, and the software business income reached 10.8 trillion yuan, which laid a solid industrial and technical foundation for the integrated development of informationization and industrialization. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will accelerate the development of emerging digital industries such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, cloud computing and network security, guide and support enterprises to increase investment in research and development, and improve the industrial level of communication equipment, core electronic components and ultra-high definition display. Promote the high-quality development of integrated circuits and industrial software industries. Build characteristic software colleges with high standards and create a number of famous software parks in China.

　　The third aspect is to vigorously promote the digital transformation of manufacturing industry. Study and formulate a roadmap for digital transformation of key industries and cultivate a number of digital transformation benchmarks. Promote the 5G Sailing Action Plan, deepen the integrated application of "5G+ Industrial Internet", promote the popularization and application of industrial Internet to industrial parks, and build a number of 5G fully connected factories. We will implement the smart manufacturing partner program and standard pilot actions, build a number of world-leading smart factories and smart supply chains, and develop new models and formats such as service-oriented manufacturing.

Investigation report on "4 12" major road traffic accident in Lianyungang section of Lianhuo Expressway　

2018 April 12, 2008 A major road traffic accident occurred in Lianyungang section of Lianhuo Expressway, Jiangsu Province, causing 8 deaths, 1 serious injury and 36 minor injuries, and the direct economic loss was about 7.42 million yuan.

After the accident, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to it, and Comrade members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and Liu He, Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China made important instructions. Li Wei, Vice Minister of Public Security, instructed to find out the reasons and cooperate with the aftermath. Fei Gaoyun, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, secretary of the Political and Legal Committee, vice governor, Liu Yang, vice governor and director of the Public Security Department, and leaders of Lianyungang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government respectively gave instructions, demanding that all efforts be made to rescue the wounded, thoroughly investigate the cause of the accident and do a good job in the aftermath.

According to the Law on Safety in Production, the Law on Road Traffic Safety and the Regulations on Reporting, Investigation and Handling of Production Safety Accidents (Order No.493 of the State Council) and other laws and regulations, Lianyungang Municipal People’s Government has established the Lianyungang Section of Lianhuo Expressway "4", which is led by the Municipal Public Security Bureau and attended by the Municipal Transportation Bureau, the Safety Supervision Bureau and the Federation of Trade Unions.·12 "A large road traffic accident investigation team (hereinafter referred to as the accident investigation team) carried out accident investigation, and the accident investigation team also invited the Municipal Supervision Committee to participate.

According to the principles of "four no-misses" and "scientific rigor, compliance with laws and regulations, seeking truth from facts and paying attention to practical results", the accident investigation team found out the process, causes, casualties and direct economic losses of the accident through on-site inspection, investigation and evidence collection, identified the nature and responsibility of the accident, put forward suggestions on handling the responsible personnel and units, and put forward accident prevention and prevention according to the causes and outstanding problems exposed. The relevant situation is now reported as follows:

One,Basic situation

(a) the accident vehicle situation

1.Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus: the model of this car is Jinlong brand XMQ6129FYD 3A, Xiamen Jinlong United Automobile Industry Co., Ltd., the vehicle factory date is October 11, 2012, the vehicle identification code is LA 6A 1LAP7CB400117, and the engine number is 1412G02096. It belongs to the vehicle type published in the Announcement of Vehicle Manufacturers and Products announced by the National Development and Reform Commission, and the vehicle type announcement number is 20110310000740. The first registration date of this vehicle is October 26th, 2012. The registration authority is the Traffic Police Detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, Henan Province. The vehicle registration owner is Henan Centrino Automobile Travel Service Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Centrino Company), with 57 passengers on board, and the use nature is tourist passenger transport. The inspection is valid until April 30, 2018, and the motor vehicle status: normal. 63 historical violations have been dealt with. Insurance situation: Sunshine Insurance Company has insured compulsory insurance, car damage insurance, spontaneous combustion insurance, glass insurance, three liability insurance (2 million), passenger liability insurance on board (56 million per accident), and passenger liability insurance on board (1 million).

The actual owners of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus are Cui Ying (male, 54 years old, ID number: 34212419640117511, No.15 Cuilou Natural Village, Sanli Administrative Village, Xiyang Town, Guoyang County, Anhui Province) and Zhang Huilei (male, 34 years old, ID number: 341223198408190516, Chengxi Town, Guoyang County, Anhui Province). After buying a car, it signed an operation contract with Centrino Company on October 22, 2012. The vehicle was registered under the name of Centrino Company, and Centrino Company handled the operation procedures and unified management, and collected management fees every month. Later, Zhang Huilei privately sold part of his shares in the car to Ding Peifeng, liuyong and Liu Xicheng. On August 6, 2015, Cui Ying and Zhang Huilei signed a joint venture agreement with Huangyan Luqiao Liushi Team (hereinafter referred to as the Team, which is described in detail below). After the agreement is signed, the original owner will no longer participate in the vehicle operation. On May 1, 2016, Feng Yong (male, ID number: 341224197406029878, 132-9-23 Mengfu Road, Chengguan Town, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province) signed a contract agreement with the motorcade. At the time of the incident, the actual control operator of Yu AE4555 bus was Feng Yong.　

On October 26th, 2012, the vehicle was evaluated in terms of vehicle technical grade, with the type grade being large and the technical grade being first grade. Meet the standards for operating inter-provincial and inter-city non-fixed-line tourist passenger transport. On November 5, 2012, the vehicle handled the Business License of Henan Province Road Non-alignment Tourist Passenger Transport Area, with the license number: Yu Tourist Passenger Transport Xuzi 0011250; On November 30, 2012, the vehicle was issued with a Road Transport Certificate, the number of which was Zheng Zi 410101029623. Business scope: inter-provincial chartered passenger transport, inter-city chartered passenger transport, inter-county chartered passenger transport and intra-county chartered passenger transport.

After verification, the registration, inspection and insurance of the vehicle meet the requirements; The road transport license is legal and valid.

2.Su G391E8 minibus: The model of this car is Honda DHW6483T5ASE, the date of production is December 8, 2017, the vehicle identification code is LVHTG5834J5010239, and the engine number is 1028307. The vehicle model published in the Announcement of Vehicle Manufacturers and Products announced by the National Development and Reform Commission was first registered on January 10, 2018. The registration authority was the Traffic Police Detachment of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau, Jiangsu Province. The registered owner was Chen Haoran, and the use nature was non-operating, with 5 people on board. The inspection is valid until January 31, 2020, and the motor vehicle status is illegal and unprocessed (there are two illegal records, 1 case has been processed and the other case has not been processed). Insurance situation: People’s Property Insurance Company covers compulsory insurance and three liability insurance (1 million), and the liability insurance for personnel on board is limited to 10,000 (5 persons) per seat.

　After verification, the registration, inspection and insurance of the vehicle meet the requirements.

(two) the driver of the accident vehicle

1.The driver of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus: Shao Dandan, male, 33 years old, born on June 1, 1985, ID number: 341223198506010734, household registration address: No.66, Huang Zhuang Natural Village, Huang Zhuang Administrative Village, Chengdong Street, Guoyang County, Anhui Province, driver’s license number: 341223198506010734, file number: 344. The issuing authority is the Traffic Police Detachment of Bozhou Public Security Bureau, Anhui Province. On November 15th, 2004, it applied for E-license for the first time. On June 7th, 2007, it added the quasi-driving model to B2E, and on May 20th, 2014, it added the quasi-driving model to A1E. The verification is valid until November 15, 2020. The driver’s license is in normal condition, and there are 13 historical illegal records, all of which have been processed.

Shao Dandan’s qualification category is road passenger and general cargo transport driver, with the qualification certificate number of 3416010030013013181, the initial issuance date: June 22, 2007, the issuance date after renewal: April 13, 2013, and the validity period: April 13, 2019.　

After verification, the driver Shao Dandan’s driver’s license application and verification is legal and valid; The road transport qualification certificate is legal and valid. Suffered minor injuries in the accident.

2.Driver of Su G391E8 minibus: Chen Haoran, male, 30 years old, driver’s license number: 32070319880226201X, born on February 26, 1988, Liandao Town, Lianyun District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, quasi-driving model: C1, issuing authority, traffic police detachment of Lianyungang City Public Security Bureau, Jiangsu Province, and the date of first obtaining the license: March 12, 2010. The validity period of verification is March 12, 2026, and the driver’s license is normal.

After verification, the application and verification of driver Chen Haoran’s driver’s license are legal and valid. Be injured in this accident.　

(3) Accident road conditions　　

The incident road section is located at K61+250-300 of Lianhuo Expressway (No.G30). In 1998, Lianxu Expressway was established by the State Planning Commission in document No.327 [1998] and approved by document No.1603 [1998]. The Ministry of Communications approved the preliminary design in document No.640 [1998] and the State Planning Commission in document No.1636 [1998]. Lianxu Expressway is a section in Jiangsu Province, which is the national trunk line from Lianyungang to Horgos (G30). It starts from Dagang Road in Lianyungang and ends at the junction of Jiangsu and Anhui in Xuzhou City, with a total length of 236.784km and a design speed of 120 km/h. The design load of bridges and culverts is standard car-super 20 and trailer-120, and the subgrade is 28.0m wide, with four lanes in both directions, and the whole interchange is fully enclosed. The road design unit of the incident section is the First Highway Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Communications, the design unit of traffic safety facilities is Xi ‘an Highway Research Institute, the construction unit of traffic safety facilities is Nanjing Highway Protection Facilities Engineering Company, the supervision unit is Jiangsu Weixin Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., and the construction unit is Jiangsu Expressway Construction Headquarters. The incident road section is located at K61+250-300, which started construction at the end of 1998 and was completed in October 2001. On November 18-19, 2001, Jiangsu Provincial Communications Department and Jiangsu Provincial Expressway Command organized the handover acceptance, and the project quality grade was excellent. After acceptance, it was delivered to Jiangsu Lianxu Expressway Co., Ltd. for operation.It passed the completion acceptance in November 2003. Since the operation of Lianxu Expressway, Jiangsu Lianxu Expressway Co., Ltd. has invested sufficient maintenance funds every year in accordance with the maintenance technical specifications and related systems, actively adopted advanced technology to carry out preventive and periodic maintenance of roads, and maintained the MQI value of highways at an excellent level all the year round.

The plane alignment of the incident road section is designed as a straight line, with longitudinal slope of 0.8% (uphill), transverse slope of 2%, asphalt concrete pavement, The pavement cross-section layout is: 0.75m (marginal strip)+3.5m (emergency lane)+3.75m (second lane)+3.75m (first lane)+0.75m (median)+3.5m (median)+0.75m (first lane). M (emergency lane)+0.75m (marginal strip), with a total subgrade width of 28m. There are white single solid lines at the emergency lane and the median, and white dotted lines between the first lane and the second lane. Corrugated beam guardrails are set on both sides of the median, and Chinese juniper is planted in the middle. The guardrail in the incident section was built during the construction period, and the construction time was May 2001. According to the recent inspection report on the pavement technical condition of Lianxu Expressway, the pavement performance index (PQI) of this section is maintained at an excellent level.

After verification, the technical indicators of the incident road section meet the requirements of relevant standards and specifications; There have been no road traffic accidents in this section in the past three years, and no safety hazards have been found on this road.

(4) Weather conditions at the time of the incident

When the accident happened, the weather at the scene was light rain. According to the meteorological certificate of Lianyungang Meteorological Bureau, from 15: 00 to 17: 00 on April 12, the maximum wind speed was 3.4 m/s, and the occurrence time was 16: 00; The rainfall from 15: 00 to 17: 00 is 6.5 mm, of which the rainfall from 15: 00 to 16: 00 is 3.5 mm and the rainfall from 16: 00 to 17: 00 is 3.0 mm..　

Upon verification, the road surface was wet, and there was no water, no fog and no obstructions that affected the line of sight.　

(five) the accident related units.

　1.Centrino company. The company was established on February 6, 2007, with the industrial and commercial registration number of 410105100081185, the enterprise credit code of 91410103799151706P, the company type is a limited liability company (invested or controlled by natural persons), the registration authority is Zhengzhou Erqi District Administration for Industry and Commerce and Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, and the enterprise address is Room 1401, 14th floor, Block B, olive city Metropolitan Plaza, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City. Legal representative: Zhang Jing (female, ID number: 410103198301227004, No.29, Building 3, Yard 6, Min ‘an Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City), business scope: chartered passenger transport, tourist passenger information consultation, car rental, business period: February 6, 2007 to February 5, 2022. In June 2011, Feng Xianfeng (female, ID number: 410103195910231021, domicile: Room 189, 20th floor, Unit 2, Building 1, Fu Garden Community, University South Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, and current address: Room 102, Unit 2, Building 7, No.158, Southeast Road, Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City) and Zheng Yueming (male, ID number: 4123231966. Domicile: No.29, Building 3, Courtyard 6, Min ‘an Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, and current address: Donghu, Floor 6, Unit 2, Building 4, No.158, Chengdong South Road, Guanchenghui District, Zhengzhou City) each invested 500,000 yuan to acquire all the shares of the company, and the legal representative is Feng Xianfeng (Feng Xianfeng and Zheng Yueming are half-sisters).At the beginning of 2016, the legal representative was changed to his daughter Zhang Jing, and Zheng Yueming was the leader and general manager of the safety production leading group of Centrino Company, who was fully responsible for the daily management and operation of the company.

2.Anhui Mengcheng "Luqiao Huangyan Liushi motorcade". According to verification, the motorcade was not registered in the industrial and commercial department. In 2014, it was composed of the vehicle operators of Luyi (Zhoukou, Henan)-Luqiao (Taizhou, Zhejiang)-Liushi (Yueqing, Zhejiang)-Fuding (Ningde, Fujian) line and Guoyang (Bozhou, Anhui)-Huangyan (Taizhou, Zhejiang)-Shishi (Quanzhou, Fujian) line through consultation, and Wang Bo (male, ID number: 3416222) who operated vehicles on both lines was selected. The office is located in Mengcheng County, Anhui Province. There are 25 buses in the convoy, including 7 buses, including Anhui S59743 (blue brand), Anhui SWW101 (blue brand), Anhui SM9101 (blue brand), Shanghai C40608 (yellow card), Shanghai C41345 (yellow card), Zhejiang J3702H (blue brand) and Zhejiang JH739Y (blue brand). The remaining 18 buses are large buses, which are registered for road passenger transport and tourist passenger transport. See the table below for relevant information:

2016 May 1, 2008 Feng Yong signed a contract agreement with the motorcade, and the motorcade handed over 25 buses, including accident cars, to Feng Yong for operation at a price of 6.6 million yuan per year. The contract period was from May 1, 2016 to April 30, 2019. At the time of the incident, the actual control operator of Yu AE4555 bus was Feng Yong, and Feng Yong hired Fu Dayong (male, ID number: 341224197512033010, No.93-1, Zhongxin Street, Shuangjian Town, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province), one of the shareholders, Feng Li (male, ID number: 34122319740501116), to be in charge of vehicle and driver scheduling.

Second,The accident process and emergency treatment.

(1) The course of the accident

2018 April 10, 2008 fiveAt about 30: 00, Shao Dandan got the passenger car license plate numbered "Yuyunbaozi 0265873" from the office of Feng Yong, and the destination was "Zhengzhou-Liushi" passing through Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Rizhao, Weifang, Guoyang, Mengcheng and other places (afterwards, it was found that the license plate of the passenger car was forged, which was purchased by Feng Li through the social "scalper" Li Dengchao in Guoyang County, Anhui Province with 50 yuan money, after the incident. Drive Yu AE4555 bus to meet people at Mengdie Square in Mengcheng County, Anhui Province, and prepare to visit Shandong Shenghong Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shenghong Company) in Weifang, Shandong Province.

sevenAt about 30: 00, Shao Dandan drove Yu AE4555 bus (with 57 passengers on board) and a group of 45 people including Zhang Kun (male, ID number: 341224197811056896, No.72, lingshan village Zhangzhuang, Xiaojian Town, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province, franchisee and salesman of Shenghong Company Anhui Branch, operating Xiaojian Town Pharmacy in Mengcheng County), and left for Mengdie Square. At about 16: 30 on the same day, I arrived at Shenghong Medical Company and stopped for about 1 hour. Then I drove to Super Eight Hotel on Shengli Road to check in. After that, I drove to a restaurant 2 kilometers away and parked my car in the hotel parking lot.

four November 11 th sevenAt about 10: 00, Shao Dandan took a taxi to the hotel parking lot, drove to the hotel to take 45 people from Zhang Kun and his party to visit Shenghong Company, and returned to the restaurant for dinner before 14: 00, and then drove the passengers to the hotel for rest. At about 18 o’clock, I drove the passengers to the hotel for dinner. After that, I sent the passengers back to the hotel to stay, and then I sent the car to the hotel parking lot.

four December 12 sevenAt about 10: 00, Shao Dandan drove to pick up passengers, entered Qingyin Expressway from Weifang West, passed G15 Shenhai Expressway, and arrived at Lianyungang Liandao Scenic Area at about 13: 00. During the period, Shao Dandan ate instant noodles on the bus. At 14: 30, he drove the bus from Liandao, then drove into G30 Lianhuo Expressway, rested in Jinping Mountain Service Area, and the passengers ate for about 20 minutes. At 15: 30, he started from the service area and drove from east to west along Lianhuo Expressway to Xuzhou. At 15: 50, he arrived at K61+250-300. Shao Dandan drove Yu AE4555 Jinlong bus through the central guardrail and collided with Su G391E8 Honda minibus (with 4 passengers) driven by Chen Haoran, Liandao Town, Lianyun District, Lianyungang City from west to east, resulting in 8 deaths (6 of them died on the way to the hospital, 2 died after being rescued on the same day and the next day respectively), 1 serious injury and 36 minor injuries.

(2) Emergency handling situation

1.Alarm and response

2018 April 12, 2008 16At 10: 00, the 110 Command Center of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau received an alarm that a bus collided with an off-road vehicle after crossing the central guardrail at 61 km+300 meters from west to east of Lianxu Expressway. After receiving the report, the 110 Command Center quickly assigned the Fourth High-speed Brigade of the Traffic Police Detachment of the Municipal Public Security Bureau and the Traffic Police Brigade of Donghai County Public Security Bureau to rush to the scene for disposal, and informed the fire and 120 emergency departments to rush to the scene to participate in the rescue. At about 16: 20, the traffic police brigade of Donghai County Public Security Bureau and the high-speed four brigades of the traffic police detachment arrived at the scene of the accident, carried out rescue and disposal work and immediately reported to their superiors.

The Party committees and governments of Lianyungang City and Donghai County immediately launched emergency response, and quickly organized relevant personnel from public security, fire protection, safety supervision, transportation, medical care and other departments to rush to the scene to carry out on-site rescue and after-care work in time. The heads of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Safety Supervision Bureau, the Municipal Transportation Administration and other units quickly rushed to the scene to organize and command, and performed their duties, cooperated with each other, and worked quickly and effectively.

Lianyungang Public Security Bureau quickly launched an emergency plan, and set up a disposal leading group with Wang Yongsheng, deputy mayor and public security bureau chief, as the team leader, and other party committee members as the deputy team leaders. Seven working groups, including comprehensive coordination, accident investigation, public opinion guidance and control, after-care disposal, legal guidance, emergency response and logistics support, were set up to carry out rescue work at the scene of the accident.

Li Weixin, deputy director of the Provincial Safety Supervision Bureau, Wang Wen and Zhu Zixing, deputy heads of the Traffic Police Corps of the Provincial Public Security Department, and other leaders rushed to the scene of the accident to direct rescue and guide the aftermath. Wang Bingbing, researcher and deputy director of the Accident Department of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, led relevant experts from the Traffic Management Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security to come to the company overnight to guide the accident handling work.

four March 13 Zhao Ruihua, deputy director of the Second Department of Safety Supervision of the Ministry of Emergency Management, and Shi Yong, deputy director of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, personally went to Lianyungang to convene a meeting to deploy accident investigation and handling. Pei Jun, deputy director of the Provincial Public Security Department, came to Lianyungang to guide the accident handling. On April 16th, Zhang Jianjun, Director of Technical Management Office of Highway Bureau of Ministry of Transport, and his team of four people inspected the accident vehicles and guardrail, and then re-inspected the road and guardrail at the site.

2.Emergency treatment at the scene of the accident

After the accident, the leaders of Lianyungang City and Donghai County Party Committee and County Government led the heads of relevant departments to rush to the scene at the first time to direct the accident handling and rescue work. Public security, transportation, fire protection, 120 first aid, road administration and other departments quickly carried out rescue of the wounded, site investigation, investigation and evidence collection, vehicle rescue, site cleaning and other work, and the accident site was removed and traffic resumed at 19: 00 on the same day. During the period, the traffic police department dispatched 8 police cars and more than 60 police officers, the fire department dispatched 2 fire rescue vehicles and more than 20 firefighters, the high-speed company dispatched more than 40 road administration, troubleshooting and maintenance personnel, and the 120 emergency departments at the city and county levels dispatched 10 ambulances. The traffic police department temporarily requisitioned two civilian cranes to participate in the rescue.　

3.Medical treatment situation

After the accident, the medical departments at Lianyungang City and Donghai County immediately opened a green channel for the medical treatment of the injured in traffic accidents, and spared no effort to treat the injured. The provincial public security department coordinated the relevant medical institutions in the province to immediately send experts to Lianyungang to participate in the rescue work, and all the injured people were treated promptly and effectively. At present, except for 5 people who are still being treated in the hospital, all others have been cured and discharged.

4.Treatment of aftermath

After the accident, the after-care team quickly carried out compensation for traffic accident damage. On the morning of April 13th, in conjunction with the municipal insurance industry association, we discussed the aftermath of accident claims with the responsible persons of Sunshine Insurance Company, Zhejiang Branch and Hangzhou Branch, and issued a notice of payment (advance payment) for road traffic accident rescue expenses to Sunshine Insurance Hangzhou Branch. On the afternoon of 13th, Sunshine Insurance Company paid 3 million yuan in advance to compensate for the advance payment. On April 14th, Centrino Company paid 3.5 million yuan in rescue expenses in advance. On April 24th, Feng Yong paid 600,000 yuan for the rescue. On April 17th, the director of Mengcheng County Judicial Bureau and his party arrived in Donghai County to assist in compensation mediation. On April 18th, a group of eight people from the accident aftermath compensation group of Sunshine Insurance Company Hangzhou Branch arrived in Lianyungang again to participate in accident compensation mediation. Up to now, all the bodies of the dead have been cremated, and all the dead have reached a compensation agreement except one who has gone through legal proceedings. All the injured have ended mediation except five who are still being treated in the hospital and three who have not been identified for injuries.

Iii. Investigation and evidence collection

(a) the trace of the accident

The scene of the accident is the original scene, involving two vehicles. Among them, the head of Yu AE4555 large-scale ordinary bus turns to the left side of the car body in the right lane from Xuzhou to Lianyungang. The rear wheel is 4 meters away from the south edge guardrail of the road, the front wheel is 3.8 meters away from the south edge guardrail of the road, 4 meters away from the east-west direction of K61+ 300M road mileage pile, and 21.8 meters away from the east-west direction of the right rear wheel of Su G391E8 small bus. The right rear wheel of the minibus is 5.1m away from the south edge guardrail of the road, and the right front wheel is 4.2m away from the south edge guardrail of the road.

(II) Vehicle damage

The front windshield of AE4555 large ordinary passenger car in Henan province is broken and scattered, the whole right side of the cab is pressed and deformed to the left side of the car body, the surface glass fiber decorative board is broken and defective, and scratches and green plants are seen at the exposed steel frame of the internal steel frame. Right front door is missing. The skin in the middle of the front bumper is missing, and the front metal guardrail is depressed and deformed inward. The window glass on the right side of the vehicle is broken and missing, and a large area of falling scratches is seen at the position above 220cm from the ground at the right rear part of the vehicle body, and the whole right rear part is extruded and deformed to the left side of the vehicle body. On the left side of the car body, a large number of scratches were found, and the window glass was partially broken and missing. There are two parallel extrusion deformation marks at the rear of the roof, flaky scratch marks at the front of the roof, and black substance adhesion.

The roof of Su G391E8 small ordinary passenger car is bent and deformed downwards, and the airbag on board is open. A large amount of blood and fragments of the front windshield of Henan AE4555 large ordinary bus were scattered inside the cab. A large number of scratches were found on the engine compartment cover, and the red rust substance adhered and the glass fragments of the large ordinary passenger car window were scattered. The left front fender of the car body was extruded and folded from front to back. The front bumper skin is missing as a whole, and there are longitudinal scratches and glass fiber-like substances embedded in the radiator within the range of 50cm -90cm from the ground. The right rear tire lost pressure and its metal hub was broken.

(3) Blood tests

According to the appraisal report [2018] No.865, no ethanol component was detected in Shao Dandan’s blood. According to the appraisal report [2018] No.866, no ethanol component was detected in Chen Haoran’s blood. According to the identification report of Lian Gong Wu Jian (Drugs) Zi [2018] No.39, no amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, ketamine, morphine and monoacetylmorphine were detected in Shao Dandan’s urine. According to the identification report [2018] No.40, no amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, ketamine, morphine and monoacetylmorphine were detected in the urine of Chen Haoran.

(4) Vehicle inspection

Appraised by dmv, Traffic Police Detachment of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau:

Accident car Yu AE4555: (1) Vehicle appearance: the outline size (length× width× height) and wheelbase, brand model, body color, axle number, tyre size and the rated number of passengers are in conformity with the certificate; (2) The number of passenger doors of the accident large ordinary bus is 2, and there are 4 emergency windows (three glasses are damaged, one glass is intact, and emergency exit signs are affixed, and there are 3 safety hammers, but one is missing), 2 escape exits on the roof, 1 warning sign, installation of driving recorder, no nameplate of the finished vehicle and no fire extinguisher; (3) Braking and steering: the accident vehicle did not see the front wheel disc brake and was equipped with ABS. Due to the accident, the vehicle was seriously damaged, the steering tie rod was deformed, the four-wheel anti-lock braking device was disassembled, and the engine could not work normally and there was no air pressure, so the braking and steering performance could not be tested; (4) The vehicle identification code needs to be contacted with the vehicle management office where the vehicle is registered to check its authenticity (note: it is verified to be true later); (5) There are 57 registered seats for buses, 57 damaged vehicles and 57 seat belts, but some seat belts are found to be damaged during inspection; (6) The tire under inspection has no retreaded tire and is seriously worn. The tire crown pattern is 1.1mm for the left front wheel, 1.0mm for the right front wheel, 0.3mm for the left rear tire and 0.4mm for the right rear tire. The tread depth of steering wheel should be greater than or equal to 3.2mm, and the tread depth of other tires should be greater than or equal to 1.6mm, resulting in serious tire wear.Does not meet the "technical conditions for motor vehicle operation safety"; The right front tire is broken, which belongs to impact damage.

The accident of Su G391E8 minibus caused serious damage to steering system, braking system, running system and other parts, and the performance of steering system and braking system could not be tested.

(5) Trace inspection.

According to the appraisal opinion No.104 [2018] of Zhengda Sijian Center, in this accident, the right front part of Yu AE4555 blue Jinlong bus driven by Shao Dandan came into contact with the left front part of Su G391E8 Honda minibus driven by Chen Haoran. At the time of the accident, the Yu AE4555 blue Jinlong bus driven by Shao Dandan did not come into direct contact with vehicles other than the Su G391E8 Honda minibus driven by Chen Haoran.

(VI) Driving data of AE4555 large ordinary bus in Henan.

The memory card data of AE4555, a large ordinary bus, was read in the road traffic accident appraisal by the Institute of Traffic Management Science of the Ministry of Public Security. The time period of driving record on the day of the accident was: (1) 00: 00-08: 31: 16 on April 12, 2018. Last location: Rongwei Expressway in Weifang. Final speed: 77 km/h. (2) April 12, 2018, 11:09:14-11:29:0. Last location: Rizhao service area of G15 Shenhai Expressway. No driving data was found on the day of the incident: (3) 08: 31: 17—11: 09: 14 on the 12th; (4) 11: 29: 03 on the 12th—when the accident happened.

Fourth,Cause and nature of the accident

(A) the direct cause

1.Shao Dandan, a bus driver, is the direct cause of the accident when he drives a vehicle whose tires are worn out and do not meet the technical standards in rainy days.

2018 April 19, 2008 The No.4 Brigade of the Traffic Police Detachment of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau made a road traffic accident confirmation letter [2018] No.001, and Shao Dandan drove a motor vehicle whose parts did not meet the technical standards on the road and did not drive safely, respectively violating Article 21 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China: "Before driving a motor vehicle on the road, the driver should carefully check the safety and technical performance of the motor vehicle; Do not drive a motor vehicle with safety facilities or parts that do not meet technical standards and other safety hazards. " Paragraph 1 of Article 22: "Motor vehicle drivers shall abide by the provisions of laws and regulations on road traffic safety, and drive safely and in a civilized manner in accordance with operational norms." The provisions of. Take full responsibility for the accident.

2.Shao Dandan failed to fulfill the obligation of safety reminder. At the time of the accident, most passengers in the bus didn’t wear seat belts, and the driver didn’t remind them according to the regulations, which caused many people to be thrown out of the car after collision, which aggravated the consequences of accident casualties.

(2) Indirect causes

1.Centrino Company did not strictly perform the main responsibility of safety production, and did not seriously educate and urge employees to strictly implement the company’s rules and regulations and operating procedures, which led to Shao Dandan’s improper operation when driving in rainy days; Safety production management is not in place, and effective measures have not been taken to check the AE4555 bus in Henan regularly according to the company’s regulations, and the hidden trouble of serious tire tread wear has not been rectified during the accident; We failed to take effective measures in time to solve the problem that the vehicle is sometimes off-line during the dynamic monitoring.

2.Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration failed to supervise Centrino Company’s enterprises, and neglected Centrino Company’s failure to seriously implement the company’s regular inspection system for passenger vehicles. Supervise Centrino Company to implement the dynamic monitoring management system is not in place.

3.The third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau is not sure about the operation of accident vehicles of Centrino Company within its jurisdiction, and its supervision is not in place.

(3) Nature of the accident

After investigation, it was found that the "4.12" major road traffic accident in Lianyungang was a road traffic liability accident.

Five, the handling of the accident related responsible personnel and responsible units and suggestions.

(a) the judicial organs have taken measures.

1.Shao Dandan, the driver of the accident vehicle, was criminally detained by Lianyun Public Security Bureau on April 13, 2018 on suspicion of traffic accident. He was arrested by Lianyun District Procuratorate on April 20 and is now detained in the city detention center.

2.Zheng Yueming, Zheng Yueming, the shareholder and general manager of Centrino Company and the leader of the leading group for safety production, was criminally detained by Donghai County Public Security Bureau on April 14, 2018 and released on bail pending trial on April 23.

3.Feng Yong, the contractor of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus, was criminally detained by Donghai County Public Security Bureau on April 21, 2018, and released on bail pending trial on April 25.

4.Fu Dayong, the dispatcher of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus, was criminally detained by Donghai County Public Security Bureau on April 21, 2018 on suspicion of major accident, and was released on bail on April 25.

(two) it is recommended to give disciplinary action to the party and government.

1.Zhang Zhihua, party member of the Communist Party of China, is the head of the Passenger Transport Department of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration, responsible for the management of the city’s road passenger transport industry, and has the supervisory responsibility for the passenger transport department to carry out the supervision of the tourism passenger transport industry. Failure to effectively supervise the work of department personnel. It is recommended to give a serious warning.

2.Zhou Bingjie, party member of the Communist Party of China, deputy detachment leader of the inspection detachment of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration Bureau, was transferred to the Passenger Transport Department due to work needs, and was responsible for the management of the license plates of tourist passenger vehicles in the city. He was responsible for supervising the enterprises’ failure to apply for license plates in accordance with relevant regulations and failed to effectively supervise the enterprises’ receipt and use of license plates. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

3.Zhang Xiaofeng, party member, member of the Passenger Transport Section of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration, is responsible for the license management of tourist passenger transport enterprises and operating vehicles in the city, and is responsible for the supervision of enterprises that fail to strictly carry out the management of tourist passenger transport industry according to relevant regulations. In daily management, the company failed to effectively supervise the safety management of operating vehicles. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

4.Zhang Zhigen, party member of the Communist Party of China, is a member of the Passenger Transport Section of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration. He is responsible for the safety inspection of tourist passenger transport enterprises in the city and is responsible for the supervision of the failure to effectively carry out the safety inspection of tourist passenger transport according to regulations. The inspection of tourist passenger transport enterprises in the city was not detailed and comprehensive, and it failed to effectively supervise enterprises to strictly carry out the management of tourist passenger transport industry in accordance with relevant regulations. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

5.Wang Jinzhu, party member of the Communist Party of China and the captain of the third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, failed to deploy and supervise the work of superiors, resulting in weak links in the supervision of key vehicles. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

6.Li Xun, party member of the Communist Party of China, deputy director of the supervision office of key objects of the third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, was not sure about the operation of accident vehicles and did not supervise them properly. Suggest admonishing conversation, informed criticism.

7.Wang Kai, party member of the Communist Party of China, and the police in the supervision office of the third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, are not sure about the operation of the accident vehicles and the supervision is not in place. Suggest admonishing conversation, informed criticism.

(3) Administrative punishment and accountability suggestions

1.It is suggested that the safety production supervision and management departments and transportation departments of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province should investigate Centrino Company and its related responsible persons according to relevant laws and regulations.

2.It is suggested that the relevant departments of Anhui, Zhejiang and Henan provinces implement the territorial supervision responsibility for the passenger vehicles of "Luqiao Huangyan Liushi Team" in Mengcheng, Anhui Province, and urge relevant enterprises to fully implement the main responsibility of enterprise safety production.

3.It is suggested that the public security organs in Mengcheng, Anhui Province should further investigate and deal with Li Dengchao, who is suspected of forging a chartered bus line card.

Six, accident prevention and rectification measures

(A) around the accident prevention, take measures simultaneously, and quickly carry out special rectification.

After the accident, Lianyungang public security traffic management department attached great importance to it, and immediately launched a special campaign for the rectification of expressway buses for half a year from April 13 with the departments of highway law enforcement, transportation and road companies. First, strengthen organizational leadership and earnestly formulate plans. A special meeting was held overnight to study and deploy the rectification work, and five expressway companies including Jiangsu Lianxu and 19 expressway traffic police brigades and public security checkpoints were quickly convened to comprehensively carry out the special rectification of expressway traffic and passenger transport order in the city. The second is to strictly control the road surface and strengthen cooperation. The leaders of the municipal bureau and detachment led the team to go on duty to enforce the law, board the car for inspection and carry out safety publicity. Public security checkpoints implement a 24-hour service mode, relying on the inspection and control system to inspect inter-provincial tourist chartered cars, and strictly investigate traffic violations such as "three overload and one fatigue" and not wearing seat belts; The high-speed brigade takes toll stations and service areas as positions to inspect the performance and operating qualifications of fixed-line vehicles in its jurisdiction. Strengthen cooperation with road companies, road administration and other departments, and carry out "one road, three cars" joint duty law enforcement work. The third is to strictly investigate hidden dangers and plug security loopholes. The detachment held an accident prevention meeting with five expressway companies to form a meeting summary to clarify the investigation scope, content, responsible unit and rectification period of expressway traffic safety hazards, and eliminate safety hazards in time. The fourth is to use sufficient legal means to ensure the remediation effect. At the same time, the penalty points for bus traffic violations shall be copied to the transportation management department where the vehicle registration is located. For the illegal operation of road passenger vehicles,Handed over to the road law enforcement and traffic management departments for handling. The fifth is to strengthen publicity and education and raise the awareness of traffic safety of the whole people. Since the rectification activities, a total of 5,950 buses have been inspected and registered, 1,450 traffic violations of various passenger vehicles have been investigated, 15,000 drivers have been reminded to wear seat belts, more than 40,000 traffic safety reminder cards have been issued, 6 passenger transport enterprises have been interviewed, and 76 rectification notices have been issued.

(two) improve the safety production system, conscientiously implement the main responsibility of production safety.

It is suggested that Henan Xunchi Automobile Travel Service Co., Ltd. should further implement the main responsibility of safety production, establish and improve various safety production systems, effectively strengthen the safety management of its vehicles and drivers, and ensure that all safety production rules and regulations are in place; It is necessary to strengthen the safety assessment training and education for all drivers, ensure that employees have the necessary knowledge of safety production, be familiar with relevant safety production rules and regulations and safety operation skills, and enhance the safety awareness of employees and the emergency handling ability of emergencies; It is necessary to use the satellite positioning monitoring platform to monitor the whole process of the company’s passenger vehicle operation, and it is not allowed to arrange the operation of passenger vehicles that can’t stay online when the satellite positioning device fails.

(C) to further enhance the awareness of road traffic safety red line and sense of responsibility.

It is suggested that Zhengzhou road transport management department should give full play to its functions and take effective measures, further urge road transport enterprises, effectively enhance the awareness of red line, strictly implement the main responsibility of safety production, strictly abide by and implement the laws and regulations on safety production, strengthen safety production education and training, improve workers’ safety awareness, and promptly investigate and control hidden dangers of accidents; It is necessary to urge and guide enterprises to implement the main responsibility of dynamic monitoring, strengthen dynamic monitoring, and take effective measures to curb illegal business practices.

(D) Take multiple measures to strengthen the daily supervision of road transport enterprises in the area.

It is suggested that the public security traffic management department of Zhengzhou City should take multiple measures to strengthen the daily supervision of road transport enterprises in its jurisdiction. First, we must strictly implement the supervision system and urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility. By holding regular safety meetings, signing safety responsibility letters, reporting the safety situation, analyzing traffic accident cases and other effective ways, we will implement various supervision systems and urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility. Second, we must conscientiously implement regulatory responsibilities and strengthen the implementation of measures. It is necessary to give full play to the current effective measures such as online inspection, in-depth supervision and inspection of enterprises, problem notification, problem copying, and timely interviews, further implement the requirements of the basic information management work norms of public security traffic management business, and do a detailed supervision of the source. Third, we must earnestly urge the problem to be rectified to ensure effective results. While signing the safety responsibility book, establishing and perfecting the account, holding the regular safety meeting, and issuing the rectification notice, we should stick to the problems found, and urge the problems to be rectified in place without leaving any dead ends.

(5) Promote the work of "clearing" potential safety hazards and vigorously carry out special rectification.

It is suggested that Zhengzhou road transport management, public security traffic management and other relevant departments should conscientiously perform their supervisory responsibilities, comprehensively investigate the problems existing in enterprises under their jurisdiction, urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility, and vigorously promote the work of "clearing" safety hazards, especially the safety hazards of "two passengers and one danger" vehicles and drivers. At the same time, we will carry out joint special rectification, focusing on checking the implementation of dynamic monitoring measures and daily safety education and training of tourist passenger transport enterprises, checking the regular inspection and daily maintenance of vehicles, checking the driver’s driving qualification and professional qualification, checking the procedures for chartering tourist buses, urging enterprises to check the integrity of passenger tires and seat belts, and implementing the passenger safety notification system. Tourist buses and drivers who do not have the corresponding qualifications will be banned; Tourist passenger transport enterprises that fail to perform their safety management duties will be suspended for rectification; All tourist buses whose safety performance does not meet the standard or whose GPS monitoring system is not installed will stop operating; Those who violate the examination and approval route and issue blank chartered cars will be severely punished and seriously investigated for accountability. The list of vehicles and enterprises with potential safety hazards will be notified to the safety supervision departments, and a number of enterprises with outstanding potential safety hazards will be jointly interviewed and exposed, and the source education and management measures will be urged to be implemented.

(six) to strengthen publicity and guidance, and strive to develop the rules and atmosphere of safe driving.

Road transport management, public security traffic management and other departments in the relevant areas should pay attention to "4? 12 "The causes of major road traffic accidents are analyzed. Around the prevention of serious traffic accidents and tourist bus accidents, various ways are adopted to quickly set off a climax of traffic safety publicity tips and education warnings to prevent similar problems from happening. It is necessary to establish and improve the mass reporting mechanism, carry out award-winning reporting activities, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses to report illegal driving and illegal operation, and widely mobilize social supervision. Guide the relevant units and personnel not to rent or take tourist buses without chartered procedures or incomplete procedures, which have potential safety hazards, and form a good atmosphere for safe driving and safe car use.

Recently, the China Breast Cancer Screening Standard (T/CPMA 014-2020) proposed by China National Cancer Center was published online in chinese journal of cancer prevention and treatment. The correspondent is Professor He Jie, director of National Cancer Center and academician of China Academy of Sciences.

As a common cancer, according to the latest global cancer burden data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization in 2020, there were 2.26 million new breast cancer cases in the world in 2020, surpassing lung cancer (2.21 million cases) for the first time, becoming the largest cancer in the world, accounting for 11.7% of new cancer cases. Among the newly diagnosed cancer patients, one in every eight is a breast cancer patient. China is a big country with breast cancer. In 2020, there will be about 420,000 new cases of breast cancer and nearly 120,000 deaths.

Screening, improving the detection rate of early breast cancer and precancerous lesions, and timely and effective treatment are important measures to improve the prognosis of breast cancer and reduce the risk of death. The standards put forward suggestions on the population, measures, results and management of breast cancer screening in China. We have sorted out the relevant contents, hoping to help you better understand the knowledge of breast cancer screening.

Image source: 123RF

Who should have breast cancer screening?

The standard suggests that people at high risk of breast cancer should be screened from the age of 40; The general risk population (all school-age women except the high-risk population) should be screened for breast cancer between 45 and 70 years old.

High-risk population

Women who meet any of the following conditions 1, 2 and 3 are at high risk of breast cancer.

1. Women with genetic family history, that is, women with any of the following: 1) First-degree relatives (mothers, daughters and sisters) have a history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer; 2) Among the second-degree relatives (aunts, grandmothers and grandmothers), two or more people suffered from breast cancer before the age of 50; 3) Among the second-degree relatives, 2 or more have ovarian cancer before the age of 50; 4) At least one first-degree relative carries a known pathogenic genetic mutation of BRCA1/2 gene, or carries a pathogenic genetic mutation of BRCA1/2 gene himself.

2. Have any of the following: 1) Age of menarche ≤12 years old; 2) menopausal age ≥55 years old; 3) Have a history of breast biopsy or surgery for benign breast diseases, or a history of atypical hyperplasia of breast (lobules or ducts) confirmed by pathology; 4) Use hormone replacement therapy of "estrogen and progesterone combination" for not less than half a year; 5) X-ray examination of breast after 45 years old suggests that the type of breast parenchyma (or breast density) is uneven compactness or compactness.

Note: Breast parenchyma types can be divided into fat type, scattered fibrous gland type, heterogeneous dense type (which may cover small masses) and dense type (which reduces the sensitivity of breast cancer detection).

3. Those who have any of the following two items: 1) No breast-feeding history or breast-feeding time less than 4 months; 2) No history of live birth (including never giving birth, abortion or stillbirth) or the age of first live birth ≥30 years old; 3) hormone replacement therapy using only "estrogen" for not less than half a year; 4) Abortion (including natural abortion and induced abortion) shall not be less than 2 times.

Image source: 123RF

How to screen?

General risk population: breast ultrasound examination should be performed every 1-2 years; If you do not have the conditions for breast ultrasound examination, you should use mammography.

High-risk population: breast ultrasound combined with mammography is performed once a year.

How to understand the screening results?

Classification of diagnostic results of mammography

The diagnostic results of mammography are usually classified by the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), which is formulated by American Radiological Society (ACR) and widely used internationally.

1. BI-RADS 0: The existing image failed to complete the evaluation, and other image examinations need to be added.

2. BI-RADS 1: normal, no abnormality was found in mammography. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

3. BI-RADS 2: Benign findings, with definite benign changes and no malignant signs. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

4. BI-RADS 3: Benign lesions that may be large. 0% < malignant possibility ≤2%.

5. BI-RADS 4: Suspected malignant lesions, but without typical malignant signs. 2% < malignant possibility < 95%.

6. BI-RADS 4A: low-grade suspected malignancy. 2% < malignant possibility ≤10%.

7. BI-RADS 4B: moderately suspected malignant. 10% < malignant possibility ≤50%.

8. BI-RADS 4C: highly suspected malignant. 50% < malignant possibility < 95%.

9. BI-RADS 5: Highly suggestive of malignant lesions with typical imaging features of breast cancer. Malignant possibility ≥95%.

Image source: 123RF

Classification of ultrasonic diagnosis results of breast

The classification of ultrasound evaluation refers to the screening of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the BI-RADS classification standard proposed by American Radiological Society.

1. BI-RADS 0: The diagnostic information obtained by ultrasound is incomplete and cannot be evaluated, and it needs to be evaluated after other imaging examinations.

2. BI-RADS 1: negative, no abnormality was found by ultrasound. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

3. BI-RADS 2: Benign lesions, with definite benign changes and no malignant signs. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

4. BI-RADS 3: Benign lesions that may be large. 0% < malignant possibility ≤2%.

5. BI-RADS 4: Suspected malignant lesions, but without typical malignant signs. 2% < malignant possibility < 95%.

6. BI-RADS 4A: low-grade suspected malignancy. 2% < malignant possibility ≤10%.

7. BI-RADS 4B: moderately suspected malignant. 10% < malignant possibility ≤50%.

8. BI-RADS 4C: highly suspected malignant. 50% < malignant possibility < 95%.

9. BI-RADS 5: Highly suggestive of malignant lesions with typical imaging features of breast cancer. Malignant possibility ≥95%.

Image source: 123RF

Screening result management

1. BI-RADS 1 and BI-RADS 2 need no special treatment.

2.　BI-RADS 3：

The evaluation of mammography is BI-RADS 3, so it is advisable to reexamine the breast on the lesion side at the next 6 months, and reexamine the breast on both sides at the 12th and 24th months.

If the lesion remains stable, it can continue to be reexamined, and if it has not changed for 2-3 years, it can be reduced to BI-RADS 2. If the lesion disappears or shrinks during the reexamination, it can be directly evaluated as BI-RADS 2 or BI-RADS 1. Biopsy should be considered if suspicious findings are found in the lesions during the reexamination.

The breast ultrasound evaluation is BI-RADS 3, so it is advisable to have breast ultrasound reexamination in 3-6 months, and it can be reduced to BI-RADS 2 if there is no change after 2 years of follow-up.

3. BI-RADS 4A: Further imaging examination and biopsy are needed.

4. BI-RADS 4B: Further imaging examination is needed, and biopsy is appropriate.

5. BI-RADS 4C and BI-RADS 5: Biopsy should be performed.

Image source: 123RF

tag

According to the standard, the breast physiological characteristics and breast cancer epidemic characteristics of women in China are quite different from those in western countries, so we can’t copy foreign experience. Establishing breast cancer screening standards suitable for women in China will play an important role in improving the scientificity, feasibility and practicability of breast cancer screening and reducing the incidence and mortality of breast cancer.

reference data

[1] He Jie, et al.,(2021). China female breast cancer screening standard (T/CPMA 014-2020). chinese journal of cancer prevention and treatment, DOI: 10.16073/J.CNKI.CJCPT.2021.01.02.

[2] Latest global cancer data: Cancer burden rises to 19.3 million new cases and 10.0 million cancer deaths in 2020. Retrieved Nov 16 ,2020, from https://www.iarc.fr/fr/news-events/latest-global-cancer-data-cancer-burden-rises-to-19-3-million-new-cases-and-10-0-million-cancer-deaths-in-2020/

Note: The purpose of this article is to introduce the progress of medical health research, not to recommend treatment schemes. For guidance on treatment plan, please go to a regular hospital.

　　Authors: Yang Haojie (Ph.D., Institute of Curriculum Textbooks, Ministry of Education) and He Chenggang (Researcher, Institute of Curriculum Textbooks, Ministry of Education)

　　Recently, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, together with the Ministry of Education, has published an Introduction to Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as "Introduction"), which is a key measure to further promote the introduction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era into teaching materials, into the classroom and into the mind, to better implement the fundamental task of educating people, and to meet the people’s needs for high-quality teaching materials. The publication of Introduction is an important event in the political life of the party and the country, an important event in the teaching work of teachers and a happy event in the study of hundreds of millions of young students. It is necessary to fully understand the great significance of the textbook Introduction in cultivating people with the innovative theory of the party, guiding young students to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, and striving to become a new person of the times who is responsible for national rejuvenation, highlighting the word "research" and further using the textbook well.

　　Adhere to the "three bases" and study the teaching materials in depth.

　　Introduction consists of three parts: introduction, 17 chapters and conclusion, which comprehensively reflects the latest achievements of the modernization of Marxism in China, great practice and great changes in the new era, and is a consensus research achievement in academic circles, with authority. The vast number of front-line teachers at all levels and schools in China should study textbooks, not only by reading one step first, but also by studying one level in depth, and even more by understanding one level in detail, so as to get into their minds and hearts.

　　First of all, based on the history of the party’s unity and leading the people for more than a hundred years, we should study the teaching materials comprehensively.Grasp the theme, main line and main content of the textbook "Introduction" as a whole, grasp the theoretical panorama of the latest achievements in the modernization of Marxism in China, and make sure that you really learn, believe and use it.

　　Secondly, based on the great practice and great changes in the new era in the past ten years, we should study the teaching materials in depth.Summarize and clarify the basic context of the textbook "Introduction", strengthen the thinking of historical logic in great practice, realistic logic in great change and theoretical logic in great achievements, so that history, reality and theory can "complement each other" in the textbook.

　　Thirdly, based on the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world for a hundred years, systematically study the teaching materials.Under the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, we will study and analyze the complex international situation and great risks and challenges we are facing with a developmental vision and a comparative attitude, deepen our understanding of the great struggle, great project, great cause and great dream of the Party leading the people in the new era, constantly enhance our road, theory, system and cultural identity, and strengthen our "four self-confidences".

　　Adhere to the "three unifications" and study textbooks on special topics.

　　The textbook "Introduction" adheres to the educational law, highlights the teaching orientation, pays attention to being close to the cognitive characteristics of young students, and adapts to the acceptance habits of young people. It is an essential book and core textbook for cultivating young students to become builders and successors of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and has applicability. As the first unified textbook that comprehensively and systematically expounds the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, colleges and universities across the country should adhere to the "three unifications" to organize special research textbooks, and generally explain the background and actual needs of the unified compilation of textbooks, the framework and theoretical innovation of textbook compilation, so as to provide scientific methodological guidance for teaching courses and using textbooks well.

　　First, we must adhere to the unity of politics and academic rationality.Deal with the dialectical relationship between firm ideals and beliefs and firm truth and beliefs. Believing in truth is the basis and premise of firm ideals and beliefs. Studying textbooks is to profoundly understand the truth power and practical power of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, strengthen Marxist beliefs, the lofty ideals of communism and the common ideals of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and further strengthen ideals and beliefs.

　　Second, we must adhere to the unity of value and knowledge.Deal with the dialectical relationship between the principle of reading the original text and learning the course materials. Studying the course materials should be combined with learning the basic principles of Marxism, the principle of reading the original text and learning the "five histories". We should not only learn the main contents of the teaching materials, but also grasp the ideological science system and understand the theoretical philosophy of truth contained in the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

　　Third, we must adhere to the unity of theory and practice.Dealing with the dialectical relationship between theoretical guidance and practical development, the purpose of learning is to apply it, and to talk about the theoretical value of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, guiding practical development to achieve historic changes and achievements in detail, so as to enhance the sense of practical acquisition, ability improvement and motivation of young people in the new era.

　　Adhere to the "three focuses" and organize research teaching materials

　　Introduction is an important achievement in promoting the construction of the teaching material system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics, which reflects the requirements for the integrated education of ideological and political courses in universities, primary and secondary schools, and provides a model for strengthening the construction and management of teaching materials in the new era. The professional research platform of national curriculum textbooks, the key research bases of textbook construction and the textbook research institutions in colleges and universities should gather capable forces to study the textbook Introduction, focus on the major theoretical and practical problems of textbook construction, sort out and summarize mature experiences, summarize and refine basic laws, and promote the construction of a high-quality textbook system to serve and support the high-quality development of education.

　　First, focus on the innovation of teaching material construction mechanism,Carefully sort out all the links in the whole process of management research for editing and reviewing the textbook Introduction, and study the innovative practices and effective experiences in the mechanism of the textbook Introduction from the aspects of writing needs, implementation plan, team formation, discussion and review, publication and use tracking, so as to create an era model for the construction and management of the textbook.

　　Second, focus on the realization of teaching materials to educate people.Accurately grasp the functional orientation of the textbook "Introduction" to cultivate new people in the era, and study the core leading role of the textbook "Introduction" in curriculum integration, teaching integration, evaluation integration and goal integration according to the requirements of ideological and political courses integration in universities, primary and secondary schools, so as to lay the foundation for the realization of all-round education, whole-process education and all-round education.

　　Third, focus on the construction of teaching material discourse system,Fully understand the theoretical value of "Introduction" as an important achievement in the construction of teaching material system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics, accelerate the strategic goal of building a discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics by benchmarking, study the active exploration of teaching materials in the construction of Marxist discourse system with China characteristics and times, and gradually highlight the China characteristics, China style and China style in the construction of teaching material discourse system.

COVID-19 is still spreading around the world, and prevention and control will become the norm. How to prevent and control it efficiently and finely, and minimize the impact on people, maybe we can make a fuss about health codes.

Now the function and significance of various health codes is actually mainly to provide data by big data statistics. But not fine enough. There are mainly the following problems:

• How to ensure the authenticity of information
• People in high-risk areas are not necessarily high-risk, so high-risk areas should not be divided, but high-risk people should be defined.
• Only people who are in close contact with the confirmed patients are high-risk people. It is most important to inform these people in time and check them out.
• The core of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases is early detection and early isolation. How to find it and isolate it as soon as possible is the most important thing.

Universal testing, screening out all patients, and then centralized treatment, this is the most ideal method. However, based on the actual situation, it is more difficult to realize this. Then set up more detection links, such as the temperature detection of residential buildings, which is this role. When the abnormality is detected, further nucleic acid detection will be conducted. If the diagnosis is confirmed, all close contacts will be screened again to find the car infected person. This should be done quickly and accurately. You can realize all accounts receivable, and you should check everything.

National epidemic prevention requires a national epidemic prevention system. Everyone and each unit play different roles in the whole system. These categories are probably needed in this system:

• Brain center cloud computing platform:Such a large amount of data and responsible data storage certainly need a powerful data storage and technical platform, and China, which has experienced the test of Spring Festival travel rush and the Double Eleven, is not lacking in this ability.
• All-round primary inspection:This requires our Zu Guoqiang’s strong organizational ability to do a good job of detection at every small, building subway and other personnel flow nodes. The main function is to find people with fever and abnormal health codes, and send them for inspection in time if abnormal conditions are found. Do early detection and early isolation.
• Nucleic acid detection:Rapid and convenient detection can expand the detection range. In South Korea, PCR nucleic acid detection method was adopted on January 31st, and the diagnosis result can be obtained in 6 hours. The "drive-through" detection station can detect about 380 people every day. This practice can quickly deal with a large number of testers and effectively reduce the contact between medical staff and high-risk groups. It used to take 30 minutes for each person to test, but now it only takes 10 minutes to complete. This may be used for reference.

Face recognition real name login:Nowadays, whether it is the card opening of financial banks or the real-name authentication of the three major operators, remote face recognition verification has been realized, and the uniqueness of the national ID cards provides a data basis for face recognition. Relying on the camera of smart phone, face recognition login is completed. Thereby ensuring the correctness of the information. Face recognition login+mobile phone verification code. Don’t enter complicated information such as the place of entry, the place of household registration, and the place of residence.

Close contacts real-time storage:Fine epidemic prevention is to accurately find infected people and close contacts with confirmed patients. Now the way to find close contacts is too rude. One person is diagnosed, the whole building belongs to close contacts, and someone in a train is diagnosed and needs close contacts to check the relevant trains themselves. This greatly misses these potential threat groups. Or accidentally injure someone who is not really close to you. Using the Bluetooth technology of mobile phone, you can search for additional Bluetooth devices in real time and upload them for filing. Bluetooth can search for devices within 10-20 meters, and record the contact time of storage devices and the MAC address of devices. Within 10-20 meters, those who have been in contact for more than 60 seconds are close contacts in the true sense.

Real-time location information:The record of real-time location information of mobile phone can tell you where you have been in contact with close contacts when pushing information, and provide information judgment for self-infection rate through self-judgment of personal protective measures at that time.
Real-time push of abnormal information: when someone in close contact with an individual is diagnosed on the 14th, the mobile phone will automatically push the message. The message template involves the following information: time, place, number of contacts, contact duration, and the nearest nucleic acid detection point.

For example:

Hello; At 3:50 p.m. on April 6, 2020, a confirmed patient met with you for about 10 meters for 300 seconds near Chaoyangmen subway in Chaoyang District, Beijing.

Now the nearest nucleic acid detection point is the outpatient department of Chaoyang Hospital. It is recommended that you do a good job of protection and see a doctor immediately.

There are only two states of health code, no abnormality and abnormal. Face recognition login shows the status, which will be invalid after 1 minute. You need to log in again. All residential buildings only need to check the health code, and if there is any abnormal state, they will not pass, and urge them to do nucleic acid testing. If the testing is negative, the hospital data will be restored to no abnormal state after synchronization.

Exception definition:Within 14 days, if there is a confirmed case in the Bluetooth information record, it will be displayed as abnormal.

Eliminate anomalies:Go to the hospital for nucleic acid detection. If it is negative, the hospital data will be uploaded and the abnormal state will be automatically lifted. If it is positive, the system will automatically inform the user to contact the confirmed user, and then inform the contacted user to do nucleic acid testing.

At present, the health code is too rough, and the overall structure is centralized. From top to bottom, it lacks a dimension, that is, information communication between groups. Adding this dimension can realize timely tracking and timely push, and the whole process is more automated, reducing a lot of manual intervention.

To prepare for a protracted war, make full use of existing technical means, give full play to data intelligence, and fine epidemic prevention means to minimize the impact on personnel activities on the premise of accurate positioning. I didn’t mention the issue of data security in the whole article because we can’t give up eating because of choking at this stage. The whole design is still described by big lines. If you have any shortcomings, please brainstorm and comment.

Lao Zhang, everyone is a product manager columnist. AI product manager, focusing on natural language processing and image recognition. Now he is a partner of smart insurance startup company, hoping to communicate with entrepreneurs in the field of artificial intelligence.

This article was originally published by everyone as a product manager, and it is forbidden to reprint without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

The "Several Policies and Measures on Promoting the Stable Growth of Foreign Trade" issued by the Ministry of Commerce recently proposed to promote the development of cross-border e-commerce. The status and importance of cross-border e-commerce does not stop there. At present, it has been included as a new clause in some newly signed and escalating bilateral free trade agreements.

In recent years, new foreign trade formats and new modes have emerged in China, especially cross-border e-commerce, which has become a "new engine" to stimulate foreign trade growth with its rapid development. Relying on strong supply capacity, faster customs clearance efficiency and more cost-effective customized services, cross-border e-commerce is promoting more China products to link to the global market. Cross-border packages smoothly shuttle between more countries and regions, bringing China closer to the world.

"New clause" of FTA

Data show that in the first three quarters of this year, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in China increased by 11.5% year-on-year, accounting for nearly 6% of China’s foreign trade. As a new format and model in the field of foreign trade, the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce is a pragmatic achievement of China’s continuous expansion of high-level opening-up and promotion of bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation.

On November 14th, China and Peru signed a protocol to upgrade the FTA, adding five chapters to the original FTA, including e-commerce. On August 22nd, the joint communique between China and the Belarusian government pointed out that the two sides will strengthen cooperation in the field of e-commerce and encourage Belarusian enterprises to enter the major e-commerce platforms in China … Recently, the newly signed bilateral free trade agreement or the upgraded free trade agreement has included cross-border e-commerce as a new clause, which has injected momentum into the development of cross-border e-commerce between China and its free trade partners.

"The inclusion of cross-border e-commerce as a new clause in the bilateral free trade agreement has released a new signal that China attaches great importance to the role of cross-border e-commerce in international trade and regards it as an important tool to promote trade liberalization and facilitation." Hong Yong, a think tank expert of China Digital and Real Integration 50 Forum, told the International Business Daily reporter.

"This is a very positive signal." Wang Chunming, executive director and general manager of Harbin Fuhuo International Supply Chain Co., Ltd., told the International Business Daily that the inclusion of cross-border e-commerce in the terms of the bilateral free trade agreement not only simplifies the trade process of enterprises, reduces the barriers to cross-border transactions of enterprises, but also deepens the cooperation between enterprises and other countries in e-commerce. "On the other hand, this move also shows that while promoting the high-quality development of foreign trade, China has taken the digital economy and cross-border e-commerce as a key link in its future development, which is bound to promote more enterprises to participate in the international market."

In Hong Yong’s view, this move also reflects China’s determination to play a more active role in global digital economic governance and trade rule-making. "China has always been committed to jointly formulating rules through international cooperation to promote the healthy and orderly development of cross-border e-commerce."

Cross-border e-commerce "acceleration"

"Our e-commerce sales have nearly tripled year-on-year, and the logistics speed has been shortened from more than 40 days to about 25 days now." Wang Chunming said that the company’s latest batch of orders were delivered from Belarus to Erenhot, and the goods were distributed to all parts of the country after unloading. "Five cars were delivered this morning, and four cars will be’ taken’ later."

There are many foreign trade enterprises like Wang Chunming that enjoy the dividend of cross-border e-commerce development. In Guangzhou and Baiyun Airport Comprehensive Bonded Zone, batches of small packages imported directly by cross-border e-commerce such as beauty and skin care products and clothing accessories were sorted and sent to all parts of the country. In Sichuan, in eight provincial-level cross-border e-commerce industrial parks, 400 cross-border e-commerce source factories operate efficiently, and batches of products with Bashu characteristics go overseas from here.

Since 2014, cross-border e-commerce has been written into the government work report for 11 consecutive years. From 1.06 trillion yuan in 2018 to 2.38 trillion yuan in 2023, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in China increased by 1.2 times in five years.

Hong Yong believes that the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce in China is mainly due to its ability to effectively reduce transaction costs, shorten transaction chains, improve transaction efficiency, and meet the personalized and diversified needs of consumers.

According to customs statistics, in the first eight months of this year, there were 630,000 foreign trade business entities with import and export performance in China, up 8.8% year-on-year. According to preliminary statistics, the number of cross-border e-commerce entities in China has exceeded 120,000, and the number of cross-border e-commerce industrial parks has exceeded 1,000. Relying on 165 cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test zones in China, cross-border e-commerce has driven more enterprises from various industrial belts to participate in international trade.

Wang Chunming said that these data reflect the great changes in global consumption and trade patterns. "In the past, international trade mainly relied on traditional channels and logistics models. Nowadays, consumers can purchase global goods more conveniently through e-commerce platforms, and enterprises can also use e-commerce platforms to break geographical restrictions and enter the international market."

However, the industry has also noticed that the development of cross-border e-commerce still faces some challenges, such as the inconvenience of cross-border exchange, the need to improve cross-border e-commerce service capabilities, and differences in laws and regulations. In the next step, how to promote the "new engine" with high quality is the key to the industry’s stability and far-reaching.

In this regard, Wang Chunming suggested: First, strengthen policy coordination with other countries, increase the promotion of overseas markets, and promote more cross-border e-commerce enterprises to enter the international market. The second is to promote the combination of cross-border e-commerce platforms and localized services to help domestic enterprises better adapt to the international market, especially to provide more support in product compliance and payment security. "Only when policy, technology and market work together can we provide a better ecological environment for cross-border e-commerce and further promote its healthy and sustainable development."

Hong Yong suggested that the first is to strengthen infrastructure construction, such as improving domestic and international logistics networks and improving the security and convenience of cross-border payment systems. The second is to optimize the policy environment and reduce the operating costs of cross-border e-commerce enterprises through measures such as decentralization and reduction of examination and approval links. The third is to strengthen personnel training and technical support, establish a training mechanism for cross-border e-commerce professionals, and promote the application of technological innovation. Fourth, strengthen international cooperation, actively participate in the formulation of international rules, and create a fairer and more transparent external environment for cross-border e-commerce enterprises.