The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Great Practice of Respecting and Safeguarding Human Rights

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 24th-the State Council Press Office published a white paper entitled "Great Practice of Respecting and Safeguarding Human Rights in the Communist Party of China (CPC)" on June 24th. The full text is as follows:

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Great Practice of Respecting and Safeguarding Human Rights

　　(June 2021)

　　People’s Republic of China (PRC)

　　the State Council Information Office

　　catalogue

　　foreword

　　I. Struggle for People’s Liberation and Happiness

　　Second, the ruling strategy of respecting and protecting human rights

　　Third, build a fundamental system in which the people are the masters of the country.

　　Iv. promoting the all-round development of all human rights

　　五、依法保障公民基本权利

　　VI. Promoting the development of human rights in the world

　　VII. Enriched and developed the diversity of human rights civilization.

　　Concluding remarks

　　foreword

　　2021 is the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s 100 years have created a great miracle of respecting and safeguarding human rights and written a new chapter in human rights civilization.

　　100 years ago, at the critical juncture when the Chinese nation was facing domestic troubles and foreign invasion, the Communist Party of China (CPC), who was responsible for saving the country and the people, was born. China gave birth to communist party, which was an epoch-making event. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people of China have started a brand-new course of struggle for national prosperity, national rejuvenation and people’s happiness.

　　Over the past 100 years, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people of China to overthrow the "three mountains" of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism, established People’s Republic of China (PRC), completed the new-democratic revolution and socialist revolution, and laid a fundamental political premise and a solid institutional foundation for effectively protecting people’s rights and freedoms. After hard exploration, China has opened a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and opened a new era of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong, and embarked on a new journey of building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way.

　　Over the past 100 years, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has adhered to the people first, the principle of universality of human rights combined with the reality in China, the right to subsistence and development as the primary basic human rights, the people’s happy life as the greatest human rights, the all-round development of people, and the continuous enhancement of people’s sense of gain, happiness and security, and successfully embarked on a road of human rights development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　Over the past 100 years, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has been taking the road of peaceful development and promoting common development. China firmly upholds world peace, persists in promoting development through cooperation and human rights through development, actively participates in international human rights affairs, contributes China wisdom to global human rights governance, provides China’s plan, promotes the development of human rights in the world, and works with other countries to build a community of human destiny.

　　I. Struggle for People’s Liberation and Happiness

　　(A) China people’s human rights were trampled on in modern times.

　　The Chinese nation is a great nation with a glorious civilization history of more than 5,000 years. In the long history of mankind, China’s comprehensive national strength has been in the forefront of the world for a long time. However, by the middle and late Qing Dynasty (1636-1911), especially after the Opium War in 1840, the development of China began to stagnate and gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society due to the increasing aggression of western powers against China and the corruption and incompetence of the rulers, and the people were oppressed and enslaved and fell into deep suffering.

　　Since 1840, the great powers have signed hundreds of unequal treaties, articles of association and articles with the government of China through many wars of aggression against China and other methods, forcing China to cede territory and pay reparations, seizing various privileges, and building a systematic structure of colonizing and plundering China. The invasion of foreign powers and their colonial policies have become a heavy yoke on the people of China, and the dignity and right to life of the people of China have been seriously trampled on.

　　The misfortune of the country is the misfortune of the people. Under the oppression of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism, hunger, poverty, backwardness and beatings are a true portrayal of the human rights situation in modern China.

　　The survival crisis faced by the people of modern China is all-round. Economically, China’s backward agricultural productivity, land annexation and exorbitant taxes, natural disasters and war damage have led to a large number of farmers going bankrupt, becoming hired farmers and even refugees; Although industry and commerce have developed to some extent, they are small in scale, low in output, unbalanced in structure, and controlled by foreign capital and domestic bureaucratic capital, so it is difficult to provide strong support for the national economy and people’s livelihood. The economy is declining, people’s livelihood is languishing, and people are struggling for survival. It is estimated that at that time, 80% of the people in the country were in a state of hunger and semi-hunger for a long time, and tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of people died of hunger almost every year.

　　In addition to material shortage, the people of China are also suffering from epidemic diseases and spiritual poverty. At that time, epidemic diseases were rampant in China, such as plague, smallpox, cholera and other infectious diseases. There were almost no epidemics every year, and the medical conditions were poor. The health status of the people was very bad. In old China, the average life expectancy was only 35 years. When New China was founded, the illiteracy rate was as high as 80% among the 540 million people in China, the actual enrollment rate of primary schools was less than 20%, and there were only 117,000 students in higher education. Regarding the tragic experience of the people in China at that time, Mao Zedong once pointed out that "the poverty and unfriendliness of the people in China are rare in the world". China people’s right to subsistence cannot be guaranteed, let alone other basic rights.

　　(2) the Communist Party of China (CPC) shoulders the mission of saving the country and the people.

　　Faced with the broken mountains and rivers, many people with lofty ideals who devoted themselves to the cause of national progress launched different forms of national salvation movements such as peasant uprising, westernization self-help, reform and improvement, and bourgeois revolution, but they failed to free the people of China from the miserable situation of oppression and slavery. The important task of realizing national independence and people’s liberation has historically fallen on the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s shoulders.

　　In July, 1921, the first National Congress of communist party, China was held, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) was formally declared. Since then, the China Revolution has entered a brand-new stage of development, the fate of the people in China has undergone a fundamental change, and a road to human rights protection belonging to the broad masses of the people has begun to be paved. The earliest Marxists in China, such as Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong, closely linked national liberation and national independence with the vital interests of the people. They deeply realized that only through revolution can we truly strive for and safeguard the rights of the proletariat and the working people, free China from poverty and weakness, and free the people of China from suffering and humiliation.

　　Since its founding, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has emerged as a proletarian party, and through various programs, propositions and declarations, it has clearly publicized its position and proposition of saving the country and the people and fighting for human rights. It is the initial intention and mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to seek happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, and it is also the foundation of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s human rights thought. The Communist Party of China (CPC) won the support and support of the people of China with a distinct people’s stand and became the core force leading the China revolution.

　　(C) the practice of human rights protection during the new-democratic revolution

　　In the great struggle of leading the people to fight for freedom and liberation and realize the new-democratic revolution as masters of their own affairs, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always combined Marxist human rights theory with the reality of China, and created a road to human rights protection that is in line with the principle of universality of human rights and has distinctive China characteristics.

　　Since the Great Revolution (1924-1927), the Communist Party of China (CPC) has taken improving people’s livelihood and guaranteeing people’s right to subsistence as an important task. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War (1927-1937), the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the Chinese Soviet government to promulgate and implement the land law, which not only enabled farmers to turn over politically, but also allocated fields economically, and obtained the basic right of survival. During the period of all-round War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937-1945), the Communist Party of China (CPC) formulated a series of regulations and detailed rules to protect human rights and led the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region to implement the policy of "reducing rent and interest". During the War of Liberation (1945-1949), the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposed to protect human rights and save people’s livelihood, led the formulation of the Outline of China Land Law and other documents, carried out land reform in the liberated areas with a population of more than 100 million, implemented land to the tiller, and eliminated feudal relations of production. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has also actively organized production campaigns to ensure self-sufficiency, encouraged the development of private industry and commerce, and introduced policies and measures such as social preferential treatment to ensure people’s livelihood.

　　Realizing that people are masters of their own affairs is the main task of human rights protection in the new-democratic revolution. Universal suffrage was implemented in the Central Soviet Area and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), giving the oppressed people the right to participate in and discuss state affairs. During the Anti-Japanese War, the anti-Japanese base areas implemented the "three-thirds system" and established an anti-Japanese democratic regime (Communist party member, progressives outside the Party and centrists each accounted for one third). These policies and systems have greatly enhanced the people’s enthusiasm for participating in the revolution and political power management.

　　Protect the legitimate rights and interests of women. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has formulated a policy program on women’s liberation and reform of marriage and family. The border governments, especially the central workers’ and peasants’ democratic government, have successively formulated marriage laws and regulations applicable to the whole Soviet area, abolished feudal arranged marriage, prohibited the storage of maidservants and concubines, established a monogamous marriage system, and practiced freedom of marriage. The property obtained after marriage became the joint property of husband and wife, which liberated women physically and economically for the first time, improved their social status and stimulated their enthusiasm for participating in revolution and production.

　　Cultural, educational and health undertakings have also developed in the areas led by the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Central Soviet Area promulgated the Outline of the Constitution of chinese soviet republic, which made it clear that the working masses enjoyed equal right to education, and built schools and organized various workshops to improve the people’s cultural level. In the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, the government has taken night classes and newspaper reading groups to eliminate illiteracy, and set up primary and secondary schools because of poor skills, and established universities and research institutions such as Lu Xun Art College and Yan ‘an Academy of Natural Sciences, striving to develop cultural and scientific undertakings. Chinese soviet republic established the Central Committee for Epidemic Prevention, and established the Ministry of Health (departments) at the provincial, county and district levels, vigorously built workers’ and peasants’ hospitals, poor clinics and public health centers, trained medical personnel and organized mass epidemic prevention and health campaigns, which significantly improved the people’s medical and health conditions.

　　(D) The new China has opened up a broad road for safeguarding human rights.

　　The founding of New China in 1949 marked the arrival of a new era of people’s rights, the end of the history of exploitation, oppression and slavery of China people in modern times, and the new beginning of human rights practice in a big eastern socialist country led by communist party.

　　Since the founding of New China, the development of human rights in China has gone through three historical stages:

　　The first stage: after the founding of New China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people of China to carry out socialist revolution and construction, established the basic socialist system, completed the most extensive and profound social changes in China’s history, and formulated China’s first socialist constitution, which laid a fundamental political premise and institutional foundation for the development of human rights in China. In terms of political construction, the people’s democratic political system has been established and consolidated, the principles of people’s democracy and socialism have been established, and the system of people’s congresses has been established, thus institutionally ensuring that all state power belongs to the people. In terms of economic construction, the land reform has been basically completed, which has stimulated the people’s great creativity; Carry out socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, establish a socialist basic economic system, and ensure that the people participate in economic development and share the fruits of labor on an equal footing. In terms of social construction, the Marriage Law was promulgated and implemented, "a new democratic marriage system with freedom of marriage for men and women, monogamy, equal rights for men and women and protection of the legitimate interests of women and children"; Promote the development of education, medical care and health care, establish a three-level medical prevention and health care network at the provincial, city, county, county, township and village levels, and establish a labor insurance and social relief system. In terms of ethnic policies, we oppose and deny ethnic oppression and discrimination, adhere to ethnic equality and implement a system of regional ethnic autonomy. In the aspect of legal system construction, other important laws are formulated and implemented in accordance with the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) to protect citizens’ basic rights.

　　The second stage: Since the reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people of China to successfully open up the road to Socialism with Chinese characteristics, which greatly liberated and developed the social productive forces, better guaranteed the people’s rights to subsistence, development and basic rights, and greatly developed the human rights cause in China. Reform and opening up is a great revolution led by the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Communist Party of China (CPC) regards development as the top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country and the key to solving all problems in China, vigorously develops social productive forces, strives to promote human rights protection through development, and constantly improves people’s living standards, which greatly mobilizes people’s enthusiasm. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China adheres to the rule of law in an all-round way, and regards respecting and protecting human rights as an important principle of state governance. Promoting the development of human rights has been incorporated into the national development strategy and planning. A human rights protection system suitable for its national conditions has been established and continuously improved, and a human rights protection system with China characteristics has taken shape.

　　The third stage: Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the goal and task of getting rid of poverty and tackling key problems have been completed as scheduled, and decisive achievements have been made in building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the human rights cause in China has developed in an all-round way. The Communist Party of China (CPC) adheres to the people-centered development thought, bases itself on the new development stage, implements the new development concept, constructs a new development pattern, takes promoting high-quality development as the theme and meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, and promotes the overall layout of the "five in one" and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout in a coordinated manner, thus greatly enhancing the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security. The "Belt and Road" initiative proposed by China has been solidly promoted, and the major concept of building a community of human destiny has become a broad consensus.

　　Second, the ruling strategy of respecting and protecting human rights

　　(A) the constitutional principle of respecting and safeguarding human rights

　　Constitution is the fundamental law of the country and the guarantee of citizens’ rights. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China has established a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution as the core, laying a solid foundation of the rule of law for the protection of human rights.

　　In September 1954, the first session of the First National People’s Congress adopted the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC), declaring that "all power in People’s Republic of China (PRC) belongs to the people" and stipulating that citizens enjoy a wide range of rights and freedoms in political, economic, social, cultural and personal aspects. In December, 1982, the current Constitution adopted at the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress advanced the "Basic Rights and Duties of Citizens" to the second chapter and placed it after the first chapter "General Program", which further highlighted the important position of citizens’ rights and expanded the scope of rights protection. Since then, the National People’s Congress has passed five constitutional amendments in 1988, 1993, 1999, 2004 and 2018 respectively, and continuously strengthened the protection of human rights in terms of basic economic system, distribution system, protection of citizens’ private property, and establishment and improvement of social security system.

　　In March 2004, the Second Session of the Tenth National People’s Congress passed the Amendment to the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC), which formally enshrined "the state respects and protects human rights" in the Constitution. From this, "respecting and protecting human rights" has become the basic principle of the entire rule of law system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it has also become the code of conduct and legal obligations that all state organs, armed forces, political parties, social organizations, enterprises and institutions must abide by. All laws, regulations and normative documents shall not contradict it.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people to fully and conscientiously implement the Constitution and took the lead in fulfilling the constitutional responsibility of respecting and safeguarding human rights. China promotes the implementation of the Constitution and implements the principles and spirit of human rights protection stipulated in the Constitution by improving laws, regulations and institutional systems and developing various national undertakings. Establish a constitutional implementation and supervision mechanism suitable for the political system and basic national conditions, set up the Constitution and Law Committee of the National People’s Congress, promote constitutional review, strengthen constitutional implementation and supervision, ensure the implementation of constitutional provisions, and better safeguard constitutional authority.

　　(B) the ruling philosophy of respecting and safeguarding human rights

　　Serving the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Communist Party of China (CPC) pursues the people-centered development thought, insists on governing for the people, and makes development for the people, development depends on the people, and development results are shared by the people, and respects and guarantees human rights throughout its governance and self-construction.

　　At the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in 1997, it was the first time that "ensuring people to enjoy a wide range of rights and freedoms and respecting and safeguarding human rights" was written into the report of the congress. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, held in 2002, reaffirmed "respecting and protecting human rights" and included "people’s political, economic and cultural rights and interests are truly respected and guaranteed" and "promoting people’s all-round development" in the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. At the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in 2007, "respecting and protecting human rights and guaranteeing the rights of all social members to participate and develop equally according to law" was written into the report of the congress, and "respecting and protecting human rights" was officially written into Constitution of the Communist Party of China.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has paid more attention to improving the institutional mechanisms for respecting and safeguarding human rights, starting from comprehensively deepening reforms and accelerating the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. In 2012, the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China wrote "human rights are effectively respected and guaranteed" into the report of the congress, and promoted it as one of the important strategic goals of building a well-off society in an all-round way and comprehensively deepening reform and opening up. In 2014, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Advancing the Rule of Law, emphasizing "strengthening judicial protection of human rights" and "enhancing the awareness of the whole society to respect and protect human rights", clearly proposing to strengthen judicial protection of human rights and legislation in key areas, protect citizens’ rights in accordance with the law, speed up the improvement of the legal system that embodies fair rights, fair opportunities and fair rules, and ensure that citizens’ personal rights, property rights, basic political rights and other rights are not violated. In 2015, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee made it clear that "effective protection of human rights" was a major goal of the rule of law construction during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.

　　In 2017, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made it clear that the main social contradiction in China in the new era is the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. We must adhere to the people-centered development thought and constantly promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China drew a beautiful blueprint for the cause of human rights in China: from 2020 to 2035, on the basis of building a well-off society in an all-round way, people’s rights to equal participation and equal development were fully guaranteed; From 2035 to the middle of this century, on the basis of basically realizing modernization, China will be built into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power, and the common prosperity of all people will be basically realized, and the people of China will enjoy a happier and healthier life; Strengthen the protection of human rights under the rule of law and ensure that people enjoy a wide range of rights and freedoms according to law. In 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee pointed out that enhancing people’s well-being and promoting people’s all-round development are the essential requirements for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to build the party for the public and govern for the people. In 2020, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee adopted "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Goals for the Year 2035", which set "promoting the all-round development of people and society" and "promoting the all-round development of human rights" as the higher goals of China’s development.

　　(3) National development plans that respect and protect human rights

　　From 1953 to 2021, China has formulated fourteen national economic and social development plans (plans) to make arrangements for the country’s economic, social, cultural and environmental development.

　　According to the suggestion of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, the 14th Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held in March 2021 discussed and adopted the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035, and specifically put forward the goals, tasks, principles and measures for China’s economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction in the next five and fifteen years. It emphasizes that people should be the center, the new development concept should be adhered to, the people’s dominant position should be adhered to, the direction of common prosperity should be adhered to, the fundamental interests of the people should be safeguarded, the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all people should be stimulated, social fairness and justice should be promoted, people’s well-being should be enhanced, and people’s yearning for a better life should be continuously realized. These development thoughts contain extremely rich spirit of respecting and safeguarding human rights.

　　Safeguarding economic, social and cultural rights, especially the right to work, the right to basic living standards, the right to social security, the right to health, the right to education, the right to culture, the right to environment, the right to property and so on, is related to everyone’s survival and development. The state formulates development outlines, plans and plans for various undertakings, and constantly promotes the protection of citizens’ basic rights. In the past ten years alone, The relevant departments of the China Municipal Government have formulated and implemented the Outline of Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in China (2011-2020), the Outline of Healthy China 2030, the Outline of National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development (2010-2020), the Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Human Resources and Social Security, the Outline of National Ecological Environmental Protection and the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan to Promote Nationalities. Exhibition Outline (2011-2020), China Children’s Development Outline (2011-2020), Thirteenth Five-Year National Plan for the Development of the Elderly and the Construction of the Pension System, the Thirteenth Five-Year Development Outline for the Disabled in China, and the Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization (2018-2022), and so on. The state has also made great efforts to protect civil and political rights,In particular, a series of safeguard systems and measures have been formulated to protect citizens’ personal rights, the right to a fair trial, freedom of religious belief, the right to know, the right to participate, the right to express and the right to supervise.

　　China has actively responded to the initiative of the international community. Since 2009, it has formulated and implemented three national human rights action plans, making it one of the few countries in the world to formulate human rights action plans continuously. At present, the formulation of the fourth National Human Rights Action Plan (2021-2025) has also started. China’s national human rights action plan has been integrated with the national development plan.

　　Third, build a fundamental system in which the people are the masters of the country.

　　Since the founding of New China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has adhered to the people’s dominant position, and set out from the national conditions and reality, established a system of people being the masters of the country with the people’s congress system as the fundamental political system, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), the system of regional ethnic autonomy and the system of grass-roots mass autonomy as the main contents, laying a solid institutional foundation for safeguarding the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.

　　(A) the fundamental political system of human rights protection

　　The people’s congress system is the fundamental political system in China. The core of this system is to ensure that all state power belongs to the people, and the people participate in the management of state affairs through the organizational form of people’s congresses and exercise their rights as masters of the country.

　　The people’s congress system fundamentally guarantees the people’s right to be masters of their own affairs. First, the National People’s Congress is the highest organ of state power. The National People’s Congress and local people’s congresses at all levels are democratically elected, accountable to the people and supervised by the people. The right to vote and stand for election are the primary civil rights. Voters or electoral units have the right to elect representatives in accordance with legal procedures, and have the right to recall their elected representatives in accordance with legal procedures. Second, the people’s congresses and their standing committees strictly follow the principle of democratic centralism, collectively exercise state power, collectively decide issues, and represent and reflect the will and fundamental interests of the people. The term of office of the National People’s Congress and local people’s congresses at various levels is five years, and the session of the National People’s Congress is held once a year, and the session of local people’s congresses at various levels is held at least once a year. Third, the people’s congresses exercise state power in a unified way, and the state administrative organs, supervisory organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs are all produced by the people’s congresses, responsible for them and supervised by them. Fourth, the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee exercise state legislative power. Amendments to the Constitution shall be adopted by the National People’s Congress with a majority of more than two thirds of all the deputies. Laws and other bills are passed by the National People’s Congress with all the deputies or more than half of the members of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC).

　　By April 2021, there were more than 2.62 million deputies to people’s congresses at all levels in China. Deputies to people’s congresses at all levels come from all ethnic groups, industries, classes and political parties, and they are widely representative. There are a considerable number of workers and farmers’ representatives in people’s congresses at all levels. Among the deputies to the 13th National People’s Congress, workers and peasants accounted for 15.7% of the total. In order to ensure that the power of the state is truly in the hands of all the people, deputies must reflect and represent the interests and will of the people when performing their duties. Deputies have the right to propose bills, consider bills and reports and vote on bills according to law, and their speeches and votes at various meetings of the People’s Congress are protected by law.

　　Practice has fully proved that the implementation of the people’s congress system in China is a great creation of Chinese people in the history of human political system. The people’s congress system is a fundamental political system that conforms to China’s national conditions, embodies the nature of China’s socialist country, and ensures that China people are masters of their own affairs. People of all ethnic groups in China firmly hold the future and destiny of the country and the nation in their own hands through the system of people’s congresses.

　　(B) the human rights protection of the political party system

　　The political party system in China is a multi-party cooperation and political consultation system led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), which is different from the two-party or multi-party competition system in western countries and the one-party system implemented in some countries. In China, there are eight democratic parties besides the ruling the Communist Party of China (CPC). The democratic parties are not opposition parties, nor are they opposition parties. They are close friends who accept the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and cooperate with the Communist Party of China (CPC), and are Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s participating parties. "communist party’s leadership and multi-party cooperation, communist party’s ruling and multi-party participation in politics" are the basic characteristics of China’s political party system. This system is a new type of political party system that grew from the soil of China. It was established and developed by the Communist Party of China (CPC), democratic parties and personages without party affiliation in the long-term practice of China’s revolution, construction and reform. It is a basic political system in China, with historical inevitability, great originality and great superiority.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) has made great efforts to develop socialist democracy through multi-party cooperation and political consultation system, and promoted the extensive and multi-level institutionalized development of deliberative democracy. The main contents of democratic parties and personages without party affiliation participating in politics are: participating in state power, participating in consultations on important principles and policies and important leaders, participating in the management of state affairs, and participating in the formulation and implementation of national principles and policies, laws and regulations. The Communist Party of China (CPC) held direct consultations with democratic parties and personages without party affiliation on major issues concerning the national economy and people’s livelihood before and during the decision-making, and held extensive consultations with people from all walks of life in the CPPCC.

　　According to incomplete statistics, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central committees of democratic parties and personages without party affiliation have put forward more than 730 opinions and suggestions to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. From the first session of the 13th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference in March 2018 to April 2021, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference received a total of 23,048 proposals. Many opinions and suggestions were adopted, which played an important role in building consensus and promoting national modernization.

　　The system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) has realized the organic unity of ruling and participation in politics, leadership and cooperation, consultation and supervision, which embodies the essential requirements of socialist democracy, is conducive to safeguarding the interests and demands of all social strata in China, is conducive to listening to people’s voices, reflecting people’s wishes and enhancing people’s well-being, and embodies people’s rights demands in content and people’s being masters of their own affairs in procedure.

　　(C) the protection of human rights in the system of regional ethnic autonomy

　　China is a unified multi-ethnic country. It is the principle and purpose of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s ethnic policy to build a strong sense of the Chinese nation community, always maintain national integrity and unity, and realize the common unity, struggle and prosperity of all ethnic groups. The system of regional ethnic autonomy refers to a system in which, under the unified leadership of the state, regional autonomy is practiced in areas where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities, and organs of self-government are established to exercise autonomy. The system of regional ethnic autonomy is clearly defined in the Constitution and the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, and it is a basic political system in China.

　　The implementation of regional ethnic autonomy in China is based on territorial integrity and national unity, which embodies the combination of unity and autonomy, ethnic factors and regional factors, and fully conforms to the national conditions and reality of China. China’s regional ethnic autonomy is autonomy under the unified leadership of the state, and all ethnic autonomous areas are inseparable parts of China. The organs of self-government in ethnic autonomous areas are local governments at the first level under the leadership of the central government and must obey the unified leadership of the central government.

　　The implementation of regional ethnic autonomy ensures that ethnic minority citizens enjoy equal and free rights and economic, social and cultural rights from the institutional and policy levels. Among the standing committees of the people’s congresses in 155 ethnic autonomous areas, citizens of ethnic groups exercising regional autonomy are directors or deputy directors; The chairmen, governors, county heads or banners of local governments in ethnic autonomous areas are all citizens of ethnic groups exercising regional autonomy. According to the characteristics and needs of ethnic minorities, China helps ethnic minority areas to accelerate their economic and cultural development.

　　(D) the protection of human rights in the grass-roots democratic system

　　Grassroots democracy is closely related to safeguarding the vital interests of the people. Grass-roots democracy in China has many forms, such as rural villagers’ autonomy with villagers’ committees as the organizational form, urban residents’ autonomy with urban residents’ committees as the organizational form, and workers’ autonomy in enterprises and institutions with workers’ congresses as the organizational support. The people widely and directly participate in the management of social affairs. The constitution, the organic law of villagers’ committees, the organic law of urban residents’ committees, the trade union law and other laws and regulations have made corresponding provisions on the grass-roots democratic self-government system, providing a legal basis and institutional guarantee.

　　The broad masses of people directly exercise the rights of democratic election, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision in urban and rural grassroots mass autonomous organizations, and realize self-management, self-service, self-education and self-supervision. Nearly 2.8 million members of village (neighborhood) committees were elected by urban and rural residents according to law, and the system of village (neighborhood) people’s meetings and village (neighborhood) people’s representative meetings was gradually improved, and the channels for urban and rural residents to participate in democratic decision-making were further broadened. All localities rely on village (neighborhood) people’s councils, village (neighborhood) people’s councils, village (neighborhood) people’s hearings and other forms to carry out flexible and diverse deliberation and consultation activities. Village regulations and residents’ conventions have achieved full coverage, and self-discipline of urban and rural residents has become more standardized. The village (neighborhood) affairs supervision committee was established in an all-round way, the publicity of village (neighborhood) affairs continued to deepen, and democratic appraisal and economic responsibility audit were generally carried out. Twenty-eight provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have formulated 35 local laws and regulations on democratic management of enterprises, and initially formed an enterprise democratic management system with workers’ congress as the basic form, factory affairs publicity, workers’ directors, workers’ supervisors and equal consultation collective contract system as the legal form, and workers’ democratic management committees and democratic councils as the supplementary forms.

　　Iv. promoting the all-round development of all human rights

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) insists on safeguarding people’s right to subsistence and development as the primary basic human rights, and insists on safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood in development, promoting human rights through development, and striving to promote the all-round development of human rights and people.

　　(1) Effectively protect the people’s right to subsistence.

　　After a long and unremitting struggle, the people of China have achieved the goal of turning over and liberating to solve the problem of food and clothing, and from a basic well-off society to an all-round well-off society, and are moving towards the goal of common prosperity.

　　Poverty is the biggest obstacle to the realization of human rights. China continues to carry out poverty reduction activities centered on rural poverty alleviation and development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made a strategic plan to resolutely win the battle against poverty, defined the objectives and tasks, and gathered the strength of the whole party, the whole country and the whole society to launch the battle against poverty. After eight years of continuous struggle, by the end of 2020, China has completed the goal and task of getting rid of poverty in the new era as scheduled. Under the current standards, 98.99 million rural poor people have all been lifted out of poverty, 832 poverty-stricken counties have all taken off their hats, and 128,000 poverty-stricken villages have all been listed, thus solving the overall regional poverty. China has made great achievements in poverty reduction, which not only rewrote the history of human rights in China, but also created a new miracle of human rights protection in the world. It achieved the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule, significantly reduced the territory of the world’s poor population, and contributed more than 70% to global poverty reduction.

　　People’s living standards have been greatly improved. In 1952 and 1978, China’s GDP was 67.9 billion yuan and 367.9 billion yuan respectively, and its per capita GDP was 119 yuan and 385 yuan respectively. In 2020, China’s GDP reached 101,598.6 billion yuan, exceeding the 100 trillion yuan mark, with a per capita GDP of 72,000 yuan, exceeding 10,000 US dollars for two consecutive years. In 1956 and 1978, the national per capita disposable income was 98 yuan and 171 yuan respectively, and the per capita consumption expenditure was 88 yuan and 151 yuan respectively. In 2020, the per capita disposable income of the national residents is 32,189 yuan, and the per capita consumption expenditure of the residents is 21,210 yuan.

　　The level of protection of the right to life and health has been greatly improved. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always adhered to the public welfare nature of health undertakings, and continued to deepen the reform of the medical and health system. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has emphasized that "the protection of people’s health should be given priority to development" and "without the health of the whole people, there will be no overall well-off society" and made a major decision to build a healthy China. In 2019, the average life expectancy of China residents increased from 35 years in 1949 to 77.3 years, and the maternal and infant mortality rates decreased to 17.8 per 100,000 and 5.6&permil 100,000 respectively. The main health indicators are generally better than the average level of middle and high income countries. The protection level of women’s and children’s right to life and health has been greatly improved, and it has been listed as one of the 10 countries with high performance in maternal and child health by the World Health Organization.

　　Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic has broken out all over the world, which is the biggest global epidemic that human beings have encountered in the past century, and it is a serious crisis and severe test for the whole world. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, China insists on putting people first and life first, and puts the protection of people’s life safety and health first. Carry out the largest medical support operation since the founding of New China, mobilize national medical resources and strength, and fully support medical treatment in Hubei and Wuhan. From January 24th to March 8th, 2020, 346 national medical teams, 42,600 medical personnel and more than 900 public health personnel were mobilized to help Hubei. 19 provinces supported 16 cities in Hubei Province except Wuhan by counterpart support and provincial package. We should adopt an active, scientific and flexible treatment strategy, be cautious from beginning to end, and go all out to treat every patient, from the baby born only 30 hours to the elderly over 100 years old, and save every patient’s life at any cost. Free treatment for patients will be implemented, and funds for epidemic prevention and control will be allocated in time to ensure that patients will not be affected by the cost, and that medical treatment and epidemic prevention and control will not be affected by the funding. Some critically ill patients pay hundreds of thousands or even millions of yuan for treatment, all of which are borne by the state. Vaccination in this round of COVID-19 is free for all. Under the premise of informed and voluntary consent of the recipients, the vaccine and vaccination costs will be borne by the medical insurance fund, and the finance will subsidize the medical insurance fund.

　　(2) substantially improve the level of protection of economic, social, cultural and environmental rights.

　　Employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood. The Communist Party of China (CPC) gives priority to promoting employment in economic and social development, and adheres to the employment priority strategy and a more active employment policy. In 2020, under the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the CPC Central Committee made overall plans to promote the prevention and control of the epidemic and economic and social development, listed employment as the first of the "six guarantees" and "six guarantees", and introduced a series of policy measures such as reducing burdens, stabilizing posts and expanding employment, and the employment situation gradually stabilized and improved. At the end of 2020, the urban survey unemployment rate was 5.2%; In the whole year, 11.86 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, 2.86 million more than the expected target of 9 million.

　　China has built the world’s largest social security system, including pension, medical security and social assistance, and its coverage is constantly expanding and the level of security is constantly improving. In 2020, the coverage of basic medical insurance will reach 1.36 billion people, with a total of 44.27 million urban and rural minimum living allowances. By April 2021, the number of people participating in basic old-age insurance in China was 1,009.61 million. Since 2016, a long-term care insurance system has been piloted, and direct settlement of medical treatment across provinces has been initiated, and the public service capacity in the social security field has been continuously improved.

　　Living and travel conditions have been continuously improved. The per capita housing construction area of urban residents and rural residents in China was 6.7 square meters and 8.1 square meters respectively at the beginning of the reform and opening up, and increased to 39.8 square meters and 48.9 square meters respectively in 2019. The implementation of affordable housing projects in cities and towns has helped about 200 million needy people improve their housing conditions, promoted the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas, and continuously improved urban and rural living conditions. By 2020, the national highway mileage will reach 5.198 million kilometers, 64 times that of the early days of the founding of New China, and the expressway mileage of 161,000 kilometers will rank first in the world. The mileage of rural roads reached 4.38 million kilometers, and the bus service rate in established villages reached 99.4%, making it a reality for farmers to "go out on cement roads and lift buses on their feet". Urban passenger transport infrastructure, such as public buses and trams, and rail transit, has developed rapidly, and new formats and new modes, such as online car rental, internet bicycle rental and time-sharing leasing, have emerged constantly. The national railway operation mileage reached 146,000 kilometers, including 38,000 kilometers of high-speed railways. There are 241 national civil aviation (certification) airports.

　　Citizens’ right to education is guaranteed. The investment in education has increased substantially, the conditions for running schools have improved significantly, the level of running schools has been continuously improved, rural education has been strengthened, and education equity has taken significant steps. Free compulsory education in urban and rural areas will be fully realized. In 2020, the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education will be 95.2%, and the popularization of compulsory education will reach the average level of high-income countries in the world. In 2020, the gross enrollment rate of high school education will reach 91.2%, exceeding the average level of upper-middle-income countries. With the rapid development of vocational education, higher education has moved from the popularization stage to the popularization stage. In 2020, there will be 9,674,500 students enrolled in ordinary colleges and 1,106,600 students enrolled in postgraduate education.

　　Socialist cultural undertakings have prospered in an all-round way, a public cultural system covering urban and rural areas has been gradually established, and public cultural facilities have been gradually opened free of charge. By 2019, there were 44,073 mass cultural institutions in China, including 33,530 township comprehensive cultural stations; There are 8094 literary and art groups organized by mass cultural institutions nationwide; There are 441,800 mass amateur literary and art groups under the guidance of cultural centers (stations). There are 3.713 million sports venues in China, with an area of 3.1 billion square meters and a per capita sports venue area of 2.2 square meters. The coverage of public sports venues, national fitness centers, sports parks (or parks equipped with sports facilities) and public fitness facilities has been greatly improved.

　　China adheres to the basic national policy of protecting the environment, upholds the people’s livelihood view that "a good ecological environment is the most universal well-being of people’s livelihood" and takes the road of sustainable development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have adhered to the green development concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", incorporated the construction of ecological civilization into the overall layout of "Five in One" in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and adhered to the development path of ecological priority, green and low carbon. Satellite images show that about 1/4 of the newly added green area in the world from 2000 to 2017 came from China, ranking first in the world in terms of contribution. According to preliminary accounting, the carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP in 2020 is 48.4% lower than that in 2005, exceeding the greenhouse gas emission control target of 40%-45%. In 2020, the proportion of clean energy consumption in total energy consumption will rise to 24.3%, an increase of 17.7 percentage points over 1978; The average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities at or above the prefecture level was 28.8% lower than that in 2015. The proportion of sections with excellent surface water quality (Grade I-III) in China has increased to 83.4%, while the proportion of sections with poor grade V has decreased to 0.6%.

　　(3) Coordinating and promoting the protection of civil and political rights.

　　The protection of personal rights has been continuously strengthened. The constitution confirms the personal rights of citizens. The legislative law stipulates that only the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee have the right to legislate on matters such as crimes and penalties, deprivation of citizens’ political rights, compulsory measures and penalties that restrict personal freedom, and judicial system. The criminal law establishes the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a crime, the principle of equal application of the criminal law, and the principle of adaptation between crime and punishment, and punishes criminal acts that violate citizens’ rights such as life, health and freedom according to law. The Criminal Procedure Law puts "respect and protection of human rights" into the general provisions, clearly stipulates the principle of presumption of innocence and the rule of excluding illegal evidence, and protects the human rights enjoyed by criminal suspects, defendants and criminals according to law. The Civil Code emphasizes that personal freedom and personal dignity are protected by law, and clearly stipulates that citizens’ personal rights are protected by law, and no organization or individual may infringe upon them. Administrative laws such as the Administrative Punishment Law and the Administrative Enforcement Law protect citizens’ personal rights by standardizing administrative power. In order to better protect citizens’ personal freedom, China has successively abolished the reeducation through labor and the education system of asylum.

　　The right to vote is guaranteed by law. The right to vote and the right to stand for election are the basic political rights of citizens stipulated in the Constitution. All China citizens who have reached the age of 18, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education level, property status and length of residence, have the right to vote and stand for election except those who are deprived of political rights according to law. Based on the principles of universality, equality, the combination of direct and indirect elections, differential elections and secret voting, China guarantees everyone’s equal right to vote in accordance with the law, realizes the election of deputies to the National People’s Congress in urban and rural areas according to the same proportion of the population, and ensures that all regions, ethnic groups and all sectors have an appropriate number of deputies.

　　The right to know, the right to participate, the right to express and the right to supervise have been continuously improved. Establish and improve the normalized working mechanism for public consultation on draft laws. As of April 2021, the national legislature had a total of 230 draft laws for public consultation. During the public consultation period of the draft civil code, a total of 1,021,834 opinions were received from 425,762 people. Vigorously promote the openness of government affairs, with the principle of openness and the exception of non-disclosure, and comprehensively promote the disclosure of power lists, responsibility lists and negative lists. The list of powers of government departments at the provincial, city and county levels has been published throughout the country. Improve the decision-making mechanism according to law, pay attention to enhancing the effectiveness of public participation, improve the quality of expert argumentation, and protect citizens’ right to participate in administrative decision-making according to law. Constantly improve the system of letters and visits, deal with letters and visits in a timely manner according to law, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the masses. The national petition information system connects the petition departments of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and 42 central and state organs to facilitate the masses to reflect the situation, put forward suggestions or complaints. Establish a system for soliciting people’s suggestions, unblock the channels of public opinion expression, and innovate the way of mass supervision. Establishing a convenient and efficient network expression platform, citizens actively making suggestions and expressing their demands on the Internet, and participating in social management in an orderly manner have become an important channel for the whole process of democracy. Safeguard the rights of citizens and social organizations to supervise state organs and public officials. The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has fulfilled its duty of constitutional legal supervision, improved the filing and examination system, and established a national unified filing and examination information platform.

　　Implement a policy of freedom of religious belief. China has always adhered to the policy of separation of church and state and freedom of religious belief based on its national conditions and religious reality, maintaining religious harmony, building a positive and healthy religious relationship, and respecting and protecting citizens’ rights to believe in and not believe in religion. The state protects normal religious activities and manages religious affairs involving national interests and social public interests according to law, but it does not interfere in internal religious affairs. Support all religions to adhere to the principle of independence and self-management, and conduct foreign exchanges on the basis of independence, equality, friendship and mutual respect. In China, religious citizens and non-religious citizens respect each other and live in harmony, actively participate in reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and jointly contribute to the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　(4) comprehensively safeguarding the rights of specific groups.

　　Adhere to the equality of all ethnic groups. Ensure that people of all ethnic groups enjoy equal rights to manage state affairs according to law. China guarantees the rights enjoyed by ethnic minorities through laws and regulations such as the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, the Electoral Law, the Education Law, the Law on the Common Language of the State, and the Employment Promotion Law. All the 55 ethnic minorities in China have their own deputies to the National People’s Congress and members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. Among the deputies to the 13th National People’s Congress, there are 438 ethnic minorities, accounting for 14.7%. There are 247 ethnic minority members in the 13th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Committee, accounting for 11.45%. We will develop ethnic education, promote boarding education in the vast agricultural and pastoral areas, hold ethnic preparatory classes and ethnic classes, focus on running higher education in ethnic areas, and safeguard the right of ethnic minorities to education. At present, nine-year compulsory education from primary school to junior high school has been fully popularized in ethnic minority areas, and 15-year free education from preschool to senior high school has been realized in Xizang Autonomous Region and southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Except for the Hui people who used Chinese in history and the Manchu and She people who basically switched to Chinese, the other 52 ethnic minorities all have their own languages, and more than 20 ethnic minorities use nearly 30 languages. The state guarantees the legal use of minority languages in administrative management, judicial activities, press and publication, radio, film and television, culture and education and other fields according to law.

　　China has established a legal system that comprehensively protects the rights and interests of women and children, including more than 100 laws and regulations, and has successively formulated and implemented a three-cycle development program for women and children, which has effectively promoted the coordinated development of women and children’s undertakings and the economy and society. Formulate special laws to prevent and stop domestic violence and protect the legitimate rights and interests of family members. The criminal law and the criminal procedure law have been revised and improved many times, the protection of minors has been strengthened, criminal acts against minors have been severely cracked down, and the special protection system for minors involved in crimes has been improved. By April, 2021, there were more than 1,800 juvenile courts, more than 1,500 procuratorial organs for minors and more than 4,400 prosecutors for procuratorial organs for minors.

　　Respecting the elderly is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. The law on the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly has been revised and improved many times, and 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have formulated supporting local laws and regulations to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly. In November 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the National Medium-and Long-Term Plan for Actively Responding to Population Aging, further strengthening the top-level design of the protection mechanism for the rights and interests of the elderly. The subsidy system for the elderly with financial difficulties, such as the elderly and the disabled, will achieve full coverage at the provincial level and actively build a health service system for the elderly. By March 2021, there were more than 330,000 institutions and facilities for the aged in China, with 8.172 million beds for the aged. 14.77 million elderly people are included in the urban and rural subsistence allowances, 3.838 million elderly people are included in the assistance and support of the poor, and 32.902 million elderly people enjoy different types of old-age subsidies such as old age and nursing.

　　残疾人权利保障不断加强。截至2021年4月，直接保护残疾人权益的法律有90多部，行政法规有50多部。全面建立困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度，截至2020年，有1212.6万困难残疾人享受了生活补贴，1473.8万重度残疾人享受了护理补贴。实现家庭经济困难的残疾学生12年免费教育，北京、辽宁、江苏、西藏、新疆等省（区、市）实现残疾学生15年免费教育。国家为残疾人提供职业培训和就业服务，截至2020年，累计有631.4万残疾人接受了职业技能培训。大力支持无障碍环境建设，积极推进康复辅助器具产业发展，建立实施残疾儿童康复救助制度，不断完善低收入重度残疾人社会化照护服务体系。加快发展精神障碍社区康复服务，推进精神卫生福利机构建设。

　　五、依法保障公民基本权利

　　中国共产党将依法治国和人权保障有机结合，贯穿于社会主义法治建设全过程。在推进全面依法治国进程中，科学立法为保障人权提供了坚实的法律体系，严格执法为保障人权提供了良好的法治政府环境，公正司法为保障人权提供了有力的司法救济途径。建立了以党章为本、若干配套党内法规为支撑的党内法规制度体系，强力反腐维护人民利益。

　　(A) improve the legal system for the protection of basic rights

　　Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics has been formed, and legislation on human rights protection is relatively complete. Based on the Constitution, China has formulated and improved a series of legal systems to protect human rights, which provides a legal basis for the protection of human rights. By April 2021, there were 277 laws in force in China, covering the Constitution and its related laws, civil and commercial law, administrative law, economic law, social law, criminal law, litigation and non-litigation procedure law and other fields. The civil code embodies the equal protection of rights in life and health, property safety, happiness and personal dignity, which is of great significance to safeguarding people’s rights and interests according to law and promoting the development of human rights in China. Laws and regulations such as the Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion Law, Food Safety Law, Infectious Disease Prevention Law and Sports Law have made detailed provisions for safeguarding citizens’ right to life and health. Criminal law and criminal procedure law establish principles and rules such as a legally prescribed punishment for a crime, presumption of innocence and exclusion of illegal evidence, and explicitly prohibit extorting confessions by torture; The legislation law, the administrative compulsory law and the administrative punishment law have made strict legal reservations on compulsory measures and punishments that restrict personal freedom; The electoral law, labor law, education law and other laws and regulations incorporate citizens’ right to vote, to be elected, to work and to receive education into the basic security system.

　　(2) Building a government ruled by law with basic rights guaranteed.

　　We will continue to strengthen administration according to law and build a government ruled by law with scientific functions, statutory powers and responsibilities, strict law enforcement, openness and fairness, honesty and efficiency, and law-abiding integrity. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have successively issued the Implementation Outline for the Construction of a Government under the Rule of Law (2015-2020) and the Plan for the Construction of a China under the Rule of Law (2020-2025), and put forward measures to realize the goal of building a government under the rule of law from the aspects of government functions, administrative system, administrative decision-making, administrative law enforcement and legal thinking, so as to effectively protect citizens’ basic rights.

　　Restrict administrative power within the framework of the rule of law. Establish the principle of administrative law enforcement without authorization, complete the reform of administrative institutions, and prohibit external rights and illegal use rights. We will implement the provisions on the formulation, supervision and management of administrative normative documents and major administrative decision-making procedures, and implement the system of government legal advisers and public lawyers. The procedure of administrative law enforcement is more scientific and standardized. The benchmark system of administrative discretion and the systems of investigation and evidence collection, notification, confiscation income management and execution connection of administrative law enforcement are established. The publicity system of administrative law enforcement, the record system of the whole process of law enforcement and the legal review system of major law enforcement decisions are fully implemented. The scope of hearing matters is expanded according to law, the effectiveness of hearing procedures is clarified, non-compulsory law enforcement means are promoted, human law enforcement and flexible law enforcement are implemented, and the "first violation without punishment system" is established.

　　Comprehensively strengthen administrative law enforcement supervision and relief. Realize the information management and synchronous recording of case flow, and strengthen the real-time supervision of law enforcement activities. Establish a performance appraisal system with law enforcement evaluation as the main content, improve the fair and efficient administrative reconsideration system that is convenient for the people, build an administrative law enforcement information platform and an administrative law enforcement supervision network platform, and realize the specialization of law enforcement team, standardization of law enforcement behavior, systematization of law enforcement management and informationization of law enforcement process. Strengthen the accountability mechanism and effectively regulate administrative law enforcement.

　　Building a service-oriented government. Continue to deepen reform, accelerate the transformation of government functions, maintain a level playing field by means of the rule of law, and strengthen supervision and services. End the examination and approval of non-administrative licenses, fully implement the notification commitment system for certification matters and business license matters related to enterprises, and strengthen and continuously optimize the supervision after the event. Compile a list of government services, establish a system of "good and bad reviews" for government services, simplify work processes, and create a high-quality and efficient service environment. Promote online public services, focus on building a national integrated online government service platform, promote the standardization, standardization, intensive construction and interconnection of government service platforms in various regions and departments, and promote the equalization, generalization and convenience of basic public services.

　　(3) Improve the judicial system for the protection of basic rights.

　　Deepen the reform of the judicial system, optimize the allocation of judicial powers, and ensure that the procuratorial power of judicial power is exercised independently and fairly according to law. We will promote the reform of the classified management system for judicial personnel and the judicial professional security system. We will implement unified management of people and property of local courts and procuratorates below the provincial level, promote the establishment of people’s courts and procuratorates across administrative divisions, and set up intellectual property courts, internet courts and financial courts in some provinces and cities.

　　We will fully implement the judicial responsibility system, deepen the comprehensive reform of the judicial responsibility system, clarify the powers and responsibilities of judges and prosecutors in handling cases, improve the disciplinary mechanism, and strengthen supervision. The people’s courts improve the list of trial powers and responsibilities, strictly investigate the responsibility for illegal trials, and achieve "letting the judges judge and the judges are responsible". The People’s Procuratorate has established an evaluation index system and evaluation mechanism for prosecutors’ performance based on the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of handling cases, so as to realize "whoever handles cases is responsible and who decides who is responsible". Strictly implement the relevant provisions to prevent judicial interference.

　　Strictly implement the filing and registration system in an all-round way to fully protect the parties’ right to appeal. Adhere to the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity and apply penalties accurately. We will improve the criminal procedure, standardize the application of the lenient system of pleading guilty and admitting punishment, improve the implementation mechanism of the quick adjudication procedure of criminal cases, deepen the diversion of complicated cases, promptly and effectively punish crimes according to law, and protect human rights. In 2020, the annual application rate of the system of pleading guilty and accepting punishment will reach 86.8%. Amend the Civil Procedure Law, improve the civil evidence system, and promote the effective settlement of disputes. The pilot program of simplifying and diverting civil procedures was launched in 305 courts in 20 cities in 15 provinces. Strengthen the judicial protection of public interests and improve the system of public interest litigation by procuratorial organs. Amend the administrative procedure law, strengthen the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the administrative counterpart, and issue relevant regulations for the person in charge of the administrative organ to appear in court.

　　Deepen judicial openness and establish and improve the sunshine judicial mechanism. Constantly strengthen the trial process, trial activities, judgment documents, the implementation of information judicial public platform and 12309 China procuratorial network information public platform, China procuratorial hearing network construction. By April, 2021, there were more than 100 million documents and 60.734 billion visits in China Judgment Document Network, and the cumulative number of live court trials in China exceeded 12.676 million. Strengthen the supervision of judicial activities, deepen the supervision of criminal proceedings, strengthen the supervision of civil administrative proceedings, and carry out supervision of public interest litigation. Implement the people’s jury law, constantly improve the people’s jury system, and deepen the reform of the people’s supervisor system.

　　Guarantee the right of the parties to a fair trial. We will further promote the reform of the trial-centered criminal procedure system, strictly implement the legal principles and rules such as a legally prescribed punishment for a crime, no doubt, evidence adjudication, and the exclusion of illegal evidence, improve the mechanism of testifying in court, and realize the essence of trial. Fully protect the rights of defense and legal assistance of criminal suspects and defendants, and carry out pilot projects of full coverage of lawyers’ defense in criminal cases; Safeguard the litigation rights of defense lawyers such as meeting, marking papers, investigation and evidence collection, cross-examination and debate and defense; We will improve the mechanism for ensuring lawyers to perform their duties according to law, and establish and improve the rapid linkage mechanism for safeguarding lawyers’ practice rights. Insist on seeking truth from facts, correct mistakes, and prevent and correct unjust, false and wrong cases. Strictly control and use the death penalty with caution, and greatly reduce the crimes of applying the death penalty.

　　Safeguard the legal rights of criminal suspects, defendants, prisoners, community correction targets, drug addicts and released prisoners. Further improve the system of commutation, parole and temporary execution outside prison, continue to build an open, dynamic, transparent and convenient prison sunshine law enforcement mechanism, and continuously improve the standardized level of prison law enforcement. Formulate and introduce the community correction law and its implementation methods, constantly promote the institutionalized, standardized and professional development of community correction work, and carry out activities such as supervision, management and education assistance according to law to promote the smooth return of community correction objects to society in an open social environment. Introduce anti-drug laws, drug rehabilitation regulations, etc., protect the legitimate rights and interests of drug addicts according to law, and carry out law enforcement supervision. Establish and improve the mechanism and system for social organizations to participate in helping and educating special groups, implement social assistance and employment placement measures, and promote the smooth integration of released prisoners into society.

　　Establish and improve the system of right relief and judicial assistance. The state compensation system has been established and improved, and the compensation standard has been continuously improved with the economic and social development. The daily compensation for infringement of citizens’ personal freedom has increased from 17.16 yuan in 1995 to 373.10 yuan in 2021. We will improve the national judicial assistance system, set up judicial assistance committees, and establish and improve the linkage mechanism between judicial assistance, social assistance and legal aid to help the aggrieved parties who cannot obtain effective compensation get rid of their living difficulties.

　　Establish and improve public legal services. Accelerate the construction of a modern public legal service system covering urban and rural areas, which is convenient, efficient, equal and inclusive. Establish and improve the legal aid system, issue criminal, civil and administrative legal aid service standards, and increase legal aid. Comprehensively promote the development of lawyers. By April 2021, the total number of lawyers in China had reached 529,000.

　　VI. Promoting the development of human rights in the world

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) insists on seeking freedom and happiness for the people of China and peace and progress for human society. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has proved by her own practical actions that she is a political party that loves peace and progress, a political party dedicated to the cause of human justice, and a political party that promotes the continuous development of the cause of human rights in the world.

　　(1) Committed to the cause of world peace and progress

　　At the beginning of the founding of New China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) regarded the maintenance of world peace as the major concern of human destiny. China actively supports the just cause of developing countries to get rid of colonial rule, realize national independence and eliminate apartheid. In 1950s, the Communist Party of China (CPC) took the lead in proposing five principles: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. In 1955, the Bandung Conference confirmed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as the basis for establishing friendly cooperation and good-neighborly relations between Asian and African countries. The Non-Aligned Movement, which emerged in the 1960s, took the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as its guiding principle. The relevant declarations adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1970 and 1974 accepted the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Today, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are not only an important cornerstone for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to handle international affairs, but also widely endorsed and observed by the international community, and are recognized as the basic norms of international law and international relations.

　　In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Communist Party of China (CPC) assessed the situation and made a judgment that peace and development were the themes of the times. Holding high the banner of peace, development, cooperation and win-win, China has become an important force to promote the peaceful development of human society. China upholds the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, upholds the international system with the United Nations at the core and the international order based on international law, adheres to the concept of global governance and a new security concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable, and strives to promote the peaceful settlement of disputes and safeguard world peace and regional security and stability. Since 1990, China’s army has officially joined United Nations peacekeeping operations; In 2000, China sent police to carry out peacekeeping mission for the first time. Up to now, China has sent the largest number of peacekeepers among the permanent members of the UN Security Council, and is also the second largest contributor to UN peacekeeping funds. China has sent more than 40,000 peacekeepers to Sudan, Lebanon, Cambodia, Libya and other countries and regions, and participated in nearly 30 UN peacekeeping operations.

　　China actively participates in the international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation process, opposes the arms race and maintains global strategic balance and stability. China has signed or acceded to more than 20 multilateral arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation treaties, including the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China actively participates in the political settlement of international and regional hot issues. China actively participates in international law enforcement and security cooperation, and strengthens cooperation under the framework of international and regional organizations such as the United Nations, Interpol and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to combat all terrorism, separatism, extremist crimes and drug crimes.

　　While China is committed to its own development and poverty eradication, it provides development assistance to other developing countries without any political conditions by building complete sets of projects, providing general materials, carrying out technical cooperation and human resources development cooperation, sending foreign aid medical teams and volunteers, providing emergency humanitarian assistance and reducing the debts of recipient countries, so as to help recipient countries enhance their independent development ability, enrich and improve people’s lives and promote economic development and social progress. Over the past 70 years, China has provided assistance to 166 countries and international organizations, dispatched more than 600,000 aid workers, and announced seven times that it will unconditionally forgive the debts of heavily indebted poor countries and least developed countries with interest-free loans to China. China has actively provided medical assistance to 69 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean and Oceania, and has helped more than 120 developing countries to implement the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Since 1998, China has provided humanitarian demining assistance to more than 40 countries with a total value of more than 100 million yuan through donations, aid materials, training and on-the-spot guidance, and trained more than 1,000 professional deminers to help mine-affected countries clear up mine hazards.

　　China actively participated in the consultations on the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, comprehensively implemented the agenda at home, and took the lead in publishing the national plan and progress report on the implementation of the agenda, achieving early harvest in many fields. Under the framework of South-South cooperation, help other developing countries to implement the agenda. By 2020, the China-United Nations Peace and Development Fund’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Sub-fund has successively started to implement 34 projects, covering three major areas: economy, society and environment, which has injected strong impetus into the global implementation of the agenda. In 2015, China announced the establishment of the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund, and has implemented more than 100 development cooperation projects in disaster relief, health, women and children, refugees and environmental protection in more than 50 countries in Asia, Africa and America.

　　(2) Actively participating in international human rights affairs.

　　China has ratified or acceded to 26 international human rights instruments, including 6 core United Nations human rights treaties. China abides by its human rights treaty obligations, actively links its domestic laws and policies with its treaty obligations, submits its performance report in time, comprehensively and objectively reflects China’s progress, problems and difficulties in its performance, and earnestly fulfills its international human rights treaty obligations. China actively participated in the consideration of China’s performance report by various treaty bodies, focused on constructive dialogue with relevant human rights treaty bodies, and actively adopted recommendations in light of national conditions. Since 2009, China has accepted the universal periodic review of the United Nations Human Rights Council for three times and successfully passed the approval. China has given serious and responsible feedback to the suggestions made by all countries. The vast majority of countries affirmed China’s achievements in human rights development and China’s contribution to the human rights cause in the world.

　　Since China resumed its lawful seat in the United Nations in 1971, it has actively participated in international human rights mechanisms. Since 1982, China has been a member of the Human Rights Commission and has been re-elected. Since the establishment of the Human Rights Council in 2006, China has been elected as a member of the Council for five times, and nearly 20 China experts have served as members of many multilateral human rights bodies or special committees of the United Nations. China has maintained constructive contacts with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and her office, and has hosted eight visits to China by the High Commissioner for Human Rights and invited many officials of the High Commissioner to visit China for exchange. By April 2021, China had invited nine special mechanisms, including the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion and belief, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, the Special Rapporteur on the right to education, the Special Rapporteur on torture, the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, the Working Group on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the independent expert on the impact of foreign debt on human rights, the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, and the independent expert on the rights of the elderly, to visit China for 11 times. China takes seriously the letters from the special mechanisms of the Human Rights Council, and gives timely replies on the basis of careful investigation.

　　China participated in the formulation of international human rights norms, and participated in the working group meetings on the formulation of important human rights documents such as the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, and the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. As one of the main promoters, China participated in the drafting of the Declaration on the Right to Development. China promoted the adoption of the Bangkok Declaration by Asian countries and participated in the drafting of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action as the vice-president of the Second World Conference on Human Rights. China actively participates in the formulation of international rules in the fields of labor protection, humanitarianism and social responsibility. As one of the first parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, China participated in and effectively promoted the multilateral process of climate change throughout the process, and made positive contributions to the conclusion of the Paris Agreement.

　　China actively promotes the reform of international human rights institutions in a more just, reasonable and inclusive direction. In the process of establishing the United Nations Human Rights Council, China advocated equitable geographical distribution of Member States and enhanced the representation of developing countries in the Human Rights Council. China advocates reversing the current situation of politicizing human rights issues, avoiding double standards, reducing and avoiding confrontation, promoting cooperation, and pushing the Human Rights Council to consider human rights issues in a fair, objective, non-selective and universal manner. China supports the UN Human Rights Council to set up special thematic mechanisms such as safe drinking water, cultural rights and the rights of the disabled. Advocate the convening of special meetings on issues such as food security and international financial mechanisms, and actively promote the improvement of international human rights mechanisms. China supports the necessary reform of the human rights treaty bodies, so as to promote the treaty bodies to perform their duties in accordance with the treaty mandates and conduct dialogue and cooperation with States parties on the basis of mutual respect.

　　Since 1990, China has conducted dialogues and exchanges on human rights with western countries and international organizations such as the United States, Australia, Canada, Britain, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, New Zealand and the European Union, and held human rights consultations with developing countries or international organizations such as Russia, Egypt, South Africa, Brazil, Malaysia, Pakistan, Belarus, Cuba and the African Union. Social organizations such as the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development actively participated in the meetings and activities of the United Nations Human Rights Council, organized delegations to visit dozens of countries in Asia, North America, South America, Europe, Oceania and Africa, and invited government officials, experts and scholars from many countries in the field of human rights to visit China, which enhanced understanding and mutual trust. Through international human rights exchange activities such as Beijing Human Rights Forum, South-South Human Rights Forum, China-EU Human Rights Seminar and China-US Judicial and Human Rights Seminar, China has expanded international human rights exchanges and cooperation and enhanced mutual understanding with other countries on human rights issues.

　　(3) Promoting the building of a community of human destiny.

　　The "One Belt, One Road" initiative is an important practical platform to promote the building of a community of human destiny. This initiative upholds and follows the principle of cooperation, co-construction and sharing, adheres to the concept of openness, greenness and honesty, actively promotes policy communication, facility connectivity, smooth trade, financial intermediation and popular support, and pursues the goal of achieving high standards, sustainability and benefiting people’s livelihood. It is an initiative for common development and an initiative for safeguarding human rights. According to the research report of the World Bank, the "One Belt, One Road" initiative will lift 7.6 million people out of extreme poverty and 32 million people out of moderate poverty, which will increase the trade of participating countries by 2.8% to 9.7%, global trade by 1.7% to 6.2% and global income by 0.7% to 2.9%. The Belt and Road Initiative is not only a road to peace, prosperity, openness, innovation and civilization, but also a road to human rights for the common development of all mankind.

　　China strives to build a fair, reasonable, win-win global environmental governance system and jointly build a community of human and natural life. China has established a high-level dialogue mechanism between China and Europe on environment and climate, continued South-South cooperation on climate change, launched the China-Africa Environmental Cooperation Center, and actively promoted the process of "Global Biodiversity Framework after 2020". China regards cooperation in the field of ecological civilization as the key content of building the "Belt and Road", launches a series of green action initiatives, and adopts a series of measures such as green infrastructure, green energy, green transportation and green finance to continuously benefit the people of all countries involved in building the "Belt and Road". China has proposed to strive to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. This is a major strategic decision made by China based on the responsibility of promoting the building of a community of human destiny and the inherent requirements of achieving sustainable development.

　　China actively promotes the construction of human health community. China actively supports recipient countries to further improve medical and health conditions, improve the level of disease prevention and control, and strengthen public health capacity building by building hospitals, providing drugs and medical equipment, sending medical teams, training medical personnel, and jointly carrying out exchanges and cooperation with developing countries in disease prevention and control. By April, 2021, China had dispatched 27,000 medical team members and treated 280 million patients. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, China has insisted on strengthening exchanges and cooperation with the international community, and has provided assistance and support to international organizations and other countries to the best of its ability, contributing China’s wisdom and China’s strength to the global fight against the epidemic. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader personally promoted international cooperation and called on all countries to unite and cooperate to overcome the epidemic and jointly build a human health community. As of April 2021, China has provided 50 million US dollars in cash assistance to the World Health Organization, sent 37 medical expert groups to 34 countries, provided or is providing anti-epidemic assistance to 151 countries and 14 international organizations, and supported the United Nations Global Humanitarian Response Plan for the COVID-19 epidemic, which has strongly supported the international community’s epidemic prevention and control. At the same time, China has actively carried out international scientific research exchanges and cooperation, strengthened communication with the World Health Organization, and carried out scientific research exchanges and cooperation with relevant countries in traceability, drugs, vaccines and testing, shared scientific research data and information, and jointly studied prevention, control and treatment strategies.

　　VII. Enriched and developed the diversity of human rights civilization.

　　There is no ready-made rules and regulations to respect, protect and develop human rights in China, and we must proceed from our own reality and follow our own path. The Communist Party of China (CPC) insists on combining the principle of universality of human rights with its own reality, and has successfully embarked on a road of human rights development in line with national conditions, enriching and developing the diversity of human rights civilization.

　　— — Adhere to the unity of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and socialist system with respect for and protection of human rights. Without the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), there would be no socialist system; Without the socialist system, the fundamental rights and interests of all the people cannot be guaranteed. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s political principle on human rights is that the people are the masters of the country, and the realization of the people being the masters of the country is mainly reflected in the acquisition and realization of rights such as democracy, freedom and equality, which is also an important content of socialist core values. At the same time, developing the cause of human rights and constantly improving the level of human rights protection can better uphold the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and develop the socialist system, thus achieving long-term stability and prosperity of the country.

　　— — Insist on promoting human rights protection through development. Development is the key to solving all the problems in China, and it is also the starting point to promote the progress of human rights in China. The Communist Party of China (CPC) insisted on proceeding from the national conditions and creatively put forward the human rights view that "the right to subsistence and the right to development are the primary basic human rights", and constructed the "code" for the continuous development and progress of human rights in China. The right to life is the premise and foundation of enjoying other rights, and it is the right in the first place. The right to development and the right to subsistence are closely linked. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is convinced that the only way to realize the human rights dream of the people of China is to give priority to the right to subsistence and development, and constantly promote the all-round development of all human rights.

　　— — Adhere to the people-centered concept of human rights. The Communist Party of China (CPC) comes from the people, takes root in the people, serves the people and seeks happiness for the people. Taking the people as the center, pursuing the supremacy of the people and upholding the people’s dominant position are the core human rights concepts of the Communist Party of China (CPC). In his letter to the symposium commemorating the 70th anniversary of the publication of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader put forward the concept of human rights in the new era that "people’s happy life is the greatest human right", which endowed the development of China’s human rights cause with new meaning in the new era. The concept of human rights in the new era embodies the people’s nature of human rights and scientifically points out the most essential characteristics of developing human rights in China. There is no best human rights, only better; Human rights protection is only carried out when it is not completed. China’s human rights cause should be judged by the people of China, and whether the sense of gain, happiness and security of the people of China are satisfied should be the yardstick.

　　— — Insist on promoting the all-round development of people. Promoting people’s all-round development is the goal for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to lead the people of China to become a powerful country in socialist modernization, and it is also the highest pursuit for the development of Chinese’s rights cause. Classical Marxist writers believe that "the free development of everyone is the condition for the free development of all people". The all-round development of human beings is not only the all-round development of all people, but also the all-round development; It is not only the all-round development of human personality, ability and knowledge, but also the full development of human rights. In the great cause of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Communist Party of China (CPC) promotes the all-round development of human rights, which is to create and provide conditions for the realization of "free and all-round development of human beings". The Communist Party of China (CPC) attaches importance to both collective human rights and individual human rights; Attach importance to the primacy of the right to subsistence and development, and the coordinated development of civil rights, political rights and economic, social and cultural rights; It not only attaches importance to the coordination of economy, society, resources and environmental protection, but also attaches importance to the sustainable development of the unity of current and long-term well-being of mankind.

　　— — Adhere to the mission of building a community of human destiny. In the face of the unprecedented changes in the world today, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader put forward a major concept of "building a community of human destiny". This important concept pursues the people first, cares about the development of people, and aims to build a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty. This important concept puts more emphasis on the spirit of tolerance, cooperation, openness and win-win, which meets the demands of people all over the world for peace, development, cooperation and progress. This great concept conforms to the requirements of the development and progress of human society, and has contributed China’s wisdom and provided China’s plan to promote the development of human rights in the world. This great idea has been written into many UN documents and has become an ideological proposition with great influence on the development of the world today.

　　Concluding remarks

　　From a small boat on the Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing in the past to a giant sailing ship that leads the national rejuvenation today, it is a century-old party and a century-old glory. No matter how the situation changes, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has closely linked itself with the future and destiny of the Chinese nation. In the period of revolution, construction and reform and the practice of the new era, Do not forget your initiative mind always remembers his mission, leaving a monument on the land of China to seek happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation, and writing a glorious chapter in the history of world civilization to seek peaceful development for mankind and build a community of human destiny.

　　History shows that there would be no new China without the Communist Party of China (CPC); Without the Communist Party of China (CPC), there would be no continuous development and progress of human rights in China. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the fundamental guarantee for the development of human rights in Chinese and the fuller enjoyment of human rights by the people of China.

　　Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, China won the tough battle against poverty, made great strategic achievements in building a well-off society in an all-round way, and achieved the first century-long struggle goal as scheduled. the Communist Party of China (CPC) fulfilled its solemn commitment to the people and history. At present, the Communist Party of China (CPC) is leading the people of the whole country to work hard to realize the goal of the second century and the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. By the centenary of the founding of New China, China will be a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful modern socialist country. By then, the rights of the people of China will be guaranteed to a higher level, and the people of China will enjoy dignity, freedom and happiness. By then, the world will be more prosperous and developed because of China, and China will certainly make greater contributions to promoting the development of human rights in the world.