According to the latest research data, it is estimated that the cumulative automobile sales in China will reach 26.19 million by the end of 2016. By then, the number of cars will reach an astonishing 193 million, which is also the highest data of car ownership in China. With the gradual saturation of the domestic automobile market and the maturity of the traditional car-making technology, the entire automobile industry is bound to usher in an upgrade and transformation, and today’s rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles is one of the breakthroughs in the automobile industry that are now highly anticipated by Chinese people.

The Internet of Vehicles, specifically, refers to a large-scale system network that carries out wireless communication and information exchange among V2V, V2R, V2H and V2I through electronic components such as GPS positioning, RFID (radio frequency technology) identification, sensors, cameras and image processing integrated in automobiles according to agreed communication protocols and data interaction standards.It is an integrated network that can realize intelligent traffic management, intelligent dynamic information service and intelligent vehicle control..

Many people understand car networking as car networking, but it is actually an interconnected system on every car, and its mechanism is similar to the relationship between mobile phones and mobile phone systems. After constructing the information platform, the Internet of Vehicles can integrate ITS, logistics, passenger and freight transportation, dangerous vehicles, auto repair and auto parts, car rental, vehicle management of enterprises and institutions, automobile manufacturers, 4S shops, vehicle management, insurance, emergency rescue, mobile Internet and other ecological chains.

In the existing promotion of domestic car networking products, almost all of them are large-size touch screens based on Android system. If you think about the actual functions of these products, smartphones can actually be realized. On the other side of the ocean, the car networking in the United States is fundamentally different from smart phones. It shares the information of all participants in traffic, thus making the whole transportation system smarter and more efficient, and greatly reducing accidents and congestion.

From a straight point of view, the functions that the Internet of Vehicles should realize are: when reversing, the system will remind whether there is a vehicle passing behind; When passing an intersection without a signal light, the system will warn whether there is a car in the blind area of vision; After the combination of vehicle networking and autonomous driving, vehicles can obtain the speed, direction and location information of all traffic participants through the vehicle networking, as well as the information of traffic lights and signs. Under the automatic planning of the system, traffic congestion will also be greatly reduced.

It is not what most people know: you can chat on WeChat, order a takeaway, look at the webpage and find a parking lot through the car platform.

And the reason for this phenomenon is not difficult to think of.At this stage, the domestic car networking is almost dominated by Internet companies, and Internet companies have not yet got rid of the habit of being keen on grabbing Internet portal resources. In this way, at this stage, the domestic car networking still stays in the networking of vehicles, and has not really realized the interconnection of vehicles.

From the perspective of the entire car networking industry chain, the main body is divided into four sections: end, management, cloud and big data.

The terminal, namely the intelligent display mode of V2X interaction, is responsible for collecting and obtaining the intelligent information of vehicles and sensing the driving state and environment. The derivatives include smart phones, car navigation machines, car central control screens and so on.

Tube, that is, the vehicle behavior and other conditions are transmitted to the channel of the cloud platform through data, and the interconnection problems between vehicles (V2V), vehicles and infrastructure (V2I) and vehicles and cloud (V2C) are solved, which are mainly transmitted by network operators. Derivatives include network communication sources and mobile data signals.

Cloud, that is, through the cloud platform, provides cloud services for vehicle scheduling, monitoring, management and data aggregation.

Big data platform, that is, by integrating, calculating and applying data, connects the cloud platform with 4S stores, automakers, insurance companies and Internet companies, and provides them with data-based user portraits, marketing strategies and other support services.

However, in order to realize V2X, the tube plays a key role. At this stage, whether it is the front-loading networking products of traditional car companies or the after-loading smart car networking products of various Internet companies, they are basically still in the stage of closed-door creation, and the ecology is relatively closed. Perhaps there can be some interconnection between their own products, but they have not achieved cross-brand interconnection.

Of course, the realization of V2X is not achieved by one or two enterprises. First of all, we lack a mandatory and effective platform and standard, without which there is no way. Secondly, the domestic road traffic situation has always been quite complicated, and drivers’ driving habits are also different. Even the supporting traffic facilities need to be improved, so it is easy to imagine the difficulty of connecting these infrastructures to the Internet. Further, the Internet of Vehicles also relies heavily on high-precision maps and road information to judge the lane and accurately locate it, but at present, the domestic high-precision has not been truly commercialized.

Regarding the current situation of car networking in China, Wang Qiang, CEO of Feichi Magnesium, thinks that car networking is not simply equivalent to car+Internet, and it is not just to connect the car directly with the mobile phone and pad, or to transplant the application on the mobile phone to the big screen in the car. The real car networking in the sense of front-loading should be "car+car networking", in which the car networking is a relatively closed technical system as opposed to the public mobile Internet. Because the attribute of a car is a safe and high-speed vehicle, the most basic thing is safety, not functional richness.

Therefore, if you want to connect vehicles, both safety and intelligence are indispensable, which is the first difference in concept. Many people think that the Internet of Vehicles is the central control screen, but in fact, the car is a part. Mobile phones and wearable devices should also be able to access related services on the cloud, and display different services according to the characteristics of the screen, which are uniformly provided by the cloud.

Therefore, the root cause of the domestic car networking not realizing V2X lies in the lack of relevant industry standards.However, at the 3GPP meeting in September this year, the formulation of LTEV2V standard was formally completed, and it is expected that the formulation of other standards such as V2X will be completed in March 2017. China joined the 3GPP as early as 1999, so the related standards of car networking may also be applicable in China, so the real car networking era may break out next year.

With the continuous expansion of the application scope of the Internet of Vehicles, security attacks will increase accordingly. There have been many accidents and attacks on the Internet of Vehicles, such as:

The recall of Fiat Chrysler Automobile Company in the United States. Hackers use internet technology to invade the "Uconnect" system of a moving Cherokee jeep and remotely control the acceleration and braking system, radio and wipers of the car.

The BMW ConnectedDrive digital service system was invaded, and hackers could use this vulnerability to invade the interior of the vehicle in a remote and wireless way and open the door.

Tesla Model S was invaded, and network security experts opened the door and drove away through the loopholes in Model S. At the same time, they could send a "suicide" command to Model S and suddenly shut down the system engine during normal driving of the vehicle.

In addition, the MegamosCrypto protection system of Volkswagen brands such as Audi, Porsche, Bentley and Lamborghini has also been breached.

The general network architecture of the Internet of Vehicles is based on the TSP background, and vehicles are connected to it through the car or T-box, and the App on smart devices interacts with it through Wi-Fi or other communication networks, and third-party content and service providers need to be connected to it. In addition, TSP may also be connected to some other systems within the car enterprise. Therefore, to sum up, the car networking system is vulnerable to attacks as follows:

1. Car end: infotainment system, T-box, internal CAN network and external keys.

2. Apps on mobile phones and watches

3. OBD equipment connected with CAN network.

4. Cloud server where the TSP background is located

5. Communication process, including communication from car, T-box to background, communication from App to background, etc.

Next, we will start from the perspective of multiple market segments in the field of car networking to see how they ensure the security of the car networking network.

• After loading networking equipment, it is necessary to isolate the bottom of the vehicle.

At present, the smart rearview mirror is the most common among the after-installed smart car networking products in the automobile market, while the smart rearview mirror products in China, such as Jidou Car Networking Company, connect the equipment with the CAN network of the vehicle to monitor the vehicle data. So how can the security of such a connection be guaranteed? Wang Yifei, CEO of Jidou Car Network, said that their products adopt the way of isolating the bottom of the car and adding a hardware firewall to ensure the safety of the car. In case of hacker intrusion, the hacker can’t obtain the underlying information of the vehicle, so he can’t control the vehicle, and the relevant data of the vehicle can’t be obtained and tampered with. At the software and cloud level, polar bean has also done a lot of security work, thus forming a set of all-round protection.

However, most of these rear-loading networking devices are connected by OBD interface, and hackers need to ensure that OBD devices are in the car and not far away from the car if they want to attack, so it is unlikely that hackers will attack.

• Operators of front-loading networking equipment and networking platform adopt terminal hardware protection and cloud key application.

Cai Dong, the executive vice president of Feichi Magnesium, summed up the above-mentioned vulnerable points, which are actually the three core points of vehicle terminal, server terminal and mobile terminal in the Internet of Vehicles, and their security solutions are mainly concentrated on these three key points. In the vehicle terminal, the embedded security chip is used to manage keys and encryption operations. At present, the T-BOX product ConnectedEngine adopts this technology, and the security level has been recognized by the automobile factory, which has entered the pre-assembly sequence of the automobile factory. On the server side, the security products and policies provided by the cloud service provider are configured, and the self-developed key application SDK is loaded, which is responsible for encrypting data with the vehicle-mounted terminal and the mobile terminal.

In the mobile terminal APP, the key codes are dynamically encrypted and tampered with, and the mobile terminal equipment, user account number, information and mobile phone number are bound by digital certificate technology to ensure the legal reliability of the mobile terminal. In the aspect of password application, the combination of symmetric encryption and decryption, asymmetric encryption and decryption and HASH algorithm is adopted to ensure the security and integrity of data communication while minimizing the impact on performance.

• Communication service providers adopt hierarchical security architecture to ensure the safety isolation of equipment.

As the world’s top communication service provider, Huawei is also involved in the field of vehicle networking communication, and Huawei’s Kald Lab is an organization specializing in vehicle networking security architecture. Dr. Li Tieyan from Huawei’s Kald Lab, when preaching the security architecture of vehicle networking, said: "In order to deal with all kinds of security threats inside and outside the vehicle, a new hierarchical security architecture is needed to ensure the safe isolation of vehicle-vehicle heterogeneous networks. The outermost defense line reduces all kinds of network attacks from the outside by strengthening the authentication technology between the vehicle and the outside world (V2X); The second line of defense can adopt firewall and intelligent detection technology to realize the security isolation, access control and anomaly detection between the entertainment and navigation systems in the car and the internal network of the car.

The existing vehicle architecture lacks the necessary security mechanism, which can’t avoid the hacker’s infiltration attack from the outside to the inside. It is necessary to rebuild the hierarchical linkage security architecture to realize the layer-by-layer protection of the safety-sensitive CAN(Controller Area Network) network segment and key ECU(Electronic Control Unit) components. "

As a key technology to support the hierarchical car networking security architecture, Kald Lab also shared their latest research results:

1. The CAN Bus message authentication scheme based on the international security standard ISO/IEC 9798-2 is simple and efficient, and can be integrated without adding new hardware.

2. A new anonymous authentication mechanism called Extended Dynamic Accumulator is proposed, which can ensure the true source of the message and not reveal the identity of the owner when communicating between cars and roadside facilities in the future, and effectively balance several key requirements (SAE J2945/1) put forward by SAE, such as safety, privacy, efficiency and dynamic membership change.

The future development trend of the Internet of Vehicles is irreversible. Major car companies and Internet companies are developing corresponding hardware, cloud and communication methods. However, at this stage, different modes are definitely not accessible, and data, technologies and standards of all parties should be integrated. When all enterprises in the field of car networking can follow the standards, the car networking may be able to usher in a real outbreak.

In addition, the Internet of Vehicles has been controversial since its birth, and it can be said that it has never been trusted by consumers, precisely because its security is not absolutely guaranteed. At this stage, the popularity of the Internet of Vehicles has not yet reached, and its powerful intelligent performance needs more users to use the same application before the corresponding big data can achieve the expected effect.

Let’s imagine that when the Internet of Vehicles becomes the mainstream product in the future automobile market, the resulting security problems will probably appear more frequently. Although related companies have been doing product safety maintenance and upgrading, there is no absolutely safe firewall in the world, and people certainly don’t want to drive their own vehicles at any time to be taken over by others. After all, the safety of vehicles is related to our lives, so safety is the most important thing on the road of vehicle networking development. We should not only see how the Internet of Vehicles makes our life more efficient and convenient, but ignore the dangers it may bring at any time.

　[titanium media author introduction: JOKER@ magnesium guest network, WeChat WeChat official account "magnesium guest network", Weibo @ magnesium guest network]

More industry analysis, pay attention to titanium media micro-signal (ID: taimeiti), or download titanium media App.

CCTV News:The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the goal of building a space power. Today is the 60th anniversary of the official launch of China’s launch vehicle industry. The reporter learned from China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation that China is building a road map of the future space transportation system. According to the plan, by 2045, China will build a space power in an all-round way.

The launch vehicle is the basic means of transportation for human beings to enter space. Some experts said: "The space stage is as big as the capability of the launch vehicle".

Consultant of Science and Technology Committee of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Wang Liheng, Academician of China Academy of Engineering:To build a space power, we must first do a good job in strategic research, top-level design, and formulate this development route. In 2045, we will (comprehensively) build a space power. We have put forward a series of road maps and suggestions on space technology, space science and space application.

According to the space transportation system roadmap:

By 2020, China’s mainstream rockets will reach the international first-class level and provide diversified commercial launch services for the whole world.

By 2025, China’s reusable suborbital launch vehicle has been successfully developed, and suborbital space tourism has become a reality. Sub-orbit generally refers to the airspace 20-100 kilometers above the ground, which is between the highest flying altitude of existing aircraft and the lowest orbital altitude of satellites.

By about 2030, the heavy-duty launch vehicle will make its first flight, and the level and capability of the space transportation system will enter the ranks of the world’s space powers.

By around 2035, the launch vehicle will be completely reused.

By around 2040, the next generation of launch vehicles will be put into use, and the space transportation system will realize long-term and multiple interplanetary round trips.

By 2045, China has the ability to explore space in a large-scale man-machine collaboration, and its equipment and technology are generally in the leading position in the world, which strongly supports the full realization of the goal of becoming a space power.

Author: Zhu Jiayin

Founder of Touch Music Network, known as Ka Gong, pen name COMMANDO.

A well-known gamer, he once wrote the interstellar novel "Go Forward"

In this episode, I will try to talk about the highlights of industrial videos that interest me.

In fact, the industrial video on hand accounts for a considerable proportion, probably because many people in its user group are engaged in this work. From strip steel workshops to CNC machine tools; From the little girl who made springs and soldered circuit boards to the engineer who built ships (maybe an engineer? ) can also be found.

I like "industry" like many people-don’t get me wrong, I’m not an industrial party, but I do have a fascination with those huge, bulky or precise machines, and the sense of power and the ability to transform nature contained in them make me fascinated. So since I started using Aauto Quicker, I have intentionally or unintentionally saved some industrial-related videos-of course, only part of them, and I found a bunch for writing this article.

As far as I’m concerned, I’ve got many scenes that have no intuitive impression at all through video. Let’s talk about strip steel. I know it is a kind of "strip billet with a length of about one meter and two, which is made of waste steel and refined by induction furnace, and its composition cannot be effectively controlled and analyzed", but I was amazed at the dangerous and poor production environment of this thing until I saw the video. I am addicted to the magnificence of these videos, and I am also frustrated by the hard working environment of the workers in some videos.

In the marginal areas of our country, perhaps, there are still many industrial workshops that still remain in the fifties and sixties, and my feelings about them are equally complicated. On the other hand, I also saw many amazing machines (in fact, there are workers, but I decided to put "the skills of workers" in a recommended list), such as mounter, which is what integrated circuit boards in our daily life are made of, but I don’t think most people have seen it when it works.

Of course, what attracts me is the state of "people" in the video. Most of the characters in the video are a little fragmented-on the one hand, they will express fatigue and boredom in the comments, on the other hand, the background music of almost all industrial videos is firm and powerful. You will hear a lot of songs in the video. The name of the song is "Done" and the lyrics are roughly as follows:

"Dry is finished, dry is finished.

Do something for yourself.

If you do it, you’re done.

Even the highest mountain is under my feet.

If you do it, you’re done.

Do a good job to honor your parents.

If you do it, you’re done.

Make a future and let your dreams blossom. "

The lyrics are easy to understand and the melody is simple and direct. I think they may need this kind of song to cheer themselves up. In addition to this song, there is also a song that often appears. Before the song begins, there is a passage similar to shouting Mai, which probably says: "You work hard, although you are a little embarrassed-but the way you support yourself is really beautiful …" Generally speaking, this is a cadence male voice. If there is anything that can be called "the dignity of workers", I think it is above.

In addition to this, I also hope that you can pay attention to the working environment and labor protection equipment of some workers-to be honest, these two points often make me feel complicated, but I won’t expand them here.

Overall, this video collection will try to give some "industrial" videos that impress me. As in the last issue, you can watch videos and pay attention to the uploaders. Another interesting detail is that many selected video uploaders will have scenes of them playing happily with their children in their personal upload records, usually during the Spring Festival.

In addition, the theme of the next issue is "On the Road", and you can see all kinds of people walking on the road in various ways for various purposes, some pushing tires, some riding unicycles, some driving RVs and some making their own sails and tricycles, which is very interesting.

steel

In 2018, the cumulative output of crude steel and steel products in China was 928 million tons and 1.106 billion tons, up 6.6% and 8.5% respectively.

When it comes to steel, we may have a particularly solidified impression in our minds, such as hot metal rushing, sparks flying, and steel workers poking at the stove with steel bars. But I didn’t choose these this time, but found some scenes that made me feel fresh.

Such as strip steel. This video is about the strip steel-making plant-the so-called strip steel, which is made of melted waste steel. Basically, the quality is completely uncontrollable. The state has already ordered a ban. But it is estimated that there is still production in some remote places.

What attracted me to the whole video was the skill of this worker, but as you can actually see, the environment of the whole factory is very dangerous, and this worker seems to have no protective equipment and measures. Their clothes will start to burn when they touch steel bars. The workers who work here have to work for 12 hours in a row, and then rest for 18 hours. The daily salary is about 300 yuan.

There is also an air hammer, which should be forging? In this video, three people are forging a part with an air hammer, including an aunt in pink pajamas. They are very casual, which makes the whole video full of a mysterious sense of conflict.

The next video is "Heat-treating the piston rod of well furnace". I checked, and the well furnace probably refers to a well-like road buried in the ground. As for the piston rod, I don’t know what kind of machinery it is used for. The whole video is very similar to the steelmaking process of our brain. The components that burn red are put into the pool to cool down, and the water mist is filled.

In this video, the comments should be hot rolled narrow strip steel. The worker’s working environment is very difficult-not only dangerous, but also high temperature.

Another video shot from a higher angle looks more impactful.

power

What I saw most about electricity on the Aauto Quicker-as far as I feel-is wind turbines, probably because the external signs of wind turbines are obvious and eye-catching, and you can see big trucks pulling a generator blade across the road every now and then. Although I have seen it many times, I still enjoy it every time.

But I don’t think many people may see the base of the wind turbine, do they?

After the foundation construction is completed, the support column of the engine will be erected, and it is not easy to fix the huge wind turbine on the foundation. The following video records this process-to be honest, I never thought that these screws are much stronger than I expected, and another video shows that the crane is erecting a high wind turbine support column.

Another video that impressed me was from a power line maintenance worker. Of course, it looks romantic, but we can’t ignore the danger.

Before that, they have to erect a high-voltage electric tower in the barren hills in a very primitive way-the background music of this video is so fashionable that people feel a little wonderful.

By the way, release another video of the same kind-in fact, there is nothing to see in the video, what matters is that it is used as the background sound. I still don’t know how to describe these words. If I want to praise these words, it may seem that I am too numb.

By the way, every product of industrialization is made up of many industrial products-for example, power lines, which are actually entangled in this way.

shipping

In 2018, the national shipbuilding completion volume was 34.58 million dwt; The new ship orders were 36.67 million deadweight tons, up 8.7% year-on-year, and the hand-held ship orders were 89.31 million deadweight tons, up 2.4% from the hand-held orders at the end of 2017.

But the most exciting thing is always the launching of ships. Maybe you have seen the description of launching ships of more than 10,000 tons before-using airbags or slide rails to let ships enter the water, but there are various videos of ships entering the water on the Aauto Quicker, with the description of "another ship, this one is not small!" In that case … It really looks like getting off the boat like jiaozi.

Of course, the marine main engine also looks scary … It’s huge …

Speaking of ships, by the way, send a Aauto Quicker video of a merchant ship passing through Somali waters …

retrieve

In fact, every time I hesitate to think about "how many videos to introduce this time". I want to give a little background introduction to each video, but if I talk too much, the article will be too long and there will be too many videos in it. I hope that each series of articles only mentions the role of a reminder, and interested people can find all kinds of strange things by following the map-desperate search for fun in an absurd world is also a positive life, isn’t it?

The recycling industry is estimated to be very popular in China, so there are often video introductions about recycling on hand. I have screened a few that look a little interesting, so let’s just watch them fresh.

Motor recovery center

It is said that this thing is called "H steel", and the people in the video seem to be breaking it down.

This is said to be a "scrap metal compressor"-it will crush cans into a square …

Infrastructure/bridges

In fact, I added this paragraph last, because I posted a miniature "cross-sea bridge" on Weibo by building a real bridge (this is another genre, but I will introduce it next time), and many people are interested in it … So just post a few casually-the selection criteria are basically "grand" or "magnificent".

It seems to be a suspension bridge (is that what it is called? ) Aauto Quicker video taken by workers during construction:

Aerial photography of bridge construction-although it looks like a professional program, I looked it up, and it seems that it was taken by amateur drones. Someone pointed out in the comments that "a pier costs about 5 million yuan".

　

Other messy videos.

I once posted a video of a spring-making machine on Weibo, and thousands of people told me that day that it was "extremely comfortable"-yes, it was really pleasant to see the beauty of this orderly industry.

This video was selected because its product may be familiar to everyone-glass balls. You may not expect that the manufacturing process of this thing is so industrialized …

This is a "god of welding craftsmen" who seems to have many years of experience in welding Sino-Russian natural gas pipelines.

And this is an old iron with a dream trying to reproduce the rotary engine.

And this is … some bold welders are welding their own ladders … To be honest, I don’t know if this is in line with the safety regulations …

Finally, let me end with something … more advanced.

This thing is called the film insertion machine, and it looks quite powerful …

Automatic garment making machine-although it seems that it is only used for sewing elastic bands …

Engine rotor winder, just … Very fast …

tag

At the time of writing this article, there is another wave on the Internet. Programmers finally can’t stand the excessive overtime work of Internet companies and try to make their own voices.

But at the same time, we should not ignore these workers. We can praise their diligence, wisdom and patience, but we should always know the dangers and hardships they face. They pay silently, then return to their hometown and disappear from our sight from beginning to end. And we are enjoying the fruits of their labor at a relatively low price. Of course, we may not be able to do anything for them, but don’t ignore them, don’t forget them, and don’t praise them with a self-righteous mood.

Finally, I selected three videos related to "people".

A worker who installed a wind turbine in a barren mountain spent his birthday on the construction site.

In the early morning, Foxconn workers walked to the production workshop.

The son of a special car driver is eating fast food. The driver wrote in the video description: "My son is really happy to eat. I must work hard for you."

Forwarding has been authorized by the author

Original title "Mysterious Aauto Quicker Series Part II: Industry"

Pay attention to "Aauto Quicker Daily"

Discover all kinds of life

ID：kwaidaily

Read the original text

　　According to the Central Meteorological Observatory, from 22nd to 23rd, the rainfall in the north will shift to Liaoning, Jilin, eastern Inner Mongolia and other places, among which Liaoning will experience the largest rainstorm this year, and the accumulated rainfall in some areas will exceed 100mm.

　　In terms of temperature, the northwest region will become the "main position" of high temperature in the coming week, and the local maximum temperature can reach above 40℃. In many places in the south, the high temperature increases, the air humidity increases and the sultry feeling intensifies.

　　Northeast China enters the main rainfall period.

　　Four districts in Beijing issued rainstorm warning

　　The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue rainstorm warning at 6 o’clock on the 22nd. It is expected that there will be heavy rains in parts of eastern Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, central and western Jilin, southern Heilongjiang, northwestern Jiangxi and northeastern Hunan during the day and night on the 22nd, and there will be heavy rains in parts of southeastern Inner Mongolia, western Jilin and central and western Liaoning.

　　On the 22nd, Haidian District, Chaoyang District and Pinggu District of Beijing issued a blue rainstorm warning, and Shunyi District issued a yellow rainstorm warning.

　　On the 23rd, there were moderate to heavy rains in parts of Heilongjiang, western Jilin, southeastern northwest, central Tibet, central and eastern Jiangnan and northern Sichuan Plateau, among which there were heavy rains in parts of central and western Heilongjiang.

　　Before the end of the month, there may be two rainy weather processes in the northern region. From 24th to 26th, there may be heavy rain in parts of North China, Huanghuai and Northeast China. From 28th to 31st, the eastern part of the northwest, north China, northeast China and other places will see obvious rainfall again.

　　The highest local temperature in northwest China is over 40℃

　　The high temperature in many places in the south has increased and the sultry feeling has intensified.

　　Northwest China is controlled by continental high pressure or high pressure ridge. In the next 10 days, high temperature weather will continue in Xinjiang basin, western Gansu and western Inner Mongolia. The highest temperature is generally 35℃ to 38℃, and the local temperature can reach above 40℃.

　　In the south, with the enhancement of subtropical high, the high temperature weather will also increase obviously. All the year round, in late July, many places in the south ushered in the period with the highest temperature in a year. In addition, the air humidity is high and the sultry feeling is aggravated, and many places will start the experience of "steaming up and cooking down".

　　■ How big is the rainstorm and rainstorm?

　　There is a clear distinction between rainstorms in meteorology. In China, rain with a 24-hour precipitation of 50 mm or more is called "rainstorm". According to its precipitation intensity, it is divided into three grades:

　　24-hour precipitation exceeding 50 mm is called "rainstorm";

　　More than 100 mm is called "heavy rain";

　　More than 250 mm is called "torrential rain".

　　However, every rainstorm is different. Whether the rainstorm lasts evenly in 24 hours or "pours down" in a short time will bring different impressions to the public.

　　■ What is a rain belt?

　　Observing the rainfall distribution map in flood season, it is easy to find that the rainfall is obviously banded, and the rain belt will move with time. Some areas are sometimes located at the southern end of the rain belt, and after the rain belt moves, it is located at the northern end of the rain belt, during which the rain does not stop.

　　In fact, the "tangible" rain belt is related to the subtropical high, a weather system that affects China’s weather all the year round. Subtropical high pressure prevails in downward flow, and the air is dry and hot, like a big steamer buckled on the ground. However, in the marginal area of subtropical high, updraft prevails, which is one of the necessary conditions for rainfall. The rain belt will swing with the seasonal movement of subtropical high.

　　■ Where is the "local" in the weather forecast?

　　"Local" is not a specific location in the weather forecast, but to some extent expresses the uncertainty and possible extremes of the forecast.

　　"Local" is often associated with strong convective weather such as thunderstorms, hail and short-term heavy precipitation. Most of these severe convective weather are produced by small and medium-scale systems, with short life history and rapid extinction. With the current forecasting ability, we can only predict the possible range of local strong weather in advance, but we can’t predict its exact location in advance.

　　Transfer from/CCTV News WeChat Comprehensive China Weather Network, Central Meteorological Observatory, China Meteorological Bureau, Beijing Meteorological Bureau

Bulletin of the Second National Pollution Source Survey in Hanzhong City

Hanzhong no.2 ci national pollution source census leading team office

(April 2021)

According to the National Pollution Source Survey Regulations and the Notice of the State Council on Carrying out the Second National Pollution Source Survey (Guo Fa [2016] No.59), the second national pollution source survey was carried out in our city.

The standard time of the census is December 31, 2017, and the data of the survey period is 2017. The survey targets are industrial pollution sources (hereinafter referred to as "industrial sources"), agricultural pollution sources (hereinafter referred to as "agricultural sources"), domestic pollution sources (hereinafter referred to as "living sources"), centralized pollution control facilities and mobile sources. This pollution source survey is divided into three stages: preliminary preparation, comprehensive survey and summary release: July 2017-July 2018 is the preliminary preparation stage, August 2018-October 2019 is the comprehensive prospecting stage, and November 2019 is the achievement summary and development stage.

In accordance with the unified arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government, under the correct leadership of the municipal party committee and the municipal government, the census institutions at all levels in our city have carefully organized and paid close attention to implementation, the vast number of census personnel have made selfless dedication and overcome difficulties, and the vast number of census objects have actively cooperated and participated. Our city has successfully completed the second national pollution source census task, comprehensively grasped the basic information of various pollution sources, the discharge amount of major pollutants, pollution control and other effective information, and established key pollution source files and pollution source information databases. The main data are now published as follows:

I. General situation

(A) the number of various census objects

The number of census objects in the city is 5574 (excluding mobile sources). Including 2716 industrial sources, 388 livestock and poultry farms, 2296 living sources, 163 centralized pollution treatment facilities, and 11 census objects in administrative districts.

(2) Emissions of pollutants

Total discharge of water pollution: chemical oxygen demand is 64,050 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 29,100 tons, total nitrogen is 62,200 tons, total phosphorus is 650 tons, animal and vegetable oil is 780.68 tons, petroleum is 4.00 tons, volatile phenol is 0.02 tons, cyanide is 0.41 tons, and heavy metal (lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and metalloid arsenic, the same below) is 0.27 tons.

Total emission of air pollutants: 18,000 tons of sulfur dioxide, 33,070 tons of nitrogen oxides and 43,920 tons of particulate matter. This census conducted a tentative investigation on volatile organic compounds in some industries and fields, with a discharge of 13,856.2 tons. Among them, the total amount of air pollutants discharged from key areas (downtown area) (excluding emissions from railway internal combustion engines in mobile sources) is 1,772.6 tons of sulfur dioxide, 1,648.7 tons of nitrogen oxides, 17,380.6 tons of particulate matter and 973.5 tons of volatile organic compounds.

Second, industrial sources

(1) Basic information

There are 2716 industrial enterprises or industrial activity units.

The top five counties and districts in terms of the number of industrial source census objects: 814 in Hantai District, 346 in Nanzheng District, 338 in Mian County, 328 in Chenggu County and 261 in Xixiang County, which together account for 76.8% of the total number of industrial source census objects.

The top five industries in terms of the number of industrial source census objects: 702 non-metallic mineral products, 294 agricultural and sideline food processing industries, 238 general equipment manufacturing industries, 206 metal products industries and 158 non-metallic mineral mining and dressing industries, which together account for 58.8% of the total number of industrial source census objects.

(2) Water pollutants

There are 499 sets of wastewater treatment facilities in industrial enterprises, with a designed treatment capacity of 148,700 cubic meters per day and an annual wastewater treatment capacity of 29,133,000 cubic meters.

Total discharge of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand is 1536.33 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 99.29 tons, total nitrogen is 150.15 tons, total phosphorus is 7.33 tons, petroleum is 3.97 tons, volatile phenol is 21.47 tons, cyanide is 414.166 kilograms, and heavy metal is 259.92 kilograms.

The top three industries are agricultural and sideline food processing industry (748.37 tons), pharmaceutical manufacturing industry (346.43 tons) and ferrous metal mining and dressing industry (214.89 tons), which together account for 85.2% of the chemical oxygen demand emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with ammonia nitrogen emissions are: chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing 75.36 tons, agricultural and sideline food processing 10.24 tons, and pharmaceutical manufacturing 7.11 tons, which together account for 93.4% of ammonia nitrogen emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with total nitrogen emissions are: chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing 83.53 tons, agricultural and sideline food processing 27.70 tons, and wine, beverage and refined tea manufacturing 16.49 tons, which together account for 85.1% of total nitrogen emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with total phosphorus emissions are: pharmaceutical manufacturing 2.45 tons, agricultural and sideline food processing 2.12 tons, and wine, beverage and refined tea manufacturing 1.87 tons, which together account for 87.9% of total phosphorus emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with petroleum emissions are ferrous metal mining and dressing industry, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry, and metal products industry, which together account for 96.3% of petroleum emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with cyanide emissions are non-ferrous metal mining and dressing, chemical raw materials and products manufacturing, and general equipment manufacturing, accounting for 99.9% of cyanide emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with heavy metal emissions: non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry (251.40 kg), ferrous metal mining and dressing industry (5.32 kg) and coal mining and washing industry (2.48 kg), which together account for 99.7% of heavy metal emissions from industrial sources.

Industries involved in volatile phenol emissions: only chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, emitting 21.47 tons of volatile phenol.

(3) Air pollutants

There are 165 desulfurization facilities, 20 denitration facilities and 903 dust removal facilities in industrial enterprises.

Total emission of air pollutants: 14,795.4 tons of sulfur dioxide, 20,360.8 tons of nitrogen oxides, 33,022.7 tons of particulate matter and 1,640.01 tons of volatile organic compounds.

The top three industries with sulfur dioxide emissions: ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry is 6391.97 tons, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry is 5591.57 tons, and nonmetallic mineral products industry is 1282.64 tons. The above three industries together account for 89.9% of sulfur dioxide emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries in terms of nitrogen oxide emissions are: electric power, thermal production and supply, 9221.61 tons, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, 6280.05 tons, and nonmetallic mineral products, 2887.51 tons, which together account for 90.5% of industrial nitrogen oxide emissions.

The top three industries with particulate emissions are nonmetallic mineral products industry with 21,113.04 tons, ferrous metal mining and dressing industry with 3,224.22 tons, and non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry with 2,460.81 tons, which together account for 81.0% of the particulate emissions from industrial sources.

The top three industries with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions are ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry (598.74 tons), chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry (424.92 tons) and non-metallic mineral products industry (293.94 tons), which together account for 81.3% of VOCs emissions from industrial sources.

(4) Industrial solid waste

1. General industrial solid waste                    

The output of general industrial solid waste is 9,644,613.7 tons, the comprehensive utilization amount is 4,308,141 tons (including 14,815.5 tons in previous years), the disposal amount is 131,702.5 tons (including 63,901 tons in previous years), the storage amount this year is 5,283,421.3 tons, and the dumping amount is 65.35 tons.

2. Hazardous waste

The output of hazardous waste is 235,451.4 tons, the comprehensive utilization and disposal is 180,055.9 tons, and the accumulated storage at the end of the year is 25,193.2 tons.

(5) Associated radioactive mines

The survey targets of associated radioactive mines are mainly 15 categories of mineral mining, smelting and processing industrial activity units that may be associated with natural radionuclides. Only Lueyang Jufeng Mining Co., Ltd., which was included in the census in Hanzhong City, stopped production in 2017 and did not produce wastewater, waste gas pollutants and solid waste.

Iii. Agricultural sources

(1) Basic information

Eleven counties and districts are involved in planting, aquaculture and livestock and poultry breeding, and 388 livestock and poultry farms have been investigated by households.

Total discharge of pollutants from agricultural source water: chemical oxygen demand is 28,953.44 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 396.41 tons, total nitrogen is 2,345.23 tons, and total phosphorus is 373.11 tons.

(2) Planting industry

Discharge (loss) of water pollutants: 46.51 tons of ammonia nitrogen, 560.06 tons of total nitrogen and 60.87 tons of total phosphorus.

Based on the ratio of new straw to grain, the output of straw is 1,127,600 tons, the recoverable resource of straw is 950,800 tons, and the utilization of straw is 815,100 tons.

The usage of plastic film is 1817.52 tons, and the accumulated residue for many years is 522.24 tons.

(3) Livestock and poultry breeding industry

Discharge of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand is 28,634.11 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 335.95 tons, total nitrogen is 1,726.24 tons, and total phosphorus is 308.90 tons. Among them, the discharge amount of water pollutants from livestock and poultry farms is 2,685.1 tons of chemical oxygen demand, 19.76 tons of ammonia nitrogen, 135.37 tons of total nitrogen and 39.17 tons of total phosphorus.

(4) Aquaculture (excluding algae)

Discharge of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand is 319.33 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 13.96 tons, total nitrogen is 58.93 tons, and total phosphorus is 3.34 tons.

Fourth, the source of life

(1) Basic information

There are 2296 census objects of life sources. Among them, 1,972 urban areas, counties (including established towns) and administrative villages are the basic survey units for urban and rural residents, and other survey objects include 63 boilers, 5 oil storage tanks and 256 gas stations in non-industrial enterprises.

(2) Water pollutants

Total discharge of pollutants from domestic source water: chemical oxygen demand is 33,548.17 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 2,407.37 tons, total nitrogen is 3,717.54 tons, total phosphorus is 269.29 tons, and animal and vegetable oil is 780.68 tons. Among them, the discharge of pollutants from urban domestic water: chemical oxygen demand 17608.38 tons, ammonia nitrogen 1880.27 tons, total nitrogen 2876.24 tons, total phosphorus 184.23 tons and animal and vegetable oil 321.65 tons; Discharge of pollutants from rural domestic source water: chemical oxygen demand is 15,939.79 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 527.11 tons, total nitrogen is 841.30 tons, total phosphorus is 85.06 tons, and animal and vegetable oil is 459.03 tons.

(3) Air pollutants

Emissions of air pollutants from domestic sources: 3241.92 tons of sulfur dioxide, 1959.12 tons of nitrogen oxides, 10391.32 tons of particulate matter and 7380.91 tons of volatile organic compounds.

V. Centralized pollution control facilities

(1) Basic information

There are 111 centralized sewage treatment units, 47 centralized domestic waste treatment and disposal units, and 5 centralized hazardous waste utilization and disposal (treatment) units.

Pollutant discharge of waste water (leachate) from garbage disposal and hazardous waste (medical waste) disposal: chemical oxygen demand is 9.91 tons, ammonia nitrogen is 2.74 tons, total nitrogen is 3.84 tons, total phosphorus is 0.20 tons, and heavy metal is 8.84 kg.

Emissions of pollutants from hazardous waste (medical waste) incineration waste gas: 5.66 tons of sulfur dioxide, 24.42 tons of nitrogen oxides and 1.60 tons of particulate matter.

(II) Centralized sewage treatment

The total annual sewage treatment capacity is 76.0662 million cubic meters. Among them, there are 24 urban sewage treatment plants, which treat 73.8208 million cubic meters of sewage; There are 86 centralized sewage treatment facilities in rural areas, treating 1.047 million cubic meters of sewage; 1 other sewage treatment facility, with a sewage treatment capacity of 1,198,400 cubic meters.

Reduction of water pollutants: chemical oxygen demand 11584.94 tons, ammonia nitrogen 1421.55 tons, total nitrogen 1662.19 tons, total phosphorus 144.17 tons and animal and vegetable oil 115.78 tons.

The output of dry sludge is 12,500 tons, and the disposal capacity is 12,500 tons.

(3) Centralized treatment and disposal of domestic garbage

The garbage disposal capacity is 674,200 tons, and all the disposal methods are landfill.

(4) centralized utilization and disposal (treatment) of hazardous wastes

There are 4 hazardous waste disposal plants and 1 medical waste treatment (disposal) plant. The designed disposal and utilization capacity is 690,800 tons/year, and the actual total amount of hazardous waste disposal and utilization is 129,600 tons. Among them, 3,529 tons of industrial hazardous waste, 2,052 tons of medical waste, and 123,988 tons of hazardous waste were comprehensively utilized.

Six, mobile source

(1) Basic information

Mobile source survey objects include motor vehicles and off-road mobile sources. Statistics show that the number of motor vehicles is 565,200, the total diesel power of agricultural machinery is 1,006,384 kilowatts, and there are 10,753 flights of civil aircraft.

Total emission of air pollutants: 10,774.63 tons of nitrogen oxides, 435.25 tons of particulate matter and 3,285.71 tons of volatile organic compounds.

(2) Motor vehicle pollution sources

Emissions of air pollutants: 4932.53 tons of nitrogen oxides, 84.91 tons of particulate matter and 2590.47 tons of volatile organic compounds.

(3) Non-road mobile pollution sources

Emissions of air pollutants: 5842.10 tons of nitrogen oxides, 350.34 tons of particulate matter and 695.24 tons of volatile organic compounds. Among them, construction machinery discharged 3438.81 tons of nitrogen oxides, 147.28 tons of particulate matter and 368.56 tons of volatile organic compounds; Agricultural machinery emits 2351.57 tons of nitrogen oxides, 201.34 tons of particulate matter and 322.81 tons of volatile organic compounds; Civil aviation aircraft emitted 51.72 tons of nitrogen oxides, 1.72 tons of particulate matter and 3.87 tons of volatile organic compounds.

Note     explain

Key areas: including Hantai District (including Hanzhong Economic and Technological Development Zone) and Nanzheng District.

General survey of industrial sources: including all industrial enterprises or industrial activity units in 41 industries in the three categories of mining, manufacturing, electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply in the National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T4754—2017). 15 categories of mineral mining, smelting and processing industry activity units in 8 categories of key industries that may be associated with natural radionuclides. Does not include sewage treatment and its recycling (industry code is 4620) enterprises.

Scope of agricultural source survey: including planting, livestock and poultry breeding (excluding retail investors) and aquaculture (excluding algae).

The scope of life source survey: including the generation and discharge of domestic sewage, the energy use of urban and rural residents, boilers, oil storage tanks and gas stations in non-industrial enterprises.

General survey scope of centralized pollution control facilities: including centralized sewage treatment units, centralized domestic garbage treatment and disposal units and centralized hazardous waste utilization and disposal (treatment) units.

Scope of mobile source survey: including motor vehicles and off-road mobile sources, and the survey is published in administrative districts.

Accounting scope of volatile organic compounds: energy consumption of industrial enterprises and organized emission of main product production processes, living consumption of urban and rural residents, use of architectural coatings and adhesives, urban asphalt road paving, oil storage and civil gas stations open to the outside world, motor vehicles and off-road mobile sources.

No mechanical adjustment has been made for the errors caused by the choice of decimals in the total figures and some calculated data in the bulletin. (Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment)

A few days ago, EV Sales, an American new energy vehicle sales statistics website, released the sales data of new energy vehicles in various regions of the world in the first half of 2019. In the first half of the year, the total global sales of new energy vehicles reached 1,117,484 units, a year-on-year increase of 47.4%. In the first half of the year, the proportion of new energy vehicles reached 2.4%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points compared with the same period last year. In the context of the global auto market downturn, the growth momentum of new energy vehicles is very rapid.

After sorting out the data of websites such as EV Sales and domestic car association, 15 tables were compiled, which mainly observed the sales of new energy vehicle models and brands in the world, China, the United States and Europe, and compared the best-selling models and brands in the three regions horizontally, and interpreted the trend of the new energy vehicle market in the first half of 2019 in detail.

In the global sales ranking of new energy vehicles, it firmly occupied the first place in the list with the sales data of 160,000 vehicles, with a market share of 14%. Followed by three domestic car companies, BAIC and SAIC, the total sales of new energy vehicles of the three car companies in the first half of the year exceeded 270,000 units, which was close to a quarter of the total sales of new energy vehicles in the first half of the year. In addition, domestic car companies such as,, etc. also appeared in the top ten of the list, ranking seventh and tenth with sales of 47,000 units and 32,000 units respectively.

On the whole, the growth rate of models in the first half of this year is much larger than that of plug-in new energy vehicles. Especially in June this year, the year-on-year growth rate of sales exceeded 100%, while the year-on-year growth rate of plug-in models was 67%. In the first half of this year, the proportion of pure electric new car sales also increased from 69% last year to 76%.

It can be seen from this trend that the market share of plug-in and hybrid vehicles as transitional new energy vehicles is gradually decreasing, and the process of vehicle electrification is progressing steadily, and the era of pure electricity has become an obvious trend.

New energy vehicles continued to maintain strong growth in 2019. According to the data released by EV Sales, the global total sales of new energy vehicles reached more than 1.11 million units in the first half of this year, with a year-on-year growth rate of 47.4%.

In the first half of the global automobile sales, the sales of new energy vehicles accounted for 2.4%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points compared with the same period last year.

Judging from this trend, the growth momentum of new energy vehicles is very strong, especially in June, when the global sales of new energy vehicles approached 265,000, which is the second highest monthly sales of new energy vehicles, second only to the sales of 283,000 vehicles in December last year.

According to the law of the automobile market, the second half of each year is the real peak season for car purchase. With an average growth rate of 40%, the total sales volume of new energy vehicles this year is expected to exceed 3 million units.

The general trend is gratifying, and the new energy achievements of various car companies are also quite good. All car companies with strong new energy strategies have handed in satisfactory mid-year exam papers.

1. Top ten global manufacturers of new energy vehicles.

Top ten global manufacturers of new energy vehicles.

In the overall list of global electric vehicle sales, Tesla ranked first with sales of more than 160,000 vehicles. The best-selling model is the main source of its sales. From the perspective of a single model, the global sales volume of Model 3 in the first six months was close to 130,000, and in Europe and America, this model was firmly ranked first in the sales list. However, because Model 3 has not entered China for a long time, its sales performance in China has not yet shown its edge.

Following Tesla’s list are three China car companies, BYD, BAIC and SAIC. BYD’s huge new energy family has occupied a large number of markets for it; BAIC’s EU series successfully took over the banner of EC series domestic "sales king"; SAIC’s strategy of steady and steady new energy series has also achieved good results. In the first half of this year, the total sales volume of new energy vehicles of these three car companies exceeded 270,000, accounting for 25% of the global new energy vehicle market.

In addition to the above three China car companies, domestic independent brands Geely and Jianghuai also entered the top ten with sales of 47,000 vehicles and 32,000 vehicles respectively, and China car companies accounted for half of the top ten global new energy brands.

It is also worth mentioning that, as the only luxury car company, its performance in the field of new energy in the first half of this year is also remarkable. Hybrid models such as BMW 530e/Le and other pure electric models won the fifth place. In particular, i3, which has entered the end of the product cycle, sold nearly 20,000 vehicles worldwide in the first half of this year, an increase of over 20% year-on-year.

With the development of BMW’s new energy strategy, the mass production of iX3, iX5, I and other models will come out, and BMW’s market in the new energy field will be further expanded.

2. Top 10 models of global new energy vehicle sales.

Top Ten Sales Models of New Energy Vehicles in the World

Judging from the sales volume of a single model, the top one has opened the gap with the following models such as Beiqi EU and BYD Yuan EV, and the sales volume in the first half of the year reached 128,000, accounting for 11% of the market. Judging from this momentum, the sales forecast of 500,000 this year is not impossible.

BAIC EU series and BYD EV have been sought after in the domestic market. The replacement of EC series by EU series has enabled BAIC to take off the cheap and poor quality "hat" and successfully realize the replacement of ace models. Yuan EV will also launch the modified Yuan EV535 this year. At that time, it can be expected that these two national electric vehicles will once again stage the "King’s Battle".

In addition, in terms of vehicle sales, China’s new energy vehicles occupy six seats in the top ten list of global vehicle sales, which shows the rapid development of China’s new energy market.

Looking closely at the sales list, we can also find another force-the models of the alliance also appear in the sales list of a single model, which shows that the synergy brought by the alliance is still very considerable.

3. Top ten models of global pure electric vehicle sales.

Top ten models of global pure electric vehicle sales

It is also worth noting that the market share of pure electric vehicles in the first half of this year has also been greatly improved. In June this year alone, the growth rate of pure electric vehicles reached 104% year-on-year, while the growth rate of plug-in vehicles was 67%. Pure electric vehicles accounted for 76% of the new energy vehicle market in June, compared with 69% in December last year. It has become an irreversible trend for cars to move towards pure electrification.

There is not much difference between the sales volume of a single vehicle in the pure electric market and the overall sales volume of new energy vehicles. Tesla is still at the top of the list, and China’s new energy vehicles are on the list with six vehicles. After removing the hybrid models of Mitsubishi and BYD, Korean car companies can barely make the list.

There is a magical phenomenon in the electric vehicle market in the United States. In the first half of this year, the total sales volume of electric vehicles in the United States was 175,000 units, while Tesla sold nearly 100,000 electric vehicles, accounting for 57% of the market. The sales of the remaining local brands Chevrolet, Chevrolet, and Chevrolet are somewhat stretched.

1. Top ten manufacturers of new energy vehicles in the United States

Top ten manufacturers of new energy vehicles in the United States

From the perspective of brand sales, the electric market in the United States tends to be unipolar, and the strong Tesla is in sharp contrast with the weak traditional American car companies.

In addition, the occupation of the market by foreign car companies has also affected the American electric vehicle market to some extent. Japanese car giants, Nissan, and BBA, the top three German car companies, are all trying to open up new energy markets in the United States, although these car companies have gained a place. However, from the sales results, it is still difficult for these car companies to shake Tesla’s position in a short period of time.

2. Top 10 models of new energy vehicle sales in the United States

Top Ten Sales Models of New Energy Vehicles in the United States

From the perspective of single vehicle sales, Tesla’s Model 3 is also the main vehicle in the new energy market in the United States.

Interestingly, however, the new energy market in the United States seems to be somewhat against the trend of pure electricity. Among the top ten new energy vehicles, five are plug-in new energy vehicles, of which Toyota plug-in even ranks second.

In addition to Tesla, are there any models worth talking about in the US new energy market? Actually, there are, and there are two models.

First of all, we should pay attention to Chevrolet Volt, which was born in 2008. The first generation model is a model, and it has been delivered in mass production since 2010. In 2015, the model was redesigned from the inside out. After the redesign, the Chevrolet Volt became a plug-in model, and then it was listed in China under the name of Velite 5.

It can be considered that plug-in hybrid technology has given Chevrolet Volt a new lease on life, and made it on the top ten list of electric vehicle sales in the United States.

Secondly, the sales of BMW 530e (domestic BMW 530Le) in the United States are very eye-catching, and this model also has good sales in Europe and China. At the same time, this is the only model in Europe whose sales volume of a single model has entered the top ten in the US list. As a representative of luxury new energy vehicles, the BMW 530e can be said to be deserved.

The pattern of European new energy vehicle market is diversified as a whole, which is in sharp contrast with the single polarization of the United States.

The new energy vehicles of American, Japanese, European and Korean four-series car companies are "as close as a bee" in this region, and Tesla, as the representative of American new energy vehicles, is exported to Europe and won the first place. Only BMW has a voice in the European market of German Sanjie BBA; The sales volume of Renault-Mitsubishi-Nissan Alliance is also firmly in the first echelon of new energy sales in Europe; The two modern Korean brands have also reached the top ten in the European new energy sales list, which can be said to be a lot of bright spots.

1. Top ten European manufacturers of new energy vehicles.

Top ten European manufacturers of new energy vehicles

From the perspective of brand sales, Tesla undoubtedly won the first place in new energy sales in Europe, but Tesla’s victory actually depends on Model 3, which entered Europe this year. This model sold 37,780 vehicles in just a few months. If you only rely on the previous and, it is difficult for Tesla to enter the top ten of the list, which shows that the competitiveness of Model 3 is very strong.

In addition, the sales of new energy brands in Europe are still supported by established traditional car companies.

BMW won the second place in Europe with its huge hybrid car series and the best-selling i3, but i3 has entered the end of the product cycle, and BMW urgently needs an ace pure electric vehicle to inherit the sales of i3.

The total market share of Renault-Mitsubishi-Nissan Alliance has reached 21%. From the perspective of automobile enterprise groups, this alliance should be the best-selling automobile enterprise group of new energy vehicles in Europe. However, the single sales of these three companies are not brilliant, and Renault has only sold 24,000 vehicles at the most. Mitsubishi and Nissan’s new energy vehicles have entered the European market only through the alliance with Renault.

It is also noteworthy that Hyundai and Kia, two Korean brands, have also entered the new energy market in Europe, and the sum of these sales is almost the same as that of BMW, which shows that Korean new energy vehicles are quite influential in Europe.

2. Top 10 sales models of new energy vehicles in Europe

Top Ten Sales Models of New Energy Vehicles in Europe

Judging from the sales volume of a single model, Model 3 is the biggest dark horse in the new energy market in Europe this year. Before the launch of this model, no one expected that it would threaten the status of being mixed with Mitsubishi Outlander, and no one thought that this model would be more than the new energy sales of BMW’s entire group.

However, outside this model, the ranking of other new energy vehicles has hardly been affected. Renault Zoe and Mitsubishi Outlander are still evergreen trees in the European new energy market, and they sold 24,288 vehicles and 18,982 vehicles respectively.

Followed by BMW’s i3, but this model is already at the end of the product cycle, and its sales volume has been declining in recent years; Correspondingly, it is pure electric golf. Soon after its new listing, this model entered the top ten of the sales list, with a total of 12,618 vehicles sold in the first half of this year. The positioning of the two models is quite similar, and they are both miniature electric vehicles for commuting in cities, so there is bound to be some competition.

Hyundai Kona EV has also entered the top ten of the new energy sales list in Europe. Korean car companies can be said to have entered the European market with new energy vehicles. In the previous era of fuel vehicles, the sales of Hyundai and Kia in Europe have always been very general. However, it is worth noting that this electric car just bombed one in Montreal, Canada at the end of last month, and will be listed in China in the second half of this year. Quality problems may affect the subsequent sales of this model.

Mini Countryman plug-in models also performed well in the first half of this year. Previously, BMW Group has been trying to electrify the brand, and also released the pure electric version of Mini Cooper SE. This time, Mini Countryman’s entry into the top ten of the list is a good start for the mini brand. If the follow-up models can keep up, the road to electrification of the mini brand will be much easier.

On the whole, the new energy market pattern in Europe is very diversified, and the four-series car companies of the United States, Japan, Europe and South Korea have started a "big melee" in this region.

Different from the situation of new energy vehicles of various automobile enterprises in Europe and America, the domestic new energy market pattern is relatively clear.

1. Top ten manufacturers of new energy vehicles in China.

Top ten manufacturers of new energy vehicles in China

On the whole, local brands in the domestic new energy market are relatively strong. Except Tesla, no other foreign brands have entered the top ten of the new energy vehicle brand list.

In terms of brand sales, BYD is far ahead with the advantage of 140,000 vehicles, accounting for 24% of the domestic new energy market. Its main models include not only the best-selling pure electric models such as Yuan EV and e5, but also the plug-in models such as Yuan DM and Song DM. The strategy of pure electric plug-in and two-legged walking gives BYD the confidence to compete with Tesla in total sales.

The battlefield with less than 100,000 vehicles is very tight with SAIC. They sold 69,000 vehicles and 65,000 new energy vehicles respectively in the first half of this year. Among them, BAIC still relies on its own pure electric vehicles to support sales, and the performance of SAIC Roewe’s plug-in models in the first half of this year is also remarkable.

It can be seen that Beiqi pure electric vehicles are selling well in China, but at this stage, pure electricity and plug-in in the new energy market are very important for occupying the market.

After the fourth place, the sales of various car companies are relatively balanced, and the overall results are between 15,000 and 50,000. Geely is currently ahead of Jianghuai and a little bit, but the performance of Geely’s new energy vehicles is not good in July, with a drop of nearly 70% from the previous month. The new energy vehicles of Jianghuai, Chery, Dalian and other car companies in the back row may catch up at any time.

In addition to domestic car companies, Tesla’s ranking in the top ten of the domestic new energy sales list is another highlight. Previously, Tesla only had Model S and Model X models in China. Since this year, Model 3 has only been sold in China. In just half a year, Model 3 sold 13,410 units and became the best-selling new energy vehicle in China.

With the completion and commissioning of Tesla’s Shanghai factory at the end of this year, the new Tesla Model 3 and its follow-up models will be sold in China. As the price drops, Tesla may win more markets and even threaten the position of the head company in the domestic new energy market.

In addition, the new car-making forces that were quite hot before were not on the list this time. It is understood that as of June, Weimar, Tucki, and other companies have delivered less than 10,000 vehicles, which is far from the 15,000 vehicles of the tenth SAIC-GM.

2. Top ten models of new energy vehicles in China.

Top Ten Sales Models of New Energy Vehicles in China

Although brand sales are far ahead, BYD’s single-model sales have been overwhelmed by Beiqi EU series. In the first half of this year, Beiqi EU series sold a total of 49,000 vehicles, while BYD Yuan EV sold 43,000 vehicles.

Compared with last year, BAIC’s trump card model has been iterated from the "brand-occupying artifact" EC series to the EU series, and the product technical strength has increased. However, the sales volume of BYD Yuan EV is still closely following, and it is ready to replace the top position of Beiqi EU series at any time. In addition, BYD Yuan EV535 will be listed soon. If this model is also included in the sales volume of Yuan EV series, BYD Yuan EV is likely to counterattack Beiqi EU series to win the sales champion of a single model this year.

In addition, compared with BAIC’s strategy of "eating fresh food all over the sky", BYD also chose the stable strategy of "flowering more". In addition to the first Beiqi EU and the fifth Geely, BYD took the second, third and fourth place in the top five sales list. It is worth mentioning that BYD Tang DM is the only hybrid model in the top ten of the new energy sales list in the first half of this year, which shows that this model is very competitive.

In addition, JAC iEV 6E and Chang ‘an are all new players on the list this year, replacing the previous ones, Jiangling E200S and Geely.

As the main pure electric vehicle of Great Wall, Euler R1 entered the top ten list for several months this year, paving the way for the subsequent electrification transformation of Great Wall.

Tesla, as the only foreign car company that entered China with pure electric vehicles, has entered the top ten in terms of brand sales, but its single vehicle has not entered the top ten list.

3. Top ten manufacturers of pure electric vehicles in China.

Top Ten Manufacturers of Pure Electric Vehicles in China

Judging from the top ten of the new energy sales list, domestic pure electric vehicles are obviously more popular, and nine of the ten models are pure electric vehicles. The further increase in the market share of pure electric vehicles also means that the speed of domestic automobile electrification transformation is further accelerated.

It is also for this reason that the gap between the domestic pure electric list as a whole and the new energy list is not large. In terms of brands, SAIC and other car companies that mainly sell new energy vehicles with plug-in models have declined, and Tesla’s ranking has further increased. However, BYD still maintains the number one position in brand sales because of its many categories and sales of pure electric vehicles.

4. Top ten models of pure electric vehicles in China.

Top Ten Sales Models of Pure Electric Vehicles in China

In terms of the sales volume of single pure electric vehicle, there is almost no overall change. Due to the removal of BYD Tang DM, the Tesla Model 3, which was originally ranked 11th in the sales volume of new energy, ranked 10th in the sales volume of single pure electric vehicle.

In addition, Tesla Model 3 is the only high-end model among the top ten pure electric sales lists, which shows that this model is still very competitive.

5, China plug-in car sales top ten manufacturers.

Top Ten Manufacturers of Hybrid Cars in China

In terms of mixed brands, BYD still ranks first in brand sales (hot-selling models are mostly willful), and the second place is SAIC, which sold 22,754 vehicles, and its sales performance with eRX5 in the first half of this year is good.

In addition, some of the top ten positions in China have been seized by joint venture car companies, and joint venture car companies such as SAIC-Volkswagen, BMW Brilliance, Kia of yueda and Toyota all have certain sales in the field of plug-in. However, except for the Passat of SAIC Volkswagen, the sales of other car companies exceeded 10,000 units.

6, China plug-in car sales top ten models.

Top 10 sales models of hybrid cars in China

Judging from the top ten plug-in hybrid models in sales volume, Tang DM is worthy of being BYD’s ace plug-in hybrid model, and its sales volume has surpassed more than 4,000 Volkswagen Passat in the second place. It is understood that this model will also launch a dual-engine four-wheel drive version in the near future, and the product strength will be upgraded again.

The plug-in version of Volkswagen Passat has not been launched for a long time. Because Passat, the "National God Car", had a good reputation and user base before, the plug-in version became a best-selling model, and its sales in the first half of this year exceeded 11,000.

As the main plug-in hybrid model of BMW, BMW 530Le also sells well in China, and a car with more than 500,000 vehicles can sell 7,243 vehicles in China, which shows that the product strength of this model is very strong.

At present, China, the United States and Europe are the three largest new energy vehicle markets in the world, but the new energy market patterns in the three regions have their own characteristics.

1. Comparison of the Top Ten Sales Models in China, America and Europe

Comparison of Top Ten Sales Models in China, America and Europe

From the overall sales situation, China is the largest new energy vehicle market at present. In the first half of the year, the total sales of new energy vehicles in China exceeded 580,000, accounting for nearly 50% of the global sales of new energy vehicles. Compared with China, the sales volume in Europe and America is relatively small, but it is also in a state of continuous growth.

From the perspective of a single model, the best-selling new energy vehicle in Europe and America is Tesla’s Model 3, especially in the United States, where the sales of 81,000 vehicles have opened a considerable gap between Model 3 and the second Toyota Prius. However, in China, Tesla did not achieve a good market, so that it did not squeeze into the top ten.

In the price distribution of best-selling models, China, the United States and Europe are also different. Most domestic best-selling new energy vehicles are located in the price range of 100,000-200,000, and car companies are more inclined to the mid-end consumer market when pricing; On the top ten list of new energy vehicles in the United States and Europe, luxury brands such as Model X, Model S and Volvo XC60 T8 are also on the list. This phenomenon mainly reflects the different purchasing power of consumers in different regions.

2. Comparison of the top ten brands in China, America and Europe.

Comparison of Top Ten Brands in China, America and Europe

From the brand sales in the three regions, China local car companies have obvious advantages in new energy brands, while Europe and America tend to be more diversified. The American market is mainly occupied by local car companies such as Tesla, Ford, Chrysler, Toyota, Nissan, Honda and BBA German top three. Europe, on the other hand, presents a situation of scuffle between the United States, Japan, Europe and South Korea.

However, it is worth mentioning that the sales of new energy vehicles in the United States are highly polarized, with Tesla taking the lead, occupying 57% of the market, while the sales of other models are low, which shows that the products of new energy vehicles currently available in the new energy market in the United States are weak. However, if the time line is lengthened, the potential of the new energy market in the United States is also very great. The huge automobile consumers determine the base of its new energy market, while new car companies such as Rivian and Lucid, as well as established car companies such as Ford and General Motors, will have great room to play in the electrification market in the future.

In contrast, the distribution of sales in China and Europe is relatively even, with the sales of a large number of vehicles in the China market ranging from 10,000 to 30,000, and the same is true in the European market.

From the above 15 tables, the global new energy vehicle market can be summarized as follows:

1. The growth rate of the global new energy vehicle market has reached 46% (year-on-year growth) and entered a high-speed growth stage. If this speed can be maintained, the global sales of new energy vehicles are likely to exceed 3 million this year.

2. Pure electric vehicle has surpassed plug-in hybrid to become the main new energy vehicle, and the growth gap between them is further widening, and the trend of transition from new energy vehicles to pure electric vehicles is still clear.

3. The European and American markets are diversified, and Tesla ranks first in global sales, ranking first in Europe and America. However, in the domestic market, which is more cost-effective, Tesla’s sales are not at the top.

4. The advantages of local brands in China’s new energy market are obvious, and BYD and BAIC have carried the banner of China’s new energy market.

5. China’s new energy market accounts for half of the global share, and its position is increasingly prominent. With the further opening of the automobile industry environment, China will become the most important new energy automobile market in the world.