First, the central state organs, newspapers and periodicals management separation list

1. Newspapers (50 kinds)

China economic herald, China Reform News, China Education News, Science and Technology Daily, china ethnic news, People’s Public Security News, China Social News, Legal Daily, China Finance News, China Personnel News, China Labor Security News, China Land and Resources News, China Construction News, etc. Farmers Daily, China Township Enterprise News, China Agricultural Machinery Safety News, International Business News, China Culture News, China Heritage News, Health News, China Population News, Financial Times, China Audit News, China Tax News, China Environment News and China Civil Aviation News. China Quality News, China Guomen Times, China Medicine News, China Work Safety News, China Coal News, China Intellectual Property News, China Surveying and Mapping News, China Traditional Chinese Medicine News, China Discipline Inspection and Supervision News, China Archives News, China Ocean News, China Meteorological News, China

2. Journals (75 kinds)

Macroeconomic Management, China Economic and Trade Guide, China Price Yearbook, People’s Education, China Nationalities (Chinese, Mongolian, Uygur, Kazakh, North Korea, English version), Ethnic Pictorial (Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uygur, Kazakh, North Korea), China Ethnic Work Yearbook, People’s. Legal Publicity Materials, China Finance, China Talents, Labor Security Newsletter, Land and Resources Newsletter, China Land and Resources Yearbook, Urban and Rural Construction, Rural Work Newsletter, WTO Economic Guide, chinese heritage, China Health, Population and Family Planning, and China Family Planning Yearbook., China Civil Aviation, Administration for Industry and Commerce, Yearbook of China Administration for Industry and Commerce, China Forestry, China Quality and Technical Supervision, China Inspection and Quarantine, China Drug Administration, China Drug Administration Yearbook, China Religion, Logistics of Chinese Organs, Taiwan Work Newsletter, China Food Economy, etc. Foreign Exchange Management in China, Research on Party Building, Party Building, Current Affairs Report, Current Affairs-Current Affairs Report for Middle School Students, Current Affairs Report for College Students, China United Front, Tibet, China (Chinese, Tibetan and English versions), Contemporary World, Ziguangge, Party Building in Zhongzhi, etc.

Two, the local party and government departments of the journal management separation list (185 kinds)

Greening and Life, Tide of Science and Technology, Urban Management and Technology, Healthy Youth Pictorial, Beijing Geology, Tourism, Sports Expo, Beijing Yearbook, Beijing Agriculture, Beijing Planning and Construction, New Script, Capital Economy, Beijing Statistics, Tianjin Agriculture and Forestry. Hebei Agriculture, Hebei Education, Shanxi Water Conservancy, Shanxi Forestry, Shanxi Science and Technology, Fighting, Shanxi Economic Yearbook, Taiyuan Yearbook, Shanxi Education, China Journal of Ethnic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical Journal, Inner Mongolia Radio and Television Technology, Inner Mongolia Water Conservancy, Contemporary. Inner Mongolia Statistics, Liaoning Yearbook, Dalian Yearbook, Everybody’s Health, Jilin Medicine, Jilin Agriculture, Jilin Yearbook, Jilin Building Materials, jilin water resources, Jilin Forestry Science and Technology, Jilin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, China Hospital Management, Friends of Farmers Becoming Rich, and Contemporary Sports., Jiangsu Yearbook, Science Popular, Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Yearbook, Changzhou Yearbook, Jiangsu Agricultural Mechanization, Jiangsu Labor Protection, Drama Monthly, Jiangsu Education, Jiangsu Higher Education, Jiangsu Health Management, Zhejiang Yearbook, Lawyers and the Legal System, and Journal of huaihai medicine, Anhui Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture, Fujian Forestry, Fujian Education, Audit and Financial Management, Social Work, Price Monthly, Jiangxi Education, Family Health, Travel World, New Airlines, Shandong Industrial Technology, Shandong Water Conservancy, etc. Zhongzhou Construction, Henan Water Conservancy, Henan Land Resources, Henan Agriculture, Green World, Hunan Safety and Disaster Prevention, Hunan Education, Junior Middle School Students, Primary School Guide, Hunan Forestry, Hunan Agriculture, Contemporary Nurses, International Medical and Health Herald, Guangdong Science and Technology of Shenzhen Special Zone, beginning of life, Guangdong Education, Sports Boutique, Guangxi Education, National Art, Selected Medical Works, Youjiang Medicine, andJournal of Guangxi Agriculture, Guangxi Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Southern Land Resources, Friends of Farmers, Guangxi Forestry, Great Science and Technology, Business, Sichuan Education, Sichuan Provincial Situation, Film Review, Guizhou Yearbook, Guizhou Agricultural Mechanization, Guizhou Geology and Yunnan Forestry. Practical Radiology, Shaanxi Forestry, Shaanxi Water Conservancy, Disaster Science, Shaanxi Education, Agricultural Science and Technology and Information, Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Vocational Education, Gansu Agriculture, Gansu Forestry, Yinchuan Yearbook, Science and Technology Outlook, Ningxia Education and Ningxia Medical Journal. Xinjiang Culture (D), Inland Earthquake, Xinjiang Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Animal Husbandry (D), Xinjiang Animal Husbandry (Ha), Xinjiang Animal Husbandry (Mongolia), Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology (D), Xinjiang Forestry (D)

Shandong Agriculture and Agricultural Knowledge were merged into one kind of separation of management and management, while Farmer Friends and Northwest Horticulture were merged into one kind of separation of management and management.

　　In view of the pronunciation of the place name Lu ‘an, Anhui Province, which caused controversy recently, the Division of Geographical Names of the Ministry of Civil Affairs gave an authoritative statement.

　　On May 15th, a netizen left a message on the portal of the Ministry of Civil Affairs asking about the pronunciation of the word "six" in Lu ‘an City, Anhui Province: "According to the phonetic notation of Lu ‘an City in the Administrative Division of the People’s Republic of China 2015, ‘ Luan Shi’ According to the latest edition of the administrative divisions of the People’s Republic of China, Lu ‘an City, Anhui Province ‘ Six ’ Has there been any change in the speech? Are you still studying for six (Lu) Ann? "

　　In this regard, on May 19, the Division of Geographical Names of the Ministry of Civil Affairs replied that in the "Administrative Division of the People’s Republic of China 2020", the pinyin of Lu’ an was "Lu’ an Shi”。

　　Located in the west of Anhui Province, Lu ‘an, commonly known as "West Anhui", is a regional central city in Dabie Mountain, a sub-central city in Hefei Economic Circle, a connecting city in Wanjiang City, an industrial transfer and radiation city in Yangtze River Delta, and a national land transportation hub city.

　　Recently, Lu ‘an City has attracted social attention due to the local COVID-19 epidemic, while its pronunciation has also caused controversy. In recent news programs broadcast by CCTV News Channel, many anchors read Lu ‘an as "Li Φ ā n", while in news programs of anhui tv and Lu ‘an Radio and Television Station, anchors still read Lu ‘an as "Li Φ ā n".

Hotaru Akanei

Donate 5000 condoms.

　　December 29th-On December 28th, the campaign of "Take Action to Protect Yourself and Your Favorite" was held in Shanghai Jiajie International Plaza, and Hotaru Akanei, a famous Japanese actress, also appeared to support the campaign.

　　It is reported that Hotaru Akanei, once a popular actress of Japanese No.1, has now withdrawn from the AV entertainment circle and turned to actively participate in AIDS prevention public welfare undertakings. This time, Hotaru Akanei expanded the scope of publicity and came to Shanghai for the first time to make a personal appearance. At the scene, Hotaru Akanei appeared in a lovely costume, not only warmly greeting the audience, but also personally speaking in Chinese to appeal to people to pay attention to AIDS and pay attention to AIDS prevention. In addition, she also emphasized that many adult movies in Japan are false, so don’t imitate them deliberately to avoid hurting yourself.

　　During the event, Hotaru Akanei also donated 5,000 condoms to the organizers to support AIDS prevention. After the conference, he personally took to the streets to distribute autographed condoms to passers-by and took photos with fans.

　　It’s a great change for Hotaru Akanei from a popular actress to a charity ambassador now. In this regard, she also generously said that because of her previous work, she knows the pain caused by AIDS very well, but her awareness of AIDS prevention in Japan is generally weak. "I hope I can use my influence to influence people who support and care about me." Regarding the future development of public welfare undertakings in China, Hotaru Akanei said: "I will continue to participate in such public welfare activities in China. First of all, I would like to thank the fans who have been supporting me on the Internet. Secondly, I hope that one day I can learn Chinese well as soon as possible and communicate directly with everyone in Chinese. "

On December 4, four law professors were sworn in at the public hearing/Xinhua News Agency

　　The Judiciary Committee of the US House of Representatives held its first hearing on the impeachment investigation of President Donald Trump on the 4th. Some legal experts have determined that Trump’s contacts with Ukraine conform to the definition of "misdemeanor or felony" that can be impeached in the US Constitution.

　　In addition, the US federal prosecutor recently interviewed Andrei KoBorev, CEO of Ukrainian oil and gas company, to investigate the business transactions between President Donald Trump’s personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani and his partners.

　　Is the president’s action unconstitutional?

　　On the same day, the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives "took over" the impeachment investigation hearing of the Intelligence Committee and listened to legal experts’ opinions on the constitutional basis of impeachment. At the public hearing, four law professors were invited to testify on the constitutional basis of impeaching the president. At the hearing, the positions of the democratic and Republican parties were seriously opposed. Jerry Nadler, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee and a Democrat, said at the hearing that Trump "directly and explicitly sought foreign intervention in American elections" when dealing with Ukrainian affairs, which was unconstitutional. Three law professors invited by the Democratic Party all said that Trump was suspected of abusing his power and obstructing justice, and his behavior had met the conditions for impeachment. This Committee will then hold more hearings to decide whether to propose to impeach Trump and what "charges" to impeach.

　　Pamela Karan, a professor at Stanford Law School in the United States who attended the hearing, said that Trump "encouraged" Ukrainian President Vladimir Zelensky to investigate Joe Biden, a former vice president of the United States and a democratic candidate for the 2020 presidential election, and his son Hunter’s actions were "serious abuse of power".

　　Some experts hold the opposite opinion. Jonathan Terry, a professor at George Washington University in the United States, opposes the impeachment of Trump and believes that the impeachment investigation lacks sufficient evidence to support it and will end in vain.

　　The impeachment investigation began in September because an intelligence official accused Trump of using military aid as a bargaining chip when he spoke to Zelensky on the phone in July, and asked Uzbekistan to investigate and collect the "black materials" of Biden and his son. The Democratic Party accused the Republican president of abusing his power, seeking foreign forces to interfere in next year’s presidential election and harming national security interests, and then launched an impeachment investigation in the dominant House of Representatives. The previous investigation was led by the House Intelligence Committee, and several closed-door and public hearings were held. Trump decided that he was "politically persecuted" by Democrats, and his dissatisfied lawyer could not ask witnesses at the hearing.

　　Aides of some Democratic lawmakers disclosed that the Judiciary Committee may vote on whether to propose to impeach Trump in the next two weeks. Once passed, the impeachment case may be voted in the plenary session of the House of Representatives before Christmas on December 25th.

　　Trump supports private lawyers

　　On the 4th, Trump reported to the House Intelligence Committee that it was "no big deal" that his personal lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, frequently contacted White House officials by telephone.

　　On the 3rd, the Intelligence Committee published a 300-page impeachment investigation report, which disclosed some telephone call records of Trump’s "people around him", suggesting that inappropriate behavior was not limited to Trump himself. According to the report, these phone records involved many calls between Giuliani, Giuliani’s partner, Devon nunes, the highest-ranking Republican on the House Intelligence Committee, and the White House Office of Management and Budget.

　　"Some people say that he (Giuliani) called the White House. What does it matter? " Trump told reporters when attending the North Atlantic Treaty Organization summit in London, England, "Is that supposed to be a big deal? I don’t think so. "

　　William Taylor, the U.S. Chargé d ‘affaires in Ukraine, testified before the Intelligence Committee last month that the U.S. government pushed Ukraine to investigate Biden and his son through "unconventional policy channels", which was led by Giuliani. According to the 300-page report, Giuliani called a telephone number associated with the White House Office of Management and Budget three times on April 24, and it was this institution that once frozen military assistance to Ukraine; He also called a phone number associated with the White House eight times that day. Coincidentally, that night, the State Council called Mary Jovanovic, then the US ambassador to Ukraine, and asked her to return to China because the White House officials were "worried".

　　Trump insisted that he knew nothing about those calls, and insisted that Giuliani was a "very good lawyer" and "the best mayor in new york’s history". Giuliani argued that his repeated phone calls with the White House did not constitute a "specific topic". "You know, I am the president’s lawyer".

　　According to the procedure, if the House of Representatives approves the impeachment, the Senate will "hear" the impeachment case and decide whether to "convict" and dismiss Trump. However, the Senate is controlled by Trump’s Republican Party.

　　The oil tycoon volunteered to interview the prosecutor.

　　On the 4th, Associated Press quoted Lanny Brewer, lawyer of Andrei KoBorev, CEO of Ukrainian oil and gas company, as saying that KoBorev voluntarily met with representatives of the US Department of Justice. "The Ministry of Justice requested an interview with Andrei Coe Borev," Brewer said. "He agreed and took the initiative to talk to the prosecutor." Brewer did not specify the time and place of the interview. A source who was not authorized to talk about the investigation said that Coe Borev met with the US prosecutor in the British capital London.

　　A number of unnamed sources said that federal prosecutors in new york are investigating Giuliani’s business transactions. Previously, his partners, Florida businessmen Lev panas and Igor Fruhmann, were arrested while preparing to board a plane for Europe with a one-way ticket from Washington.

　　According to the indictment, panas and Fruhmann are believed to be the key intermediaries who helped Giuliani push the Ukrainian investigation into Joe Biden, a former vice president of the United States and a democratic candidate for next year’s presidential election, and his son Hunter. In January this year, they not only arranged for Giuliani to meet with yuriy lutsenko, the then Ukrainian Supreme Prosecutor, in new york, but also arranged for Giuliani to meet with other Ukrainian government officials many times.

　　The Associated Press reported that the impeachment investigation in the House of Representatives focused more on Giuliani’s role in pushing Uzbekistan to investigate Biden and his son. In contrast, the federal prosecutor’s "interview" with Borev and other Ukrainian oil and gas company executives showed that their investigation had expanded to the commercial transaction level of Giuliani and his partners.

　　William Taylor, the U.S. Chargé d ‘affaires in Ukraine, testified before the Intelligence Committee of the House of Representatives last month that the U.S. government pushed Ukraine to investigate Biden and his son through "unconventional policy channels", which was led by Giuliani. This group/Xinhua News Agency

　　How many steps is the impeachment process?

　　The first stage starts impeachment investigation.

　　On September 24th, nancy pelosi, Speaker of the National Assembly, announced the official launch of the impeachment investigation. On December 4th, the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives held its first public hearing.

　　In the second stage, the impeachment decision is made.

　　The Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives voted on whether there were sufficient reasons for impeachment. If it is not passed, the House of Representatives may still hold a plenary vote.

　　If the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives votes to approve the impeachment proposal, it will draft impeachment clauses, and each clause needs to be approved by a majority of members of the Judiciary Committee. The House of Representatives held a plenary debate on the impeachment clause submitted by the Judiciary Committee. The house of representatives holds a plenary vote on the impeachment clause, which requires a simple majority to pass.

　　The third stage of trial preparation

　　If the House of Representatives passes the impeachment clause, the impeachment case will enter the trial preparation stage. The House of Representatives appoints some members as "administrators" and acts as "prosecutors" to submit impeachment clauses to the Senate. The Senate acts as a jury.

　　John roberts, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, was sworn to preside over the trial and presided over the oath of senators. The Senate discussed the formulation of trial procedure guidelines. The Senate issued a subpoena to the president, asking him to respond to the impeachment clause by a specific deadline.

　　The fourth stage trial

　　Opening statement: The "administrator" appointed by the House of Representatives and the team of White House lawyers present the case, which may last for several days.

　　Verification of evidence: The Senate may issue subpoenas, demand evidence, cross-examine and cross-examine witnesses.

　　Closing the court debate: the prosecution and the defense make final statements.

　　Senate discussion: it is possible to discuss it behind closed doors and not open to the public.

　　The Senate votes on impeachment clauses: all impeachment clauses must be passed by a two-thirds majority.

　　Cctv news(Reporter Wei Junhao) As the first dictionary in China, how many words are included in Shuo Wen Jie Zi? How to build a bridge between ancient characters and later generations?

　　On February 20th, "Freehand brushwork in China — — Exploring the Origin of Chinese Characters ",the online theme propaganda interview group entered the Xu Shen Cultural Park in Luohe City, Henan Province, to see how Xu Shen, the sage of Chinese characters, explained Chinese characters and opened the door to Chinese characters.

　　In September 121 AD, Xu Chong, the son of Xu Shen, a famous Confucian scholar and philologist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, presented Shuo Wen Jie Zi to Emperor Han An. China’s first dictionary came out.

　　This book, which took Xu Shen’s life’s efforts, has 15 volumes, including 9353 words, 1163 "tautology" (i.e. variant characters), and 133441 words for explanation and explanation. Zhang Han, deputy director of Xu Shen Cultural Research and Protection Center, said that Xu Shen put the original scattered Chinese characters into 540 radicals by analyzing the font structure, and created a dictionary compilation method with radicals as the command, which made the shape, sound and meaning of Chinese characters tend to be standardized and unified.

　　Since then, there has been a unified standard and norm for Chinese character writing, both official and folk, which has been followed by future generations and has been used to this day.

　　According to reports, the earliest writing system in China, represented by Oracle Bone Inscriptions, has undergone profound changes for thousands of years and has written a profound history of Chinese civilization, among which Shuo Wen Jie Zi played an important role.

　　Shuo Wen Jie Zi has also become the first most authoritative Chinese dictionary in China. It is highly praised by emperors and literati in previous dynasties for its ladder and bridge to study pre-Qin characters. After reading this book, Zeng Guofan in Qing Dynasty spoke highly of it: "Xu Shu has only 200 words, and the ancient mirror has swept away the dust for thousands of years. Seal script has become popular, and the explanation is especially refreshing. The old Confucianism in Ganjia is elegant and elegant, and the strict section in the southeast is unparalleled. " After reading this set of Shuowen Jiezi, you will be familiar with the history of languages for thousands of years.

　　Xu Shen was also honored as "the sage of Chinese characters" and "the master of Chinese characters" by later generations. Today, more than 1000 years later, in order to carry forward Xu Shen culture and inherit Chinese character civilization, Luohe, the hometown of Zisheng, has built Xu Shen Cultural Park, a national 4A-level cultural tourist attraction, held many international seminars on Xu Shen culture, organized and carried out projects such as Xu Shen culture entering the campus, family and community all the year round, started the construction of a famous Chinese character cultural city, and promoted Chinese characters and Xu Shen spirit with the help of the whole city.

This issue of the "Precision Frontier" column shared by Zhao Haitao’s research team published inGenome Medicine(IF =11.12) [1], a mutation signature was constructed and verified to predict the prognosis of patients receiving immunotherapy, and the potential immune response of different subtypes was studied by using multidimensional data.

Research background

Immunocheckpoint inhibitors (ICI) have changed the treatment of many cancers. However, the beneficiaries of ICI treatment are limited, so it is necessary to screen and predict biomarkers to classify patients. At present, many biomarkers, such as tumor mutation load (TMB), have been used as indicative biomarkers in clinic. However, some high TMB patients with gene mutation related to immunotherapy resistance are not sensitive to ICI treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to go beyond TMB and identify the specific genetic determinants of ICI treatment response.

research design

The study included genome and clinical data of 12,647 patients. There were 1572 cases in the training set (immunotherapy patients with 9 kinds of cancer) and 932 cases in the verification set (immunotherapy patients with 5 kinds of cancer). The training set was sequenced by MSK-IMPACT panel containing 468 genes.

The authors identified a set of 11 genes based on mutation, which can divide patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The mutation of these 11 genes is related to the better response to ICI treatment, and this gene set has been proved to be an independent prognostic factor after ICI treatment.

research results

1. Identify mutant gene sets that can predict the outcome of immunotherapy.

Firstly, the survival differences of 468 genes in the training set were compared between wild type and mutant type, and 98 genes related to OS (global survival) were obtained. After that, LASSO COX regression analysis was further screened and 11 important genes were finally obtained. Through COX regression analysis, the risk score of each patient was quantified on the basis of 11 mutant gene sets. In the training concentration, the OS of patients in the high-risk group is shorter than that of patients in the low-risk group (Figure 1B). In order to study whether the gene set is limited to a specific population or suitable for different populations, the subgroup analysis regardless of age, drug use type and cancer species shows that the gene set is significantly related to the OS of patients treated with ICI (Figure 1C-E).

Figure 1. Generation and Verification of Gene Set Based on Mutation

2. Verification of predictable immunotherapy results

In order to further confirm the value of mutation-based gene set in predicting the results of immunotherapy, it was found that the OS of low-risk group was higher than that of high-risk group (Figure 1F). The research results of predicting ICI treatment response in gene set show that the DCB(durable clinical benefit) of ICI treatment in low-risk group is significantly increased compared with that in high-risk group (Figure 1G), and low-risk patients are more likely to respond to ICI treatment (Figure 1H). These results get the same results in the verification set (Figure 1I, J).

3. Gene set is an independent prognostic predictor of immunotherapy.

Next, the author verifies whether the gene set based on mutation is an independent predictor of immunotherapy response. In the training and validation set, univariate COX regression analysis showed that the gene set was related to OS. After adjusting for drug type, tumor type and TMB, multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the gene set was still an independent predictor, which confirmed the stability of its independent prediction of ICI prognosis (Figure 2A, B). In order to determine which factor has the best predictive performance, C-index is used to compare the performance of mutation-based gene sets with TMB and drug types. The results of C-index show that the gene set based on mutation can predict the prognosis more accurately than TMB and drug type in both training set and validation set (Figure 2C, D).

Fig. 2. Relationship between mutation-based gene sets and other characteristics

4. The clinical benefit of ICI treatment can be predicted based on the mutant gene set, disease stage, CTL and 6-IFN-g gene signature.

Considering the stage of disease, CTL and 6-gene IFN-g signature have been proved to be highly predictive of the response to ICI treatment, the authors speculate that they may play a synergistic role in predicting the response to immunotherapy. The author combined the gene set based on mutation with disease stage, CTL and 6-gene IFN-g signature through Nomotograph, and provided a method for clinicians to quantitatively predict the OS of patients treated by ICI. Fig. 2E is the nomogram of Riaz cohort construction, and the calibration curve of fig. 2F shows the consistency of actual and predicted results, indicating that these signature should be integrated into the predicted nomogram of ICI treatment.

5. Potential external immune landscape of high and low risk groups

In order to further explore the relationship between immune system and mutation-based gene set, the authors conducted a multi-group analysis of TCGA cohort, and the risk score divided TCGA cohort into high and low risk groups (Figure 3A). At the genome level, the proportion of white blood cells, lymphocytes and TIL in the low-risk group was significantly higher than that in the high-risk group (Figure 3B-D). The H&E staining results of TIL ratio are consistent with the above results (Figure 3E). In addition, the proportion of immunostimulatory cells (such as CD8 T cells) in the low-risk group is also significantly higher than that in the high-risk group (Figure 3F). The above results were further tested by Danaher et al.’ s immune infiltration score (figure 3G) and immune characteristic score (figure 3H), and it was found that the abundance of immune cells in low-risk group was higher. Then unsupervised clustering was used to cluster the immune characteristic scores of patients in TCGA cohort, and the results were clustered into two immune infiltration modes (Figure 3I), and the high immune infiltration was significantly enriched in the low-risk group (Figure 3J).

Fig. 3. Immune status of high and low risk population in TCGA cohort.

In addition, the immune signature in the low-risk group was significantly higher than that in the adjacent cancer tissue; On the contrary, the immune signature in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the adjacent tissues (Figure 4A). The correlation of immune activity in low-risk group was significantly higher than that in high-risk group (Figure 4B, C). GSEA results showed that 13 pathways were significantly enriched in the low-risk group, including 6 immune-related pathways, such as "cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells" (Figure 4D). Tumors in the low-risk group are associated with significantly higher CYT scores, and the number of fibroblasts in the high-risk group is now increasing (Figure 4E, F). According to these results, the low-risk group is rich in immune cells, which can respond to ICI treatment, and fibroblasts may help the high-risk group escape. The expression of chemokines in the low-risk group is higher (Figure 4G, H), so the author speculates that the enrichment of chemokines in the low-risk group may trigger an immune response.

Figure 4. Potential external immune landscape of high and low risk groups　

6. Potential inherent immune landscape of high and low risk groups

Some potential factors determining tumor immunogenicity between the two groups were compared. Mutation, new antigen load, TCR and BCR diversity in low-risk group were significantly higher than those in high-risk group, but CNV load and aneuploidy in high-risk group were higher than those in low-risk group (Figure 5A). This result is consistent with previous studies, that is, tumor aneuploidy is related to immunotherapy and decreased immune escape marker response. In addition, the heterogeneity of tumor in high-risk group is higher than that in low-risk group, which further supports the view that tumor will promote the development of heterogeneity in the presence of cytolytic activity and less active infiltration of immune cells. In order to further understand the mutation process of high and low risk groups, the mutation characteristics were described according to somatic mutation data, and four different mutation patterns were determined in TCGA cohort (Figure 5B). The frequency of these four mutation signals in the low-risk group is significantly higher than that in the high-risk group (Figure 5C). In addition, it was also found that immune checkpoint molecules (such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA4) and costimulatory molecules were more highly expressed in the low-risk group (Figure 5E).

Figure 5. Potential innate immune response and escape landscape in high and low risk groups.　

7. Copy number characteristics of high and low risk groups

Significant differences in chromosome variation were detected in high and low risk groups (fig. 6A). Local amplification peaks of immune genes with good characteristics, such as PD-L1 (9p24.1) and PD-L2 (9p24.1), were observed in the low-risk group (fig. 6B, C). GO function annotation of the specifically amplified genes showed that the low-risk group was significantly enriched in two immune-related biological processes, while the high-risk group was significantly enriched in the biological process of "positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation", but not in any immune-related biological processes (Figure 6E). At the level of mRNA expression in TCGA cohort, the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 mRNA in low-risk group increased significantly (Figure 6G), which was consistent with CNV data. This finding suggests that CNVs in tumor contributes to the observed difference in immune infiltration.

Figure 6. Variation of copy number in high and low risk groups

discuss

This study is the first time to use an independent cohort to study the comprehensive mutant gene sets of different tumor types. Through PSM algorithm, hierarchical analysis and multivariate COX regression analysis, the application performance of mutation-based gene sets in different types of tumors was tested, and the results showed that mutation-based gene sets were reliable.

This study has the following innovation and practical application value. First, different types of tumors (such as NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer), melanoma and renal cell carcinoma) are used, which represent the most common types of cancer treated with ICI. Secondly, the application of multiple biomarker prediction model needs to understand the factors that affect the accuracy and precision of Qualcomm analysis in clinical practice. The risk score formula and threshold of mRNA expression calculation are not suitable for verification with other types of data. Therefore, this study developed a gene set based on mutation to predict the clinical efficacy of ICI treatment. The composition of the above mutations is neither affected by tissue types nor adjusted by any other biomarkers. The risk score formula and threshold of gene set based on mutation can be verified by other tumor analysis methods, such as DNA sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis. Therefore, mutation-based gene sets are not affected by technological changes, even when different platforms are used in different centers. Thirdly, in practice, gene sets based on mutations avoid exposing patients to potential immune-related adverse reactions when they are unlikely to respond, and enable patients to match to potentially more effective treatments more quickly. Fourthly, the prediction performance of gene set based on mutation is compared with other factors that can predict immunotherapy, and it is found that the prediction performance of gene set based on mutation is better than all these factors.

Several limitations of this study. First of all, because some mutations may be enriched in some tumor types, the initial goal of this study is to create a panel instead of identifying a single gene (such as BRAF), because the former can contain more genes to predict the prognosis of different types of tumors. Secondly, although the immune landscape of 11 genes in the gene set based on mutation has been explored, it is still necessary to clarify the molecular mechanism of each gene affecting immunotherapy in vivo and in vitro functional experiments. Thirdly, the enrichment scores of carcinogenic pathways and the expression patterns of immune checkpoints should also be detected by immunohistochemistry.

tag

The mutation-based gene set proposed in this study is the first comprehensive genomic marker systematically identified, which can be used to evaluate the ICI treatment effect of pan-cancer species. This study is also the largest prognostic model discovery project for cancer patients receiving ICI treatment (whether single drug treatment or combined treatment of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4). Nomoto, which combines mutation-based gene set with TMB and drug types, can help clinicians choose patients who may have a strong response to ICI treatment. In addition, it also reveals the different immune conditions of high and low risk groups, and specific genomic changes may drive the formation of these microenvironments. In a word, this work puts forward a new tumor classification method, which may guide the decision-making of ICI treatment.　END　

References:

[1]　Long, J., Wang, D., Wang, A. et al. A mutation-based gene set predicts survival benefit after immunotherapy across multiple cancers and reveals the immune response landscape. G enome Med 14, 20 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-022-01024-y

Write Liu Hua Hua

Editing and typesetting SX

　　What is the most tearful thing these days? Nothing is more than "the head is not bald yet, and the cervical vertebrae are collapsed first." Low-headed people don’t hurry to touch their back necks. Is your cervical vertebra okay? As a "senior" patient with cervical spondylosis, the reporter also groped for a long time on the road to saving cervical vertebrae and tried many methods, but compared with this netizen, the reporter sighed! How hard they have worked to treat cervical spondylosis! Take a quick look at their fancy self-help method.

　　Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu Journalist Wang Yun

　　Netizens share neck brace, traction and massage … … Evaluation of cervical self-help artifact

　　Artifact 1: Neck Bracket

　　"I think this kind of thing should have one person." Netizen Elly introduced her new good product to her colleagues: neck support. According to the photo, this neck brace looks like an advanced version of the "neck collar". The professional term is an ergonomic curved neck strap, which can adjust the neck circumference according to the thickness of one’s neck and has the effect of supporting decompression.

　　Netizen Elly said that when she first wore it, she felt a little uncomfortable and needed to hold it all the time, but she got used to it after two days of adaptation. "It is very light and small, and the fabric is quite comfortable. Wearing it can play a role of reminding, like holding the back of the head with one hand. I feel that this is also conducive to opening the shoulders, and it will not put any pressure on the cervical vertebrae and shoulders for one day."

　　Artifact 2: Traction Pillow

　　"Torturing my cervical spondylosis and neck pain, it’s much better to use a traction pillow!" A netizen said that his cervical spine was particularly sore because he often played mobile phones, and there was a "rich bag" that affected his posture. After trying the traction pillow, he felt more relaxed and comfortable.

　　The reporter found that the traction pillow is different from the advertised sleeping pillow for repairing cervical vertebrae. It is not used for sleeping, but for going to bed. This kind of product claims that it only takes a few minutes every day to lie down gently and bid farewell to cervical discomfort. It uses the gravity of the head to pull the cervical vertebra and guide the cervical vertebra to return to a healthy curvature. The slightly advanced one also has a heating function.

　　Artifact 3: Cervical Vertebral Instrument

　　"We are bald for a while, overworked for a while, and we have to soak Lycium barbarum in a thermos cup for a while … …” A netizen laughed at himself. It is nothing new to feel that the post-90s generation is full of problems. Now the neck has become a key protection object. The artifact she recommended is a cervical vertebra instrument, which looks like a big crab pliers and is covered with bumps. This kind of product is not electric massage, but self-weight massage.

　　"This massager really pinpoints the sore point on the cervical vertebra. Lying on it for ten minutes every day with arm exercise is really sour and refreshing, especially relaxing the trapezius muscle." Netizens share their own experience and recommend it to cervical vertebra patients with shoulder and neck pain.

　　Artifact 4: Foam Axis

　　"I want to announce that the foam shaft is an artifact of cervical spondylosis, which really saved my cervical discomfort tonight." A netizen shared her newly discovered artifact to save cervical vertebra — — Foam shaft, "can make you really relax in an instant, feel much more comfortable, at least not painful."

　　She also shared the use of foam shaft to relieve cervical pain: the whole body lies flat and relaxes, the foam shaft is placed on the pillow, and the head is slightly twisted left and right. You can feel the pain in the acupoints below the back of your head, and you will relax a lot after rolling.

　　Artifact 5: Cervical traction chair

　　Do you still remember the "hanging" cervical exercise method created by aunts and uncles? On the big trees in the park, they hang their heads on the trees, swing and shake their bodies rhythmically, and some can even keep their feet off the ground. It is precisely because of the strange style of painting that it once occupied the hot search list. However, what I want to talk about here is of course not this kind of "hanging by hanging", but netizens directly buy "cervical traction chair" and treat it by hanging their necks at home. "The advantage is that it is uncomfortable. I can use it at home at any time. I have used it for more than a dozen times in a row and feel that my shoulders and neck are much easier." Some netizens commented on the use experience.

　　The reporter searched on the shopping website and found that there are quite a few hospitals with the same model, and the sales volume is also good. Many of them advertised "solving the fundamental problem of cervical vertebrae". The reporter noticed that these traction chair are even more luxurious than those in hospitals, and many of them are more comfortable to sit for a long time with sofa-class seats; Can adjust the lever by itself, which can be long or short; Even the traction belt is widened and thickened, which can be adjusted according to the face shape.

　　Expert’s opinion, the good habit of "looking up at the sky" may be the best artifact.

　　So many artifacts to save the cervical vertebra, which one is useful? The reporter found an interesting phenomenon. Whenever a netizen shares his "self-help artifact", there are different opposition voices underneath. For example, although the neck brace recommended by the above netizens is good for their own use, some people use their own failure examples to suggest that those people with poor cervical vertebrae can’t wear it for a long time, which will make the neck muscles lose their self-regulation ability.

　　Just like a netizen accidentally revealed the "truth" — — "If there are such artifacts, the topic of cervical spondylosis will not exist!"

　　Tian Jiwei, chief medical officer of Deyu Medical, vice president of Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital and director of the Orthopedic Center, pointed out that cervical spondylosis is a syndrome concept, and most people do not need surgery after suffering from cervical spondylosis. "In clinic, less than 10% of patients really need surgery, which means that 90% of patients can achieve good results through conservative treatment, and even play a preventive role."

　　For a variety of therapeutic artifacts such as cervical pillows on the market, he also reminded that they may not play a therapeutic role.

　　How to prevent cervical spondylosis? It is very simple. First of all, we should reduce the inactivity that lasts for a long time. "If an action lasts for three hours, our cervical vertebrae will degenerate and strain, and long-term degeneration and strain will induce the proliferation, bulging and protrusion of intervertebral discs, and finally induce cervical spondylosis." Tian Jiwei said that for the "low-headed people" who use mobile phones and computers for a long time, they should get into the habit of looking up at the sky and rest for 15 minutes after a continuous action for two hours. "This will restore our physiological curvature without further aggravation."

　　Tian Jiwei believes that in the conservative treatment methods that cervical vertebra patients can try, besides changing posture regularly at work, exercise is also very important. Gentle neck movement and upper limb movement are beneficial to the relaxation of neck and shoulder muscles and improve blood circulation, and mild cervical spondylosis will be improved. "But not all sports are suitable. Swimming and flying kites are the sports that patients with cervical spondylosis can choose. These two exercises are effective for the recovery of cervical physiological curvature, the repair of cervical intervertebral disc and the prevention of the deterioration of cervical spondylosis. "

　　Xinhua Online Hai, August 14th (Reporter He Xinrong, Joline) The home is too messy, please ask someone to help you "break away"; Running at night, there are people who accompany the guidance; I can’t find bike-sharing when I go out, and someone will come and put it in a few days … … Have you ever thought that there are rich new job opportunities behind these increasingly familiar scenes?

　　It’s not that I don’t understand, it’s that the world is changing too fast. The surging new economy makes the definition of "work" richer and more exciting. More and more post-80s and post-90s have started different careers. While showing personality, it also brings more vitality to society.

　　The Magic of New Economy: From 360 Lines to 3600 Lines

　　Bike-sharing operator, shared office housekeeper, credit manager, quantitative trader, fashion blogger, family organizer, food stylist, escort runner, genetic tester, UP owner, drone trainer & HELIP; … The degree of "brain holes" in new occupations is beyond imagination.

　　Rome was not built in a day, and new occupations did not emerge overnight. The booming new economy in recent years is a fertile ground for these new occupations.

　　Although there is no accurate official definition, the coverage of "new economy" is very extensive. It not only refers to internet plus, Internet of Things, cloud computing and other emerging industries and formats in the tertiary industry, but also includes intelligent manufacturing and mass customization production in industry, and also involves family farms in the primary industry, and the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

　　In the past two years, the "new economy" has accelerated its growth, showing amazing "magic power": China’s employment indicators (including newly employed population, survey unemployment rate, etc.) rank first among 63 major economies in the world, while the macroeconomic growth rate is slowing down.

　　There is no doubt that the "new occupation" spawned by the "new economy" has absorbed a large number of employed people. The constantly updated list of national vocational qualifications shows that the number of jobs is moving from the original 360 to the new 3600. More and more people are creating new values for society while releasing their individuality.

　　Five rules of new career: see how many you have.

　　It is precisely because it resonates with the new economy at the same frequency that new occupations that look colorful actually have rules to follow. If you don’t want to be bound by the "cubicle", you may wish to refer to the following five rules:

　　[Internet Gene] The sharing economy has created operators, shared office housekeepers and shared house landlords in bike-sharing, while the platform economy has brought car drivers, couriers and take-away workers. Nowadays, most of the hottest entrepreneurial fields have Internet genes. With the Internet "connecting everything", people’s "career map" is being refreshed rapidly.

　　The current Internet applications are mainly concentrated in the fields of consumption and services. With the Internet becoming an infrastructure like hydropower and coal, and expanding to manufacturing and agriculture, new jobs with Internet genes will continue to emerge.

　　Su Hainan, vice president of china association for labour studies, said that the new occupation in the Internet era has some new features. If the task is fragmented, the working hours are not fixed; Diversified labor relations, such as the traditional employment relationship between platform and employees; Products and services are personalized, and labor output is more suitable for the specific needs of consumers.

　　[Subdivide and subdivide] A food can’t be nutritious, but it must be delicious. It’s not good just to eat, but to look good. As a result, the food stylist was born gorgeous. It must be said that the escalating demand of consumers has created new occupations in many seemingly inconspicuous segments.

　　"Professional people do professional things", with the east wind of consumption upgrading, new demands are constantly being stimulated: running and exercising with runners, traveling in personal tailor … … Because of China’s huge domestic demand market, any small demand may contain infinite potential.

　　[People behind "Nobody"] Unmanned driving, unmanned supermarket, drone delivery … … The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology makes the concept of "nobody" hot, and also makes many people worry that they will become a "useless" class. The statement that "50% of jobs will disappear in the next decade" has scared many fragile hearts.

　　In fact, no matter how developed artificial intelligence is and how many "unmanned" technologies are, there are still people behind it who are studying and manipulating it. However, their work changed from being in front of the stage to being behind the scenes. Tommy, Vice Minister of Science and Technology, said that in the long run, the employment brought by science and technology is far greater than unemployment. Take artificial intelligence for example, the algorithm engineer behind it is now in a state of extreme shortage. Instead of worrying about being replaced in the future, it is better to charge it now.

　　[Hobby is work] A few years ago, the old people would say, "Humor can’t be a meal", and no one regarded "telling jokes" as a job. Nowadays, "Duan Zishou" has really appeared. A few years ago, it was just a pastime to like the secondary culture and be good at making barrage videos. Today, the studio of "UP Master" has completed commercial realization in the real world of three dimensions.

　　Turning hobbies into jobs has become a new choice for many post-90s and post-90s. There are not so many instructions, and there is no strict index assessment. I do things with interest and "make money by playing." Therefore, parents who are eager to enroll their children in extracurricular training classes should see how important it is to respect their children’s nature and cultivate their interests!

　　[Rejuvenation of old crafts] It sounds that new occupations are often related to new knowledge and new skills? It’s not exactly like this. People always have some urgent needs, such as eating. From the ancient skilled worker to the modern chef, the professional "vest" is changing, but the core of pursuing delicious food has not changed.

　　Therefore, in the era of vigorous development of the new economy, the story of "rejuvenation of old crafts" has been staged again and again, even more moist than before. Bike-sharing is on fire, which has ruined the manufacturing workshop and the mechanic. There are fewer tailors on the street, but the old masters who come to order are popular. Once regarded as an unpopular veterinary graduate, she is now a pet beautician in MengMeng … … Society will not mistreat people with skills.

　　New employment concept: the boundary between white collar with gold collar and blue collar with gray collar is blurring.

　　The new economy gives birth to new occupations, and new occupations bring new employment concepts. In the past, people habitually divided their occupations into gold collar, white collar, gray collar and blue collar according to the working environment and income. Nowadays, more and more people find that the boundaries between these "collars" are becoming increasingly blurred.

　　"I earn 15,000 yuan a month. Will I lose this job for a gift of 2,000 yuan?" A few years ago, the story of a SF Express courier "getting angry" in a white-collar office was circulated around the Internet. Between words, full of professional pride. According to the traditional concept, the courier is a "blue-collar" position, which can make the courier stand at the scene of the bell ringing ceremony of listed companies due to the rapid growth of social demand and increasing technical content.

　　In the interview, the reporter was also exposed to many touching stories. Han Yien, a 28-year-old lawyer, was a financial company in Lujiazui, Shanghai. When she switched to be a home organizer, her mother cried. Because in the eyes of the older generation, this is a job of "serving people". But after more than two years of accumulation, Han Yien made a name for himself in the circle. Not only on-site service, but also receiving students and giving lectures, the "Qian Jing" is quite impressive. More and more elders gradually understand and recognize her choice of "not doing housework".

　　From farming society, industrial society, information society and intelligent age, the development of new technology has rapidly changed the traditional labor pattern. When mobile payment replaces cashier, artificial intelligence replaces repetitive workers, just as car drivers replaced coachmen.

　　It can be predicted that in the future, the social division of labor will become more and more detailed and the occupations will become more and more diversified. "Tall" jobs, such as investment bank traders, may be replaced by artificial intelligence if they don’t work hard. And more jobs without innate aura can live a wonderful life as long as they are willing to make sincere efforts.

　　The future has come. Embrace the new economy and fall in love with the new occupation. You, are you ready?

　　How do new Chinese immigrants overcome the difficulty of studying?

　　When new Chinese immigrants come to foreign countries and work hard, it is often difficult to take care of their children’s studies. In recent years, some young Chinese immigrants have gone abroad to study, but they are also faced with challenges such as different study environments in foreign countries and family financial difficulties, resulting in some dropouts. Let the children of new immigrants and young new immigrants better integrate into the new learning environment and ensure their academic success, which requires better home-school cooperation and better system design at the social level.

　　It is not common to play truant and work.

　　When new Chinese immigrants first arrive in the United States, they face many difficulties, and the education of their children is one of them.

　　According to the US "World Journal" report, due to the large number of young shop assistants recruited by Chinese restaurants and retail stores in new york, the problem of many new immigrant Chinese students dropping out of school is more serious.

　　According to Zhao Hongfang, a bilingual psychological counselor at Jiangbang High School in Flushing, some Chinese students are in Internet cafes all day and night. When they are familiar with the store, they actually help to watch the store at night. When asked by their parents how they have money to spend, they lie about working after class.

　　Some Chinese students don’t get along well with their parents, so they moved out at the age of 17 and watched the shop at night to earn living expenses. In particular, the owners of new Chinese restaurants in Flushing are looking for young clerks who know English, attracting a large number of dropouts. The school said that they would go to the restaurant to bring these students back.

　　However, the lack of diplomas will only bring more difficulties for new immigrants to seek a living in the United States in the future. According to the report, a survey in new york in 2015 showed that the annual salary of those without a high school diploma was only $21,121, those with a high school diploma was $31,038 and those with a bachelor’s degree was about $60,000.

　　It is worth noting that although new Chinese immigrants have played truant, worked or even dropped out of school, this is not the norm.

　　In an interview with this newspaper, Liang Guanjun, chairman of the American East Asian Association, believes that some students in every school play truant or drop out of school for some reason. "Flushing is so big, and employment opportunities are still limited. We can only say that this phenomenon exists among the new immigrants in new york, but the size of the’ large number’ in the report is debatable."

　　Even so, the difficulty in adapting to new Chinese immigrants still needs attention.

　　Inadvertence in discipline and difficulty in adaptation

　　Different from the "Chinese" born and raised in the United States, behind the new Chinese immigrants who came to the United States to work and play truant is the helplessness of their families’ inability to discipline and adapt to the environment.

　　"This is an old problem, which exists in big cities in the east and west of the United States and is quite difficult to solve." Chinese lawyer Sun Lantao said in an interview with this newspaper that Chinese in the United States often choose school districts to send their children to school. All the above phenomena occur in bad school districts. There, parents are forced to survive, sometimes working hard for 12 hours every day, and have no time to ask about their children’s learning. Children’s own English is not enough, and they are under bilingual pressure, so they are discouraged and unwilling to learn.

　　For new immigrant students, the financial hardship of their families is also a major incentive to play truant and work. "Nowadays, in the United States, it is not easy for restaurants to recruit people, so the salaries are relatively high." Liang Guanjun introduced that the monthly salary of Flushing Restaurant is about 2,800 dollars, which attracts students who can’t go on studying, and there are also cases where individual families have financial difficulties and need their children to make money.

　　The educational environment and allocation of educational resources in American society are also very different from those in China.

　　Sun Lantao introduced that the US Constitution and the constitutions of all states stipulate that any school-age children must receive compulsory education before the age of 18, regardless of whether they or their parents have immigration status. That is to say, even the children of illegal immigrants, as long as they are school-age children, no matter where they live, public schools must accept them and must not refuse them to go to school on the grounds of poor English and insufficient test scores. However, at the implementation level, the imbalance of educational resources has greatly reduced the effect of ensuring the enrollment rate of immigrant children.

　　"American culture is different from that of China, where the whole people attach importance to education. Ordinary public schools often have poor basic education. Psychological counseling and bilingual guidance advocated by the education department cannot be put in place at all because of the lack of human resources. " Sun Taotao introduced.

　　The negligence of family discipline and the difference of social environment bring poor communication between home and school, which eventually leads to inefficiency in the academic management cooperation of new immigrant children. "Chinese immigrants, Chinese new immigrants, survival is a problem, and the language is unreasonable. I don’t know how to start." Sun Lantao said that the communication information between parents and school teachers is seriously poor, which reduces the effectiveness of cooperation between schools and parents.

　　Multi-party cooperation to promote studies together

　　How to help new Chinese immigrants better integrate into the new learning environment and ensure their enrollment rate? Experts said that the joint efforts and effective cooperation of all parties are needed.

　　On the one hand, new immigrant families need to integrate into the new study environment more actively. Cai Wenyao, consultant of the American Chinese Chamber of Commerce, said in an interview with this newspaper: "Children need to get out of the comfort zone and consult more local students. Parents can also make good use of community resources and communicate with other immigrant parents who have experienced difficult stages instead of resting on their laurels."

　　At the same time, home and school also need to better cooperate, psychologically appease their children, and more effectively prevent students who want to skip classes and work from drilling loopholes in the system.

　　In an interview with the World Journal, Zhao Hongfang said that parents can take the initiative to provide contact information to the school and learn to check attendance records and grades online. If parents leave their children completely unattended, the school can report it and ask the Children’s Service Administration to intervene in the investigation.

　　On the other hand, the society can also make efforts in promoting the children of Chinese new immigrants to study.

　　"In a short time, it is still a luxury to solve the problem of young Chinese immigrants going to school." Lawyer Sun Lantao said that despite this, from the legislative point of view, with the increasing proportion of Chinese in politics, this phenomenon will attract the attention of political circles, and the education department will also strengthen investment in this group and training bilingual teachers. With the increase of corresponding educational resources and infrastructure, the current situation may gradually change.

　　Central Meteorological Observatory (in China)At 18: 00 on October 2,continueIssue a cold wave blue warning:Affected by strong cold air, it is estimated that the temperature will generally drop by 8 ~ 12℃ in most parts of central and eastern China from 20: 00 on October 2 to 20: 00 on October 6, and the temperature will drop by 12 ~ 16℃ in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, northeast China, most of Shaanxi, southwestern Shanxi, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, northern Hunan, northwestern Jiangxi, southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, among which, central Inner Mongolia and southeastern Heilongjiang. On the morning of 6th to 7th, the lowest temperature 0℃ line will be located in the northern part of North China and the central part of Northeast China, and the lowest temperature 10℃ line will be located in the northeastern part of Sichuan, the central part of Hubei, the southern part of Henan and the southern part of Shandong. There will be 4~6 winds in the Yangtze River basin and its north, and gusts in high altitude areas and rivers and lakes can reach 7~8. There will be 7-8 strong winds and 9-10 gusts in the northern and eastern seas of China.

Defense guide：

1, personnel should pay attention to add clothes to keep warm; In production, be prepared for the defense against strong winds and cool weather;

2, doors and windows, hoardings, scaffolding, temporary structures and other structures that are easily blown by strong winds are fastened, and outdoor items that are easily affected by strong winds are properly placed;

3. Take shelter from the wind in sheltered places and notify outdoor workers to pay attention to safety;

4, pay attention to the latest information about the media reports of gale cooling, so as to take further measures;

5, transportation, public security and other departments should do a good job in preparing for road icing in accordance with their duties.