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1905 movie network news Marvel superhero giant system has been concerned by many fans since the day of publicity. Besides the film itself, Spider-Man’s image is also loved by countless fans. It has been nearly 50 years since he made his debut as a comic book in 1962 and made it into a movie and landed on the big screen. Spider-Man has accompanied generations of fans to grow up.

With the approaching of the film’s release in North America, the discussion of this image by many fans has become more and more enthusiastic, and everyone has shared their reasons for liking Spider-Man. The Dutch brother, who plays Spider-Man in Spider-Man: A Hero Without Return and is also a fan of Spider-Man, was also praised by netizens for his recent interview.

Emotional powder discussed the image of Spider-Man enthusiastically, calling it "the superhero who is most like ordinary people."

Recently, fans shared their reasons for loving Spider-Man.Spider-Man’s people-friendly people who have no sense of distance have captured a large number of fans. Some netizens said: "He is a neighbor enough, we grew up together, and he experienced the same happiness, entanglement, love and even pain as you"; Spider-Man’s various good qualities attract netizens: "Spider-Man may not be the strongest hero, but he must be the most kind and fearless"; There are also fans who like his cool super power: "He can go to heaven and go to the ground, flying over the eaves and walking over the walls;" With flexible spider web launcher and spider-sensing super power, every move looks cool! Which child doesn’t want to turn into Spider-Man? "

Some netizens said with deep affection: "Spider-Man is a belief! He is not affected by rumors, has a strong heart, and still chooses to be a hero. " All kinds of discussions are enough to show everyone’s love for Spider-Man.

The Dutch brother talked about his acting experience, which was very moving. Both inside and outside the play were "Spider-Man".

As the third-generation Spider-Man, the Dutch brother, who liked Spider-Man since he was a child, also has great affection for this role. He once said in an interview: "If I continue to play Spider-Man, I will shoot ten more films.". At the previous fan sharing meeting, I once choked up when talking about the experience of playing Spider-Man, saying that "playing Spider-Man is a great experience, and I am glad to see everyone so enthusiastic, which means the world to me".

Dutch brother’s "Spider-Man spirit" has also extended from in-play to out-of-play. In an interview recently, he said: I feel that I won’t always be an actor, and I want to buy several apartments in the future and rent them out at below-market prices. The netizen praised: "Spider-Man, your good neighbor and superhero, is in the play, and Spider-Man, who really protects justice and helps others, is outside the play.".

　

"Spider-Man: No Return of Heroes" was directed by Jon Watts again, and the original crew, such as,, and, all returned and joined heavily. As the preface to the fourth stage of Marvel Comics’s big screen, "Spider-Man: No Return of Heroes" is called "a must-see movie of the year" by netizens for its grand and exciting battle scenes and infinite possibilities of the multiverse. This film will be officially released in North America on December 17th. I look forward to its early introduction into China!

　　In 1980, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen were formally established! As the "testing ground" and "window" of reform and opening up, special economic zones have opened a brand-new page for China’s economic and social development. After 40 years of hard exploration, countless builders, entrepreneurs and strugglers bravely stood on the forefront and braved the wind and waves.

　　"Only innovators are strong, but those who reform and innovate win." There is too much pride and hardship behind the 40 years of glory. If you use nine words to sort out these 40 years, would you choose these words? ↓ ↓ ↓

　　Forty years have passed in a flash, and the witnesses must want to say "special love to special you" to the SAR. Yes, the SAR is "special", so are countless people’s love and dedication to her. The harvest and growth are also "special" for individuals and countries. The 40 years of the SAR are worthy of this word!

　　Without reform and opening up, there would be no special economic zones! And special economic zones are also a banner of reform and opening up. As the ancients said, running water does not rot, and a family member does not bite. The world has changed, and the word "change" is in the chest, so that it will not be complacent and will not set limits on itself.

　　Crossing the river by feeling the stones is easier said than done, so the word "brave" is more needed. Without "courage", what can we talk about? Without "courage", what can we talk about? The brave win when they meet in the narrow road. The special economic zone has today’s situation. We need to pay tribute to a group of brave people!

　　Only "courage" is not enough, and both wisdom and courage can make the special economic zone walk on two legs! Over the past 40 years, every step of the special economic zones has concentrated the wisdom of countless people, and the amazing achievements have proved to the world that the ancient peoples in the East have never lacked intelligence.

　　"Dare to be the first in the world" is the first sentence that many people think of when they mention special economic zones. It is "safe" to keep pace with others, but without the courage to be a pioneer, where can there be the glory and achievements of special economic zones?

　　How many difficulties have the special economic zones overcome in the past 40 years? How many stones have been kicked away? It depends on Chinese’s belief that "if you don’t fight at this time, when will you fight?" It depends on the enthusiasm of "if you love to fight, you will win".

　　"The martial arts in the world are fast and unbreakable", and the construction and development of special economic zones also highlight the word "fast". In just forty years, how many miracles have been created that others may not be able to accomplish in a hundred years? Time is money, and efficiency is life. People in the SAR have the deepest understanding of this saying, and the concept of seizing the day has already been integrated into their blood and bone marrow of more and more Chinese. "China speed" is not built!

　　How much pride does an ordinary word "Chuang" contain in belonging to a special economic zone? Establish one enterprise after another, create one brand after another, innovate one product after another, create a batch of talents, and more importantly, create an era that will benefit and make all Chinese proud!

　　New era, new ideas, new goals, new actions and new achievements! It’s only forty, and the special economic zone has a long way to go! People in the SAR, Chinese, never sleeps on the credit book. If you ask them about their most brilliant achievements and most satisfactory results, they will always be next!

　　◎ He Guoqing (Professor, School of biosystems engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University)

　　What is the hottest thing in nutrition now? "Probiotics" is definitely an existence that can’t be ignored, and it has become a hot topic on the Internet, giving birth to online celebrity products with all kinds of probiotics as elements.

　　While the topic of "probiotics" is hot, consumers can’t help but have many questions. What kind of bacteria is probiotics? Is there any substantial benefit to ordinary people? The following experts will come out to explain the misunderstandings about probiotics that have appeared in recent years.

　　Myth 1: Probiotic health foods can replace drugs to treat diseases.

　　Tell you for sure: no.

　　First, probiotic health foods are not medicines.

　　So what is a drug? There is a strict definition of drugs. Let’s talk about the purpose of using drugs first. Drugs are used to prevent, treat and diagnose human diseases and adjust human physiological functions purposefully. It is stipulated that there are clear indications or functional indications, in short, what diseases and their symptoms are targeted at, such as colds, fever, cough, pneumonia, enteritis and so on; It must also be clear about the usage: oral (fasting, after meals), intramuscular injection, intravenous injection, and which drugs can not be used at the same time, and the dosage (excessive dosage may have serious consequences, such as sleeping pills can improve sleep, and excessive dosage can kill); It is also necessary to explain what side effects there are. As the saying goes, "drugs are toxic in three ways", that is to say, drugs are allowed to have side effects, because if you want to treat a disease, you can only take the lesser of the two evils, and you should stop taking drugs when you recover, or you should stop taking drugs and change to other drugs after using them for a certain period of time (course of treatment).

　　Second, probiotic health food is food, not for the purpose of treating diseases.

　　The word health food contains two meanings: health care and food, that is to say, it has health care function, but it retains the basic requirement of food: safety. Health food is suitable for a specific group of people, generally a group (s) with poor physiological function, or a sub-healthy group. Moreover, different health foods have different health functions, which are suitable for different groups of people, such as constipation or diarrhea due to disorder of intestinal flora, frequent colds due to low immune function, fatigue and other different conditions, so the corresponding health foods are used. The state stipulates that health foods have 27 functions, and there are 27 different health foods; The purpose of eating health food is also to regulate the body function, prevent and reduce the occurrence of diseases, but not to treat diseases.

　　Health food belongs to food, and the most basic requirement of food must be maintained, that is, it is safe and does not cause any acute, subacute or chronic harm to human body. Any health food must complete acute, subacute and chronic toxicology tests before it is declared. Probiotic health food must also ensure that it will not produce antibiotic resistance tests. Only when it is determined that it will not produce any acute, subacute or chronic harm can it be approved as a health food.

　　Third, the law forbids health food to replace medicine.

　　The Food Safety Law has clear provisions on health food, formula food for special medical purposes, health food and other special foods. It is clearly stipulated in the health food clause that health food cannot replace medicine. At the same time, the law also requires that the label of health food must be marked: "This product is irreplaceable."

　　Fourth, health food can be used for patients, but it still cannot replace medicines.

　　As mentioned earlier, health food is suitable for a certain (some) people with poor physiological function or sub-health. These people can choose health food with corresponding functions, such as probiotic health food, according to their feelings in daily life, such as frequent constipation, frequent diarrhea, fatigue and frequent colds, and some indicators found in routine physical examination reports and medical examinations deviate from normal values, but have not yet reached the disease state, such as high blood pressure, blood lipid, blood sugar and uric acid.

　　As far as patients are concerned, they have serious physiological dysfunction, and when they are in a state of disease, they should seek medical treatment and medication. However, the disordered function in many diseases is consistent with the function that health food can regulate, and health food can be used under the guidance of a doctor. If antibiotics are used, it is often easy to cause intestinal flora disorder and even antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Probiotics can be used to adjust or rebuild the balance of intestinal flora. Nowadays, many doctors will recommend the use of probiotic health foods for intestinal diseases or antibiotics. Of course, when taking antibiotics, probiotics should be eaten after 2 hours to prevent being killed by antibiotics. I would like to remind you once again that patients need to consult a doctor or related professionals when eating probiotic health foods.

　　Myth 2: Long-term consumption of probiotic health foods will lead to dependence.

　　Tell you for sure: no.

　　First, probiotics are not common bacteria in the whole life cycle of human body, "they will not stick to you and depend on you".

　　As we all know, during the fetal period, that is, when the fetus is still in the mother’s stomach, the intestinal tract of the fetus is sterile. After birth, the baby obtains all kinds of bacteria from the outside, including the mother’s birth canal, nipple, milk, and the surrounding environment of the body, and quickly stays in the intestinal tract and grows and reproduces, which constitutes the intestinal flora, which is very important for life activities. Apart from helping digestion, it is also conducive to enhancing immunity, preventing infection, promoting development, and so on. The composition of infant intestinal flora is related to many factors, including the mode of production (natural delivery, cesarean section), the mode of breastfeeding (breast milk, formula milk), the time and type of complementary food addition, etc. With the increase of age, changes in diet, environment and other factors, the intestinal flora has also changed.

　　In infancy, the proportion of beneficial bacteria in the intestine is high, such as Bifidobacterium. With the increase of age and non-dairy food, the types of intestinal flora are increasing, reaching hundreds, including beneficial bacteria, harmful bacteria and neutral bacteria (conditional pathogens).

　　Usually used as probiotics, some strains exist in the intestine at some time, and some are not intestinal bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum.

　　Second, the role of probiotics is to promote the balance of intestinal flora. After stopping eating probiotics, symptoms reappear, which does not mean that probiotics are dependent.

　　On the one hand, probiotics can produce beneficial metabolites, vitamins, etc., regulate the physiological function of the body, enhance immunity, etc., at the same time, it can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria (pH, bacteriocin, etc.) and adjust or rebuild the balance of intestinal flora; Another important aspect is to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as the production of butyric acid by probiotics, which can promote the growth of bifidobacteria in the intestine, repair digestive tract ulcers and become dominant bacteria in the intestine. These dominant bacteria, like probiotics, produce beneficial metabolites and inhibit harmful bacteria. This is the purpose of using probiotics, which I call "intestinal righting".

　　Some people found that the symptoms reappeared after stopping taking probiotics, which was thought to be due to the dependence on probiotics after long-term use. Actually, it’s not. It’s that your intestinal microecology has not been restored to balance, or the unfavorable factors to your intestines have not been eliminated.

　　There are many factors that are unfavorable to the intestinal tract, such as unrestrained entertainment (staying up late, playing cards, surfing the Internet), unreasonable diet (overeating, high-fat and high-sugar diet, excessive alcohol and tobacco, etc.), excessive stress (mental stress, irregular diet and rest), lack of exercise (sedentary), abrupt climate change (too fast alternating hot and cold), use of antibiotics, etc., all of which will destroy the intestinal microecological balance. As long as these factors are not eliminated, it is difficult to balance the intestinal flora. Therefore, it is also very important for the balance and health of intestinal flora to develop good living habits and laws, balance diet and combine work and rest.

　　Third, there has been no research report on correlation dependence in the past hundred years.

　　Intestine and its flora constitute an open microecosystem, and probiotics are a powerful assistant to maintain the stability of this system. Probiotics have been studied and applied for more than 100 years, but there is no report on the dependence caused by the loss of the reproductive ability of beneficial bacteria in the intestine due to long-term consumption of probiotic health foods.

　 　 　 CCTV News:After more than 90 years’ struggle in the Communist Party of China (CPC), especially 70 years’ exploration, practice and reform in New China, the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system has not only established "four pillars and eight pillars" such as fundamental system, basic system and important system, but also woven a strict "system network" through a series of specific systems, and has formed a scientific system with complete systems, scientific norms and effective operation, providing a strong institutional guarantee for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

　 　 　 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee defined the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system as a scientific system. What are the obvious advantages of this scientific system? Many experts expressed their views in the column "On Tao".

　 　 　 Moderator: We saw that this communique also summed up the remarkable advantages of the China system, which is called thirteen "persistences". Some people regard it as a manifestation of China’s confidence in the system. What do you think is the root cause of Professor Xin Ming’s confidence, and where did it come from?

　 　 　 Xin Ming: Why do you feel confident? Two o’clock. First, Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is rooted in China, belongs to China’s own system, grows in China’s own historical and cultural soil, and comes out in China’s own social and historical practice.

　 　 　 Second, this system has created remarkable practical and institutional effects. Attention, everyone, in the decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, we used a sentence called "creating a miracle of rapid economic development and long-term social stability that is rare in the world". The history of western development shows that when a country’s economy develops rapidly, its society tends to be more active, it is in a period of transition, it is more turbulent, and even prone to chaos. But when a society can maintain long-term stability, it will inevitably appear a stagnant pool or stagnate, so these are two opposing goals. However, China society has achieved both with the development of our system for 70 years, which is remarkable.

　 　 　 What is the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system? The leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Everyone knows that we want to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and build a socialist modern power in an all-round way, which has never been done before. How can we ensure that we always move forward in the right direction without deviating from the direction and looking back? There must be a helmsman, and this helmsman is the Communist Party of China (CPC). China society is such a big country, how can we really unify everyone, let everyone think in one place and work hard in one place, and rely on what? There must be a handsome man who is in the middle of the army. What is this handsome man? That is, the Communist Party of China (CPC) is our Party Central Committee. The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in China society will not be achieved easily by beating gongs and drums, but will encounter many contradictions, difficulties, challenges and risks. In fact, the simplest thing is to feel that the international community is actually putting a lot of pressure on us. What should we do if we don’t flinch, hesitate or hesitate in the face of pressure? To have a backbone, the Communist Party of China (CPC) is our backbone, so the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the biggest advantage of the system.

　 　 　 Pay attention to these 13 advantages and tell them in different categories, because it makes it clear that when we talk about the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, I hope that we can regard the 13 advantages as a whole, which is not a simple whole from 1+1+1+1+to 13. I hope that we can understand them as 1, 1, 1 and 1, and think about what these 13 1s are together, one, ten, hundred and thousand. The advantage of our Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is a trillion-dollar overall advantage. Only in this way can we achieve the two miracles that others can’t, and we can accomplish the tasks that others can’t. This is the advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is precisely because of this advantage that we are confident and qualified.

　 　 　 Long Yongtu: We usually talk a lot about these advantages, but the Fourth Plenary Session highlighted the most important advantage of the Party’s leadership. The other advantages were finally concentrated because of the advantage of the Party’s leadership. I think this is the greatest contribution of the Fourth Plenary Session, which makes us more clear about this article. If we recognize this article, I think we have found the most important point about the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session.

　 　 　 Xin Ming: There are fundamental systems, basic systems and important systems in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the past, the fundamental system was a fundamental political system, but the Fourth Plenary Session made it clear that the party’s leadership system is the fundamental leadership system of the country, that is, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership runs through the other 12 systems, and it is also the fundamental system of China’s social state leadership.

McKinsey’s report surveyed 2,395 corporate executives and described the current situation of corporate AI.

The conclusions of the report are divided into four aspects:

Firstly, an overview of the application of AI in enterprises is given. The report shows that at least half of the respondents have adopted AI, and its value in enterprises is that the increase in income is greater than the decrease in cost, but only 16% of the respondents have introduced deep learning.

Secondly, from the analysis of enterprise practice, why can some enterprises use AI to generate greater value? What are the characteristics of these enterprises? Practice is divided into six aspects: strategy; Talent and leadership; Methods; Tools and technologies; Data; AI deployment.

The third is to check the enterprise’s perception of AI risk, and find that most enterprises have no awareness of the possible risks of AI, and few enterprises manage the risks. Network security is still the only risk that most enterprises consider.

Fourth, the report found that the epidemic actually accelerated the application of AI by enterprises and the digital transformation process of enterprises.

Every year, McKinsey publishes a global survey of artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze the current situation of AI application in enterprises. This year’s survey was conducted from June 9 to June 19, 2020. McKinsey collected feedback from 2,395 participants from different regions, industries, company size, functional expertise and tenure.

Among them, 1,151 people said that their enterprises have adopted AI in at least one project and answered some questions about how to use AI. In order to adjust the difference of response rate, the data is weighted according to the contribution of each respondent country to global GDP.

The report shows that enterprises are increasingly using AI as a tool to create value, but this value is more reflected in increasing revenue than reducing costs. More than two-thirds of the respondents said that AI can increase revenue, mainly through functions such as inventory and parts optimization, pricing and promotion, customer service analysis, sales and demand forecasting. In addition, a small number of respondents from different industries attributed 20% or more of their organization’s earnings before interest and tax to AI.

In addition, the gap between companies that perform better in AI deployment and other companies is also widening. Better companies tend to have higher annual growth rate, better overall leadership and higher technical investment.

However, with the deepening of practice, the risks in AI application have gradually emerged, among which the most noteworthy risk is the lack of model interpretability. Although some enterprises have made some progress in reducing AI risks, most enterprises still have a long way to go.

The authors of the report include: Tara Balakrishnan, consultant of McKinsey Silicon Valley Office; Michael Chui, Partner of the San Francisco Office of McKinsey Global Institute; Bryce Hall, Deputy Partner of Washington DC Office; And Nicolaus Henke, a senior partner in the London office.

one

Overview of AI deployment:

Only 16% of enterprises introduce deep learning.

In terms of the adoption of AI, the McKinsey report shows that half of the respondents have used AI in at least one business. Last year, the acceptance of AI in different regions was roughly the same. This year, the acceptance of companies in Latin America and other developing countries was much smaller than that in other regions. The high-tech and telecommunications industries once again became the industries most willing to adopt AI, followed by automobiles and manufacturing.

From the internal business line of the company, the following figure shows the AI utilization rate of each department (unit:%):

As shown in the figure, the AI utilization rate of product and service development, service operation and marketing remains high, among which product and service development is the department that uses AI the most, and the AI utilization rate of new product development based on artificial intelligence is 24%, and product function optimization is 21%.

In terms of the impact of AI, more than two-thirds of the respondents said that using AI can bring revenue growth through functions such as inventory and parts optimization, pricing and promotion, customer service analysis, sales and demand; More than half of the enterprises said that they can use AI to reduce costs, mainly in talent management, customer service center automation, warehouse automation and so on.

In addition, the survey results show that some companies using AI are seeing value added at the enterprise level. 22% of the respondents said that in 2019, more than 5% of the earnings before interest and tax in their organizations were attributed to the use of artificial intelligence, and 48% of the respondents said that the proportion was less than 5%.

It is worth noting that most companies use AI to increase their income, but the cost reduction is not common. The following figure shows the revenue growth brought by enterprises using AI in 2018 and 2019 (unit:%):

As shown in the figure, among the three departments of marketing, strategy and corporate finance, and supply chain management, AI has the greatest impact on revenue.

This year, McKinsey asked about the use of deep learning for the first time, and found that only 16% of the respondents said that they had introduced deep learning into the pilot stage, mainly in the high-tech and telecommunications industries. In these two industries, 30% of the respondents said that they had embedded deep learning capabilities.

Michael Chui, a partner of McKinsey Global Institute, commented on the above information, "The method of using income to measure where AI can bring value to enterprises still applies. We will see more and more companies using AI to increase revenue rather than reduce costs-not because AI can’t reduce costs. "

two

How can enterprises get more value from AI?

In the practice of AI deployment, there are always some companies that have better effects than others, and the report calls them "high-performance companies".

So what are the advantages of companies that see the greatest value from the use of AI (think that 20% or more of earnings before interest and tax within the enterprise in 2019 can be attributed to the use of AI) compared with other companies? The report lists the following points:

Higher annual growth rate: The research results show that the companies that get more earnings before interest and tax contribution from AI have better annual growth rate than other companies. Respondents of high-performance companies are almost twice as likely as others to report a 10% or more increase in EBIT in 2019.

Better overall leadership: These companies have more efficient top management and are more likely to have an active and capable leader.

Higher investment in technology: Compared with their peers, they have invested more in AI and are more likely to increase their investment in AI in the next three years. Moreover, compared with buying third-party solutions, high-performance companies often have the ability to develop their own AI solutions and hire more relevant talents. And has established a standardized end-to-end platform for AI-related data science, data engineering and application development.

At the same time, McKinsey also focused on the practice of enterprises deploying AI this year to judge which practices can make enterprises get more value from AI. The number of enterprises concerned this year is about twice that of the past.

These practices are usually divided into six categories: strategy; Talent and leadership; Methods; Tools and technologies; Data; AI deployment.

As can be seen from the following table, taking "strategy" as an example, there are still some differences between high-performance enterprises and other enterprises. For example, in the evaluation standard that "the whole organization consistently adheres to the implementation process and is regarded as the key to obtaining value from artificial intelligence", the success rate of high-performance enterprises is 55%, while that of other enterprises is 29%.

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"We found that companies with better performance often develop or deeply customize their artificial intelligence capabilities from within. Many executives now realize that AI usually works closely with business teams to meet real business needs and realize real value creation. Because, we see more and more enterprises training AI talents internally and launching training programs to improve the overall ability of the organization. " Bryce Hall, co-partner of McKinsey, commented on this.

Company executives who have made progress in the application of artificial intelligence also said in an interview with McKinsey that many leading practices are very important.

The head of analysis and insight of a global pharmaceutical company said, "We are investing heavily in talent training. If you have thousands of employees, you must consider how to make the whole workforce move forward. Investment has two directions: first, cooperate with a leading technology company to improve the data and artificial intelligence skills of employees; Second, a special course to improve the skills of senior managers and their understanding of artificial intelligence. "

three

Neglected AI risk perception

With the deepening of practice, the risks of AI have gradually emerged. However, the survey results show that only a few companies recognize the risks of AI, and fewer companies want to reduce the risks.

In terms of risk perception, most enterprises believe that network security, legal provisions and mode interpretability are AI-related risks, among which national security and personal safety have received more attention.

As the figure shows, network security is still the only risk that most interviewees consider relevant.

The situation of risk management is similar, but it is worth noting that more and more enterprises are beginning to realize and solve the problem of "model interpretability".

Roger Burkhardt, a partner in new york, said, "Due to the lack of interpretability, that is, people’s understanding of risks has improved.

Health care and financial services industries have the highest risk awareness due to stricter supervision, in addition, high-tech, commercial, legal and professional services industries are also in the leading position in risk awareness.

But overall, the results are still worrying. Although some risks, such as personal safety, are only applicable to specific industries, it is difficult to understand why many common risks have not been recognized by more respondents.

For example, fairness should be one of the concerns of any enterprise in any industry. What is particularly surprising is that people are concerned about racial prejudice and other discriminatory treatments (such as age discrimination in job advertisements on social media), but they have not paid attention to and alleviated the prejudice that AI may produce. "

Lack of model interpretability is a risk in almost every industry, especially in the fields of health care and finance. However, in addition to its own risks, interpretability may also bring another risk: lack of AI applications, leading to wasted investment and falling behind competitors. "

Some enterprises have also made targeted measures. In an interview with McKinsey, the director of artificial intelligence transformation of a global material manufacturer pointed out that it is almost impossible for front-line workers to adopt AI without an interpretable model. Workers need to be able to trust AI’s judgment, not only to take the most effective action, but also for their personal safety.

When AI suggests running a potentially dangerous heavy equipment in some way, the staff need to be sure that the reasons behind the decision are reliable and safe. This material manufacturer uses the simplest and most transparent model to realize interpretability, which to a great extent makes workers confident in using new artificial intelligence applications.

The company also improved its operation through AI and analysis measures, which increased its profit before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization by 15%.

four

Epidemic situation accelerates AI application

Although epidemic prevention measures have brought economic challenges to many companies, those companies that can see the greatest value of AI are still increasing their technical investment. According to the report, most respondents from high-performance companies said that their investment in AI has increased, mainly in the automobile, assembly, health care services, pharmaceuticals and medical products industries.

As shown in the figure, during the epidemic, most outstanding companies increased their investment in AI, but the changes in different industries were different.

However, the more AI technology is deployed, the more you can feel its risks. Many high-performance companies say that their AI models are particularly fragile in marketing, sales, product development and service operation.

As shown in the figure, since the epidemic, the deployment of AI model in marketing and sales business has not performed well.

There are also some companies that have used AI to find new growth points under the pressure of the epidemic. As Nicolaus Henke, senior partner of McKinsey, said, "The epidemic has rapidly shifted consumers and businesses to digital channels. During the epidemic, enterprises in various industries expanded artificial intelligence much faster than expected. Many enterprises cooperate with their analysis teams to update demand patterns, reconsider supply chains, build scenario plans around resource requirements, and realize automation in factories and other industrial environments.

For example, a global pharmaceutical company linked multiple epidemic scenarios, established a view of product supply and demand by country, and integrated it into its regular financial and operational planning process. In some cases, the short-term analysis solutions of enterprises are not very accurate, but executives realize that these solutions are’ good enough’ compared with other methods.

Many enterprises have turned to longer-term opportunities. For example, with more and more data from digital channels, AI-based system recommendation can provide better customer experience, more personalized content and automated digital customer service.

Therefore, it is not surprising that the epidemic has prompted people to increase their investment in AI. However, companies that do not perform well in the AI field obviously do not invest so much money, and there is a risk of further falling behind the leaders. "

This survey also found many companies that invested in AI in the epidemic. For example, the epidemic has accelerated the integration of online and offline service data of banks. Based on these data, a global bank launched an intelligent chat robot to provide customers with contactless and more targeted services.

"The epidemic has become an accelerator and catalyst for AI application and digital transformation. For those enterprises that have deployed AI in advance, the epidemic can promote the faster, more accurate and more reliable landing of AI projects. In the future, enterprises will become more and more dependent on the capabilities brought by AI." An analyst of a large pharmaceutical company said in an interview with McKinsey.

Reference link:

https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-analytics/our-insights/global-survey-the-state-of-ai-in-2020

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Original title: "The latest survey of McKinsey enterprise AI status: only 16% introduced deep learning; Most of them have no awareness of AI risks. "

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The body size of Weilai ET7 is 5101*1987*1509mm, the wheelbase is 3060mm, the front tread is 1668mm and the rear tread is 1672 mm.. Its sideways lines are smooth, and the body design is simple and modern. Both the front tyre size and the rear tyre size are 245/45 R20, which, together with the unique rim design, adds a touch of sportiness to the whole vehicle.

The interior design of Weilai ET7 shows the perfect integration of luxury and technology. The spacious interior space is made of exquisite leather and genuine leather, which brings comfort and distinguished experience to drivers and passengers. The steering wheel has the function of electric up-and-down and front-and-back adjustment, providing the driver with the best grip and convenient operation. The 12.8-inch large touch screen on the center console integrates advanced multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning control functions, and supports voice recognition, which is convenient and fast. The seat is made of leather, which provides the heating, ventilation and massage functions of the front seat, and also has electric adjustment, memory and waist support, so that long-distance driving can easily enjoy comfort. In addition, the front and rear rows are equipped with multiple USB and Type-C interfaces and wireless charging function to ensure that all passengers can charge at any time and enjoy a convenient digital life.

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Written by | Yan Yue (Ph.D., Chinese University of Hong Kong)

Physicist Dennis Gabor was arrested for inventingHolographyHe was awarded the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics.Holography is a technology that can record the wavefront (including its amplitude and phase) and reconstruct it. It mainly uses the diffraction of light to produce virtual three-dimensional images.

Pioneers have long predicted that holography is the ultimate way to achieve perfect 3D display, because holography is the only way to meet the optical requirements of human visual system. For many years, researchers have been working hard to achieve this goal.

Recently, fromUniversity of Arizona School of Optical Sciences, USAofPierre-Alexandre BlancheProfessor in the latest issue ofLight: Advanced ManufacturingPublish an article entitled ""Holography, and the future of 3D display"ofSummary article.

First of all, it explains why it is an arduous challenge to realize holographic 3D display at present.

Then, starting from the human visual system, the mainstream 3D display technology and its characteristics are introduced.

Then, focusing on holographic 3D display, the new progress of real-time holographic computing using machine learning and neural network algorithm is summarized.

Then, the holographic data transmission model and data compression algorithm are discussed.

Finally, the hardware generation method of holographic data and its progress are introduced.

1. Why is holographic 3D display a formidable challenge?

In order to describe the difficulty of holographic 3D display intuitively, the author usesData transmission rate (bit rate, b/s)As a measure.

Assuming that a holographic color display with 45 visual field, 60Hz refresh rate, 8-bit resolution and screen size of 50cm×50cm is realized, the required bit rate is about 3× 10b/s when the light source is 500nm.

Figure 1 shows the comparison of data rates (in chronological order of development) required by holography and other communication technologies.

The rocker signal in 1798 can transmit about 2~3 symbols per minute, about 0.4 bit/s.

In the 1840s, telegrams transmitted in Morse code became popular, about 100 b/s.

In 1876, the appearance of telephone began to transmit sound signals, and the transmission rate was 64 KB/s.

Black-and-white TV, which appeared in the 1940s, can display 29.97 frames /s video with a transmission rate of 26 MB/s..

The transmission rate of color TV, which appeared in 1950s, has tripled to 78mb/s..

Digital video began to appear in 1990s, and the required rate of HDTV 720p reached 1.33 GB/s..

In the 2010s, the transmission rate of 4K HDTV 2160p was 12.7 GB/s..

The latest 8K HD requires 47.8Gb/s transmission. (Note: the above required transmission rate is the amount of data before compression) And the bit rate of holographic 3D color display is 60,000 times that of 8K HD, so the difficulty of realizing holographic 3D display is obvious.

Figure 1: The Road to Holography: Over time, the bit rate required by different communication systems.

According to the prediction of the development time axis in Figure 1, it will be about to realize the commercial holographic 3D display.In 2100.

The development trajectory may not be unchangeable, and all this depends on the continuous efforts of human beings. Although it is very difficult to realize, holography is still considered as the ultimate technology to realize 3D display. This is because holography is the only method that can meet the optical requirements of human visual system at present.

Second, human vision and 3D display

Understanding how the human visual system perceives 3D information is very important for developing 3D display.

The human visual system perceives depth from a large number of information obtained from the outside, and most of the important depth perception elements are two-dimensional information, includingShading+shadowing, perspective, relative size, occlusion and ambiguity..

Figure 2 below shows three balls on a two-dimensional plane, but it contains the two-dimensional depth perception elements listed above. After these two-dimensional depth perception elements pass through the human visual system, we will think that they are balls in three-dimensional space. Therefore, whether it is painting, photo or image, as long as the above two-dimensional depth perception elements are implanted, our human eyes will have a three-dimensional perception effect, otherwise the optical image illusion will occur. Therefore, the 3D display system needs to ensure the above two-dimensional depth perception factors first, and then add and solve other three-dimensional perception factors, such as stereoscopic parallax, motion inspection and visual convergence conflict (VAC) and so on.

Figure 2: Two-dimensional depth perception elements and their influence on depth perception

Based on the above information, the author discusses several main 3D display technologies and their characteristics:

1. Based on Stereo disparity:It is common in 3D cinemas now, and needs to wear 3D glasses, and there is a VAC.

2. Autostereoscopy 3D display:Commonly used lens array to realize three-dimensional imaging of light field; Users need to be fixed in a specific location, and there is a VAC.

3. Based on Motion Parallax (Multiview):It is equivalent to the user’s movable naked-eye 3D, with VAC, and the required bit rate is low, about 10 GB/s, which is also the focus of current research.

4. volumetric displays:Light is emitted, scattered and illuminated through a predefined three-dimensional space to display a three-dimensional image. Images are suspended in the air, giving people a great visual impact. However, there is occlusion problem and the imaging volume is limited.

These 3D display technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages and their applicable application scenarios, and many of them are limited by the human visual system and cannot be solved. However, these technologies will continue to move forward in the direction of more comfortable and better display effect for users before the final holography matures.

Third, holographic 3D display

Holography has been proved to be the only 3D display technology that can meet all the requirements of human visual system. But its challenge is enormous, mainly from three aspects:

1. Holographic 3D information computation.

The appearance of Computed Generated Holograms, CGH) has greatly promoted the development of holographic computing. The arbitrary image generate by that phase plate at a specific diffraction distance is calculated by use Kirchhoff and Feinier diffraction theory. But 10¹⁵The data bit rate requirement of b/s level (720p video) makes the calculation huge and time-consuming. This requires a more concise holographic computing algorithm, and the corresponding specific hardware platform for holographic computing is also very necessary.

2. Holographic information transmission (transmission)

Because of the huge data transmission demand, it is very important to establish an effective data transmission network model and a distortion-free diffraction data compression algorithm.

3. Holographic information alternation generation (reproduction)

In order to generate high-quality holographic graphics, taking the bit rate of 3× 10b/s as an example, it takes about 230,000 4K spatial light modulators (SLM) and 15,000 computers to process the corresponding data. These absurd numbers once again show the difficulty of realizing holographic 3D display. Holographic data generation devices and methods can generally be divided into the following categories:

I. liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS SLM):The resolution is high, but the refresh rate of liquid crystal is low.

Ii. microelectromechanical systems (MEMS):Fast refresh rate and high integration, but the current device efficiency is low. Texas Instruments is in the leading position, and its next-generation high-efficiency phase modulator is also being developed.

Iii. developing holographic materials that can be refreshed in real time;Such as photorefractive polymers and acousto-optic materials.

Iv. phase array photonic integrated chip:Micro-nano scale phase array is composed of a series of optical waveguides and realizes large-scale integration of wafer size. As shown in fig. 3, these phase arrays change their phases through on-chip acousto-optic or thermo-optic modulators, and are coupled out by gratings. Its advantages are high speed, easy phase control and large-scale integration on chip. The disadvantage is that the phase resolution is low, which leads to a large diffraction sidelobe.

Figure 3: Large Scale Integrated Phase Array

At present, no technology can meet the requirements of high resolution, high data generation and high integration at the same time.

Holography is still considered as the final technology to realize ideal 3D display. Although there is no mature and perfect solution at present, it cannot hide the great contribution people have made to it. Scientists are turning this technology into reality as never before.

Thesis information

Blanche. Light: Advanced Manufacturing (2021)2:28

https://doi.org/10.37188/lam.2021.028

Reprinted | Advanced Manufacturing WeChat official account

Editor of this article | Zhao Yang

Welcome the submission of the research group-press release

Reprinted/cooperated/contributed by the research group, WeChat:447882024

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