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　　Recently, according to the China Youth Daily, "Ginger Soaks Foot" and "Drinking Tea for Beauty" … … With the increasing pressure of life, not only the post-90s generation who entered the workplace, but also many college students have begun to try various methods of health preservation. Health preservation is no longer the exclusive word of the elderly or middle-aged people, and the young campus groups represented by college students are constantly adjusting their lifestyles and advocating a healthier life and rest. Why are this wave of college students "trapped in health care" and "selling the old"? Many college students said that this is a way of "self-mockery" to fight anxiety and pressure.

　　In many people’s cognition, college students are relaxed and chic, and can have fun relatively freely. But in fact, many college students are very bitter and tired now. It is not unusual to do homework, research and activities in class until early morning or even later.

　　Under such a realistic background, it is not difficult to understand that many college students are "trapped in health preservation". Recently, a "2018 Life Consumption Trend Report" shows that based on the search volume of "Lycium barbarum" on the e-commerce platform of all ages, the proportion of search volume after 1995 increased significantly in September 2017. Honey, Lycium barbarum, whey protein, health tea and enzymes are the health foods that are keen on after 1995.

　　When I was in college, I was also a "busy maniac". I was really working hard. My meals and sleep were irregular, and I also had a tendency to overeat. At that time, I thought I was still young, so I indulged myself too much and was indifferent to some early warning signals of my body. But now, nearly a year after graduation, all kinds of physical and mental discomforts have emerged, and I realize that "karma" has come and I want to "pay my debts". Therefore, now I will also force myself to keep fit, such as drinking more hot water, going to massage, eating more healthy food and running to and from work.

　　The meaning of life is not temporary, but long-term. To quote a very fashionable online buzzword recently, "People who work too hard can’t run far". Who doesn’t want to "run away" on the road of life? So, please do it and cherish it.

　　Of course, it is not enough to rely solely on the self-awakening of young people, but also to exert efforts at the social level. To put it bluntly, in addition to focusing on the "burden reduction" of primary and secondary school students, the social level should also focus on the "burden reduction" of young people represented by college students. There is no denying that the latter should be under pressure and responsible, and strive hard to realize their own value and social value, but all this should not be at the expense of health. It should be a social consensus that only a good body and a healthy lifestyle can create more shocking values.

　　Mocheng

Investigation report on "4 12" major road traffic accident in Lianyungang section of Lianhuo Expressway　

2018 April 12, 2008 A major road traffic accident occurred in Lianyungang section of Lianhuo Expressway, Jiangsu Province, causing 8 deaths, 1 serious injury and 36 minor injuries, and the direct economic loss was about 7.42 million yuan.

After the accident, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to it, and Comrade members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and Liu He, Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China made important instructions. Li Wei, Vice Minister of Public Security, instructed to find out the reasons and cooperate with the aftermath. Fei Gaoyun, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, secretary of the Political and Legal Committee, vice governor, Liu Yang, vice governor and director of the Public Security Department, and leaders of Lianyungang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government respectively gave instructions, demanding that all efforts be made to rescue the wounded, thoroughly investigate the cause of the accident and do a good job in the aftermath.

According to the Law on Safety in Production, the Law on Road Traffic Safety and the Regulations on Reporting, Investigation and Handling of Production Safety Accidents (Order No.493 of the State Council) and other laws and regulations, Lianyungang Municipal People’s Government has established the Lianyungang Section of Lianhuo Expressway "4", which is led by the Municipal Public Security Bureau and attended by the Municipal Transportation Bureau, the Safety Supervision Bureau and the Federation of Trade Unions.·12 "A large road traffic accident investigation team (hereinafter referred to as the accident investigation team) carried out accident investigation, and the accident investigation team also invited the Municipal Supervision Committee to participate.

According to the principles of "four no-misses" and "scientific rigor, compliance with laws and regulations, seeking truth from facts and paying attention to practical results", the accident investigation team found out the process, causes, casualties and direct economic losses of the accident through on-site inspection, investigation and evidence collection, identified the nature and responsibility of the accident, put forward suggestions on handling the responsible personnel and units, and put forward accident prevention and prevention according to the causes and outstanding problems exposed. The relevant situation is now reported as follows:

One,Basic situation

(a) the accident vehicle situation

1.Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus: the model of this car is Jinlong brand XMQ6129FYD 3A, Xiamen Jinlong United Automobile Industry Co., Ltd., the vehicle factory date is October 11, 2012, the vehicle identification code is LA 6A 1LAP7CB400117, and the engine number is 1412G02096. It belongs to the vehicle type published in the Announcement of Vehicle Manufacturers and Products announced by the National Development and Reform Commission, and the vehicle type announcement number is 20110310000740. The first registration date of this vehicle is October 26th, 2012. The registration authority is the Traffic Police Detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, Henan Province. The vehicle registration owner is Henan Centrino Automobile Travel Service Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Centrino Company), with 57 passengers on board, and the use nature is tourist passenger transport. The inspection is valid until April 30, 2018, and the motor vehicle status: normal. 63 historical violations have been dealt with. Insurance situation: Sunshine Insurance Company has insured compulsory insurance, car damage insurance, spontaneous combustion insurance, glass insurance, three liability insurance (2 million), passenger liability insurance on board (56 million per accident), and passenger liability insurance on board (1 million).

The actual owners of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus are Cui Ying (male, 54 years old, ID number: 34212419640117511, No.15 Cuilou Natural Village, Sanli Administrative Village, Xiyang Town, Guoyang County, Anhui Province) and Zhang Huilei (male, 34 years old, ID number: 341223198408190516, Chengxi Town, Guoyang County, Anhui Province). After buying a car, it signed an operation contract with Centrino Company on October 22, 2012. The vehicle was registered under the name of Centrino Company, and Centrino Company handled the operation procedures and unified management, and collected management fees every month. Later, Zhang Huilei privately sold part of his shares in the car to Ding Peifeng, liuyong and Liu Xicheng. On August 6, 2015, Cui Ying and Zhang Huilei signed a joint venture agreement with Huangyan Luqiao Liushi Team (hereinafter referred to as the Team, which is described in detail below). After the agreement is signed, the original owner will no longer participate in the vehicle operation. On May 1, 2016, Feng Yong (male, ID number: 341224197406029878, 132-9-23 Mengfu Road, Chengguan Town, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province) signed a contract agreement with the motorcade. At the time of the incident, the actual control operator of Yu AE4555 bus was Feng Yong.　

On October 26th, 2012, the vehicle was evaluated in terms of vehicle technical grade, with the type grade being large and the technical grade being first grade. Meet the standards for operating inter-provincial and inter-city non-fixed-line tourist passenger transport. On November 5, 2012, the vehicle handled the Business License of Henan Province Road Non-alignment Tourist Passenger Transport Area, with the license number: Yu Tourist Passenger Transport Xuzi 0011250; On November 30, 2012, the vehicle was issued with a Road Transport Certificate, the number of which was Zheng Zi 410101029623. Business scope: inter-provincial chartered passenger transport, inter-city chartered passenger transport, inter-county chartered passenger transport and intra-county chartered passenger transport.

After verification, the registration, inspection and insurance of the vehicle meet the requirements; The road transport license is legal and valid.

2.Su G391E8 minibus: The model of this car is Honda DHW6483T5ASE, the date of production is December 8, 2017, the vehicle identification code is LVHTG5834J5010239, and the engine number is 1028307. The vehicle model published in the Announcement of Vehicle Manufacturers and Products announced by the National Development and Reform Commission was first registered on January 10, 2018. The registration authority was the Traffic Police Detachment of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau, Jiangsu Province. The registered owner was Chen Haoran, and the use nature was non-operating, with 5 people on board. The inspection is valid until January 31, 2020, and the motor vehicle status is illegal and unprocessed (there are two illegal records, 1 case has been processed and the other case has not been processed). Insurance situation: People’s Property Insurance Company covers compulsory insurance and three liability insurance (1 million), and the liability insurance for personnel on board is limited to 10,000 (5 persons) per seat.

　After verification, the registration, inspection and insurance of the vehicle meet the requirements.

(two) the driver of the accident vehicle

1.The driver of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus: Shao Dandan, male, 33 years old, born on June 1, 1985, ID number: 341223198506010734, household registration address: No.66, Huang Zhuang Natural Village, Huang Zhuang Administrative Village, Chengdong Street, Guoyang County, Anhui Province, driver’s license number: 341223198506010734, file number: 344. The issuing authority is the Traffic Police Detachment of Bozhou Public Security Bureau, Anhui Province. On November 15th, 2004, it applied for E-license for the first time. On June 7th, 2007, it added the quasi-driving model to B2E, and on May 20th, 2014, it added the quasi-driving model to A1E. The verification is valid until November 15, 2020. The driver’s license is in normal condition, and there are 13 historical illegal records, all of which have been processed.

Shao Dandan’s qualification category is road passenger and general cargo transport driver, with the qualification certificate number of 3416010030013013181, the initial issuance date: June 22, 2007, the issuance date after renewal: April 13, 2013, and the validity period: April 13, 2019.　

After verification, the driver Shao Dandan’s driver’s license application and verification is legal and valid; The road transport qualification certificate is legal and valid. Suffered minor injuries in the accident.

2.Driver of Su G391E8 minibus: Chen Haoran, male, 30 years old, driver’s license number: 32070319880226201X, born on February 26, 1988, Liandao Town, Lianyun District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, quasi-driving model: C1, issuing authority, traffic police detachment of Lianyungang City Public Security Bureau, Jiangsu Province, and the date of first obtaining the license: March 12, 2010. The validity period of verification is March 12, 2026, and the driver’s license is normal.

After verification, the application and verification of driver Chen Haoran’s driver’s license are legal and valid. Be injured in this accident.　

(3) Accident road conditions　　

The incident road section is located at K61+250-300 of Lianhuo Expressway (No.G30). In 1998, Lianxu Expressway was established by the State Planning Commission in document No.327 [1998] and approved by document No.1603 [1998]. The Ministry of Communications approved the preliminary design in document No.640 [1998] and the State Planning Commission in document No.1636 [1998]. Lianxu Expressway is a section in Jiangsu Province, which is the national trunk line from Lianyungang to Horgos (G30). It starts from Dagang Road in Lianyungang and ends at the junction of Jiangsu and Anhui in Xuzhou City, with a total length of 236.784km and a design speed of 120 km/h. The design load of bridges and culverts is standard car-super 20 and trailer-120, and the subgrade is 28.0m wide, with four lanes in both directions, and the whole interchange is fully enclosed. The road design unit of the incident section is the First Highway Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Communications, the design unit of traffic safety facilities is Xi ‘an Highway Research Institute, the construction unit of traffic safety facilities is Nanjing Highway Protection Facilities Engineering Company, the supervision unit is Jiangsu Weixin Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., and the construction unit is Jiangsu Expressway Construction Headquarters. The incident road section is located at K61+250-300, which started construction at the end of 1998 and was completed in October 2001. On November 18-19, 2001, Jiangsu Provincial Communications Department and Jiangsu Provincial Expressway Command organized the handover acceptance, and the project quality grade was excellent. After acceptance, it was delivered to Jiangsu Lianxu Expressway Co., Ltd. for operation.It passed the completion acceptance in November 2003. Since the operation of Lianxu Expressway, Jiangsu Lianxu Expressway Co., Ltd. has invested sufficient maintenance funds every year in accordance with the maintenance technical specifications and related systems, actively adopted advanced technology to carry out preventive and periodic maintenance of roads, and maintained the MQI value of highways at an excellent level all the year round.

The plane alignment of the incident road section is designed as a straight line, with longitudinal slope of 0.8% (uphill), transverse slope of 2%, asphalt concrete pavement, The pavement cross-section layout is: 0.75m (marginal strip)+3.5m (emergency lane)+3.75m (second lane)+3.75m (first lane)+0.75m (median)+3.5m (median)+0.75m (first lane). M (emergency lane)+0.75m (marginal strip), with a total subgrade width of 28m. There are white single solid lines at the emergency lane and the median, and white dotted lines between the first lane and the second lane. Corrugated beam guardrails are set on both sides of the median, and Chinese juniper is planted in the middle. The guardrail in the incident section was built during the construction period, and the construction time was May 2001. According to the recent inspection report on the pavement technical condition of Lianxu Expressway, the pavement performance index (PQI) of this section is maintained at an excellent level.

After verification, the technical indicators of the incident road section meet the requirements of relevant standards and specifications; There have been no road traffic accidents in this section in the past three years, and no safety hazards have been found on this road.

(4) Weather conditions at the time of the incident

When the accident happened, the weather at the scene was light rain. According to the meteorological certificate of Lianyungang Meteorological Bureau, from 15: 00 to 17: 00 on April 12, the maximum wind speed was 3.4 m/s, and the occurrence time was 16: 00; The rainfall from 15: 00 to 17: 00 is 6.5 mm, of which the rainfall from 15: 00 to 16: 00 is 3.5 mm and the rainfall from 16: 00 to 17: 00 is 3.0 mm..　

Upon verification, the road surface was wet, and there was no water, no fog and no obstructions that affected the line of sight.　

(five) the accident related units.

　1.Centrino company. The company was established on February 6, 2007, with the industrial and commercial registration number of 410105100081185, the enterprise credit code of 91410103799151706P, the company type is a limited liability company (invested or controlled by natural persons), the registration authority is Zhengzhou Erqi District Administration for Industry and Commerce and Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, and the enterprise address is Room 1401, 14th floor, Block B, olive city Metropolitan Plaza, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City. Legal representative: Zhang Jing (female, ID number: 410103198301227004, No.29, Building 3, Yard 6, Min ‘an Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City), business scope: chartered passenger transport, tourist passenger information consultation, car rental, business period: February 6, 2007 to February 5, 2022. In June 2011, Feng Xianfeng (female, ID number: 410103195910231021, domicile: Room 189, 20th floor, Unit 2, Building 1, Fu Garden Community, University South Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, and current address: Room 102, Unit 2, Building 7, No.158, Southeast Road, Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City) and Zheng Yueming (male, ID number: 4123231966. Domicile: No.29, Building 3, Courtyard 6, Min ‘an Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, and current address: Donghu, Floor 6, Unit 2, Building 4, No.158, Chengdong South Road, Guanchenghui District, Zhengzhou City) each invested 500,000 yuan to acquire all the shares of the company, and the legal representative is Feng Xianfeng (Feng Xianfeng and Zheng Yueming are half-sisters).At the beginning of 2016, the legal representative was changed to his daughter Zhang Jing, and Zheng Yueming was the leader and general manager of the safety production leading group of Centrino Company, who was fully responsible for the daily management and operation of the company.

2.Anhui Mengcheng "Luqiao Huangyan Liushi motorcade". According to verification, the motorcade was not registered in the industrial and commercial department. In 2014, it was composed of the vehicle operators of Luyi (Zhoukou, Henan)-Luqiao (Taizhou, Zhejiang)-Liushi (Yueqing, Zhejiang)-Fuding (Ningde, Fujian) line and Guoyang (Bozhou, Anhui)-Huangyan (Taizhou, Zhejiang)-Shishi (Quanzhou, Fujian) line through consultation, and Wang Bo (male, ID number: 3416222) who operated vehicles on both lines was selected. The office is located in Mengcheng County, Anhui Province. There are 25 buses in the convoy, including 7 buses, including Anhui S59743 (blue brand), Anhui SWW101 (blue brand), Anhui SM9101 (blue brand), Shanghai C40608 (yellow card), Shanghai C41345 (yellow card), Zhejiang J3702H (blue brand) and Zhejiang JH739Y (blue brand). The remaining 18 buses are large buses, which are registered for road passenger transport and tourist passenger transport. See the table below for relevant information:

2016 May 1, 2008 Feng Yong signed a contract agreement with the motorcade, and the motorcade handed over 25 buses, including accident cars, to Feng Yong for operation at a price of 6.6 million yuan per year. The contract period was from May 1, 2016 to April 30, 2019. At the time of the incident, the actual control operator of Yu AE4555 bus was Feng Yong, and Feng Yong hired Fu Dayong (male, ID number: 341224197512033010, No.93-1, Zhongxin Street, Shuangjian Town, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province), one of the shareholders, Feng Li (male, ID number: 34122319740501116), to be in charge of vehicle and driver scheduling.

Second,The accident process and emergency treatment.

(1) The course of the accident

2018 April 10, 2008 fiveAt about 30: 00, Shao Dandan got the passenger car license plate numbered "Yuyunbaozi 0265873" from the office of Feng Yong, and the destination was "Zhengzhou-Liushi" passing through Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Rizhao, Weifang, Guoyang, Mengcheng and other places (afterwards, it was found that the license plate of the passenger car was forged, which was purchased by Feng Li through the social "scalper" Li Dengchao in Guoyang County, Anhui Province with 50 yuan money, after the incident. Drive Yu AE4555 bus to meet people at Mengdie Square in Mengcheng County, Anhui Province, and prepare to visit Shandong Shenghong Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shenghong Company) in Weifang, Shandong Province.

sevenAt about 30: 00, Shao Dandan drove Yu AE4555 bus (with 57 passengers on board) and a group of 45 people including Zhang Kun (male, ID number: 341224197811056896, No.72, lingshan village Zhangzhuang, Xiaojian Town, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province, franchisee and salesman of Shenghong Company Anhui Branch, operating Xiaojian Town Pharmacy in Mengcheng County), and left for Mengdie Square. At about 16: 30 on the same day, I arrived at Shenghong Medical Company and stopped for about 1 hour. Then I drove to Super Eight Hotel on Shengli Road to check in. After that, I drove to a restaurant 2 kilometers away and parked my car in the hotel parking lot.

four November 11 th sevenAt about 10: 00, Shao Dandan took a taxi to the hotel parking lot, drove to the hotel to take 45 people from Zhang Kun and his party to visit Shenghong Company, and returned to the restaurant for dinner before 14: 00, and then drove the passengers to the hotel for rest. At about 18 o’clock, I drove the passengers to the hotel for dinner. After that, I sent the passengers back to the hotel to stay, and then I sent the car to the hotel parking lot.

four December 12 sevenAt about 10: 00, Shao Dandan drove to pick up passengers, entered Qingyin Expressway from Weifang West, passed G15 Shenhai Expressway, and arrived at Lianyungang Liandao Scenic Area at about 13: 00. During the period, Shao Dandan ate instant noodles on the bus. At 14: 30, he drove the bus from Liandao, then drove into G30 Lianhuo Expressway, rested in Jinping Mountain Service Area, and the passengers ate for about 20 minutes. At 15: 30, he started from the service area and drove from east to west along Lianhuo Expressway to Xuzhou. At 15: 50, he arrived at K61+250-300. Shao Dandan drove Yu AE4555 Jinlong bus through the central guardrail and collided with Su G391E8 Honda minibus (with 4 passengers) driven by Chen Haoran, Liandao Town, Lianyun District, Lianyungang City from west to east, resulting in 8 deaths (6 of them died on the way to the hospital, 2 died after being rescued on the same day and the next day respectively), 1 serious injury and 36 minor injuries.

(2) Emergency handling situation

1.Alarm and response

2018 April 12, 2008 16At 10: 00, the 110 Command Center of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau received an alarm that a bus collided with an off-road vehicle after crossing the central guardrail at 61 km+300 meters from west to east of Lianxu Expressway. After receiving the report, the 110 Command Center quickly assigned the Fourth High-speed Brigade of the Traffic Police Detachment of the Municipal Public Security Bureau and the Traffic Police Brigade of Donghai County Public Security Bureau to rush to the scene for disposal, and informed the fire and 120 emergency departments to rush to the scene to participate in the rescue. At about 16: 20, the traffic police brigade of Donghai County Public Security Bureau and the high-speed four brigades of the traffic police detachment arrived at the scene of the accident, carried out rescue and disposal work and immediately reported to their superiors.

The Party committees and governments of Lianyungang City and Donghai County immediately launched emergency response, and quickly organized relevant personnel from public security, fire protection, safety supervision, transportation, medical care and other departments to rush to the scene to carry out on-site rescue and after-care work in time. The heads of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Safety Supervision Bureau, the Municipal Transportation Administration and other units quickly rushed to the scene to organize and command, and performed their duties, cooperated with each other, and worked quickly and effectively.

Lianyungang Public Security Bureau quickly launched an emergency plan, and set up a disposal leading group with Wang Yongsheng, deputy mayor and public security bureau chief, as the team leader, and other party committee members as the deputy team leaders. Seven working groups, including comprehensive coordination, accident investigation, public opinion guidance and control, after-care disposal, legal guidance, emergency response and logistics support, were set up to carry out rescue work at the scene of the accident.

Li Weixin, deputy director of the Provincial Safety Supervision Bureau, Wang Wen and Zhu Zixing, deputy heads of the Traffic Police Corps of the Provincial Public Security Department, and other leaders rushed to the scene of the accident to direct rescue and guide the aftermath. Wang Bingbing, researcher and deputy director of the Accident Department of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, led relevant experts from the Traffic Management Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security to come to the company overnight to guide the accident handling work.

four March 13 Zhao Ruihua, deputy director of the Second Department of Safety Supervision of the Ministry of Emergency Management, and Shi Yong, deputy director of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, personally went to Lianyungang to convene a meeting to deploy accident investigation and handling. Pei Jun, deputy director of the Provincial Public Security Department, came to Lianyungang to guide the accident handling. On April 16th, Zhang Jianjun, Director of Technical Management Office of Highway Bureau of Ministry of Transport, and his team of four people inspected the accident vehicles and guardrail, and then re-inspected the road and guardrail at the site.

2.Emergency treatment at the scene of the accident

After the accident, the leaders of Lianyungang City and Donghai County Party Committee and County Government led the heads of relevant departments to rush to the scene at the first time to direct the accident handling and rescue work. Public security, transportation, fire protection, 120 first aid, road administration and other departments quickly carried out rescue of the wounded, site investigation, investigation and evidence collection, vehicle rescue, site cleaning and other work, and the accident site was removed and traffic resumed at 19: 00 on the same day. During the period, the traffic police department dispatched 8 police cars and more than 60 police officers, the fire department dispatched 2 fire rescue vehicles and more than 20 firefighters, the high-speed company dispatched more than 40 road administration, troubleshooting and maintenance personnel, and the 120 emergency departments at the city and county levels dispatched 10 ambulances. The traffic police department temporarily requisitioned two civilian cranes to participate in the rescue.　

3.Medical treatment situation

After the accident, the medical departments at Lianyungang City and Donghai County immediately opened a green channel for the medical treatment of the injured in traffic accidents, and spared no effort to treat the injured. The provincial public security department coordinated the relevant medical institutions in the province to immediately send experts to Lianyungang to participate in the rescue work, and all the injured people were treated promptly and effectively. At present, except for 5 people who are still being treated in the hospital, all others have been cured and discharged.

4.Treatment of aftermath

After the accident, the after-care team quickly carried out compensation for traffic accident damage. On the morning of April 13th, in conjunction with the municipal insurance industry association, we discussed the aftermath of accident claims with the responsible persons of Sunshine Insurance Company, Zhejiang Branch and Hangzhou Branch, and issued a notice of payment (advance payment) for road traffic accident rescue expenses to Sunshine Insurance Hangzhou Branch. On the afternoon of 13th, Sunshine Insurance Company paid 3 million yuan in advance to compensate for the advance payment. On April 14th, Centrino Company paid 3.5 million yuan in rescue expenses in advance. On April 24th, Feng Yong paid 600,000 yuan for the rescue. On April 17th, the director of Mengcheng County Judicial Bureau and his party arrived in Donghai County to assist in compensation mediation. On April 18th, a group of eight people from the accident aftermath compensation group of Sunshine Insurance Company Hangzhou Branch arrived in Lianyungang again to participate in accident compensation mediation. Up to now, all the bodies of the dead have been cremated, and all the dead have reached a compensation agreement except one who has gone through legal proceedings. All the injured have ended mediation except five who are still being treated in the hospital and three who have not been identified for injuries.

Iii. Investigation and evidence collection

(a) the trace of the accident

The scene of the accident is the original scene, involving two vehicles. Among them, the head of Yu AE4555 large-scale ordinary bus turns to the left side of the car body in the right lane from Xuzhou to Lianyungang. The rear wheel is 4 meters away from the south edge guardrail of the road, the front wheel is 3.8 meters away from the south edge guardrail of the road, 4 meters away from the east-west direction of K61+ 300M road mileage pile, and 21.8 meters away from the east-west direction of the right rear wheel of Su G391E8 small bus. The right rear wheel of the minibus is 5.1m away from the south edge guardrail of the road, and the right front wheel is 4.2m away from the south edge guardrail of the road.

(II) Vehicle damage

The front windshield of AE4555 large ordinary passenger car in Henan province is broken and scattered, the whole right side of the cab is pressed and deformed to the left side of the car body, the surface glass fiber decorative board is broken and defective, and scratches and green plants are seen at the exposed steel frame of the internal steel frame. Right front door is missing. The skin in the middle of the front bumper is missing, and the front metal guardrail is depressed and deformed inward. The window glass on the right side of the vehicle is broken and missing, and a large area of falling scratches is seen at the position above 220cm from the ground at the right rear part of the vehicle body, and the whole right rear part is extruded and deformed to the left side of the vehicle body. On the left side of the car body, a large number of scratches were found, and the window glass was partially broken and missing. There are two parallel extrusion deformation marks at the rear of the roof, flaky scratch marks at the front of the roof, and black substance adhesion.

The roof of Su G391E8 small ordinary passenger car is bent and deformed downwards, and the airbag on board is open. A large amount of blood and fragments of the front windshield of Henan AE4555 large ordinary bus were scattered inside the cab. A large number of scratches were found on the engine compartment cover, and the red rust substance adhered and the glass fragments of the large ordinary passenger car window were scattered. The left front fender of the car body was extruded and folded from front to back. The front bumper skin is missing as a whole, and there are longitudinal scratches and glass fiber-like substances embedded in the radiator within the range of 50cm -90cm from the ground. The right rear tire lost pressure and its metal hub was broken.

(3) Blood tests

According to the appraisal report [2018] No.865, no ethanol component was detected in Shao Dandan’s blood. According to the appraisal report [2018] No.866, no ethanol component was detected in Chen Haoran’s blood. According to the identification report of Lian Gong Wu Jian (Drugs) Zi [2018] No.39, no amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, ketamine, morphine and monoacetylmorphine were detected in Shao Dandan’s urine. According to the identification report [2018] No.40, no amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, ketamine, morphine and monoacetylmorphine were detected in the urine of Chen Haoran.

(4) Vehicle inspection

Appraised by dmv, Traffic Police Detachment of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau:

Accident car Yu AE4555: (1) Vehicle appearance: the outline size (length× width× height) and wheelbase, brand model, body color, axle number, tyre size and the rated number of passengers are in conformity with the certificate; (2) The number of passenger doors of the accident large ordinary bus is 2, and there are 4 emergency windows (three glasses are damaged, one glass is intact, and emergency exit signs are affixed, and there are 3 safety hammers, but one is missing), 2 escape exits on the roof, 1 warning sign, installation of driving recorder, no nameplate of the finished vehicle and no fire extinguisher; (3) Braking and steering: the accident vehicle did not see the front wheel disc brake and was equipped with ABS. Due to the accident, the vehicle was seriously damaged, the steering tie rod was deformed, the four-wheel anti-lock braking device was disassembled, and the engine could not work normally and there was no air pressure, so the braking and steering performance could not be tested; (4) The vehicle identification code needs to be contacted with the vehicle management office where the vehicle is registered to check its authenticity (note: it is verified to be true later); (5) There are 57 registered seats for buses, 57 damaged vehicles and 57 seat belts, but some seat belts are found to be damaged during inspection; (6) The tire under inspection has no retreaded tire and is seriously worn. The tire crown pattern is 1.1mm for the left front wheel, 1.0mm for the right front wheel, 0.3mm for the left rear tire and 0.4mm for the right rear tire. The tread depth of steering wheel should be greater than or equal to 3.2mm, and the tread depth of other tires should be greater than or equal to 1.6mm, resulting in serious tire wear.Does not meet the "technical conditions for motor vehicle operation safety"; The right front tire is broken, which belongs to impact damage.

The accident of Su G391E8 minibus caused serious damage to steering system, braking system, running system and other parts, and the performance of steering system and braking system could not be tested.

(5) Trace inspection.

According to the appraisal opinion No.104 [2018] of Zhengda Sijian Center, in this accident, the right front part of Yu AE4555 blue Jinlong bus driven by Shao Dandan came into contact with the left front part of Su G391E8 Honda minibus driven by Chen Haoran. At the time of the accident, the Yu AE4555 blue Jinlong bus driven by Shao Dandan did not come into direct contact with vehicles other than the Su G391E8 Honda minibus driven by Chen Haoran.

(VI) Driving data of AE4555 large ordinary bus in Henan.

The memory card data of AE4555, a large ordinary bus, was read in the road traffic accident appraisal by the Institute of Traffic Management Science of the Ministry of Public Security. The time period of driving record on the day of the accident was: (1) 00: 00-08: 31: 16 on April 12, 2018. Last location: Rongwei Expressway in Weifang. Final speed: 77 km/h. (2) April 12, 2018, 11:09:14-11:29:0. Last location: Rizhao service area of G15 Shenhai Expressway. No driving data was found on the day of the incident: (3) 08: 31: 17—11: 09: 14 on the 12th; (4) 11: 29: 03 on the 12th—when the accident happened.

Fourth,Cause and nature of the accident

(A) the direct cause

1.Shao Dandan, a bus driver, is the direct cause of the accident when he drives a vehicle whose tires are worn out and do not meet the technical standards in rainy days.

2018 April 19, 2008 The No.4 Brigade of the Traffic Police Detachment of Lianyungang Public Security Bureau made a road traffic accident confirmation letter [2018] No.001, and Shao Dandan drove a motor vehicle whose parts did not meet the technical standards on the road and did not drive safely, respectively violating Article 21 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China: "Before driving a motor vehicle on the road, the driver should carefully check the safety and technical performance of the motor vehicle; Do not drive a motor vehicle with safety facilities or parts that do not meet technical standards and other safety hazards. " Paragraph 1 of Article 22: "Motor vehicle drivers shall abide by the provisions of laws and regulations on road traffic safety, and drive safely and in a civilized manner in accordance with operational norms." The provisions of. Take full responsibility for the accident.

2.Shao Dandan failed to fulfill the obligation of safety reminder. At the time of the accident, most passengers in the bus didn’t wear seat belts, and the driver didn’t remind them according to the regulations, which caused many people to be thrown out of the car after collision, which aggravated the consequences of accident casualties.

(2) Indirect causes

1.Centrino Company did not strictly perform the main responsibility of safety production, and did not seriously educate and urge employees to strictly implement the company’s rules and regulations and operating procedures, which led to Shao Dandan’s improper operation when driving in rainy days; Safety production management is not in place, and effective measures have not been taken to check the AE4555 bus in Henan regularly according to the company’s regulations, and the hidden trouble of serious tire tread wear has not been rectified during the accident; We failed to take effective measures in time to solve the problem that the vehicle is sometimes off-line during the dynamic monitoring.

2.Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration failed to supervise Centrino Company’s enterprises, and neglected Centrino Company’s failure to seriously implement the company’s regular inspection system for passenger vehicles. Supervise Centrino Company to implement the dynamic monitoring management system is not in place.

3.The third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau is not sure about the operation of accident vehicles of Centrino Company within its jurisdiction, and its supervision is not in place.

(3) Nature of the accident

After investigation, it was found that the "4.12" major road traffic accident in Lianyungang was a road traffic liability accident.

Five, the handling of the accident related responsible personnel and responsible units and suggestions.

(a) the judicial organs have taken measures.

1.Shao Dandan, the driver of the accident vehicle, was criminally detained by Lianyun Public Security Bureau on April 13, 2018 on suspicion of traffic accident. He was arrested by Lianyun District Procuratorate on April 20 and is now detained in the city detention center.

2.Zheng Yueming, Zheng Yueming, the shareholder and general manager of Centrino Company and the leader of the leading group for safety production, was criminally detained by Donghai County Public Security Bureau on April 14, 2018 and released on bail pending trial on April 23.

3.Feng Yong, the contractor of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus, was criminally detained by Donghai County Public Security Bureau on April 21, 2018, and released on bail pending trial on April 25.

4.Fu Dayong, the dispatcher of Yu AE4555 large ordinary bus, was criminally detained by Donghai County Public Security Bureau on April 21, 2018 on suspicion of major accident, and was released on bail on April 25.

(two) it is recommended to give disciplinary action to the party and government.

1.Zhang Zhihua, party member of the Communist Party of China, is the head of the Passenger Transport Department of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration, responsible for the management of the city’s road passenger transport industry, and has the supervisory responsibility for the passenger transport department to carry out the supervision of the tourism passenger transport industry. Failure to effectively supervise the work of department personnel. It is recommended to give a serious warning.

2.Zhou Bingjie, party member of the Communist Party of China, deputy detachment leader of the inspection detachment of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration Bureau, was transferred to the Passenger Transport Department due to work needs, and was responsible for the management of the license plates of tourist passenger vehicles in the city. He was responsible for supervising the enterprises’ failure to apply for license plates in accordance with relevant regulations and failed to effectively supervise the enterprises’ receipt and use of license plates. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

3.Zhang Xiaofeng, party member, member of the Passenger Transport Section of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration, is responsible for the license management of tourist passenger transport enterprises and operating vehicles in the city, and is responsible for the supervision of enterprises that fail to strictly carry out the management of tourist passenger transport industry according to relevant regulations. In daily management, the company failed to effectively supervise the safety management of operating vehicles. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

4.Zhang Zhigen, party member of the Communist Party of China, is a member of the Passenger Transport Section of Zhengzhou Road Transportation Administration. He is responsible for the safety inspection of tourist passenger transport enterprises in the city and is responsible for the supervision of the failure to effectively carry out the safety inspection of tourist passenger transport according to regulations. The inspection of tourist passenger transport enterprises in the city was not detailed and comprehensive, and it failed to effectively supervise enterprises to strictly carry out the management of tourist passenger transport industry in accordance with relevant regulations. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

5.Wang Jinzhu, party member of the Communist Party of China and the captain of the third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, failed to deploy and supervise the work of superiors, resulting in weak links in the supervision of key vehicles. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

6.Li Xun, party member of the Communist Party of China, deputy director of the supervision office of key objects of the third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, was not sure about the operation of accident vehicles and did not supervise them properly. Suggest admonishing conversation, informed criticism.

7.Wang Kai, party member of the Communist Party of China, and the police in the supervision office of the third brigade of the traffic police detachment of Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau, are not sure about the operation of the accident vehicles and the supervision is not in place. Suggest admonishing conversation, informed criticism.

(3) Administrative punishment and accountability suggestions

1.It is suggested that the safety production supervision and management departments and transportation departments of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province should investigate Centrino Company and its related responsible persons according to relevant laws and regulations.

2.It is suggested that the relevant departments of Anhui, Zhejiang and Henan provinces implement the territorial supervision responsibility for the passenger vehicles of "Luqiao Huangyan Liushi Team" in Mengcheng, Anhui Province, and urge relevant enterprises to fully implement the main responsibility of enterprise safety production.

3.It is suggested that the public security organs in Mengcheng, Anhui Province should further investigate and deal with Li Dengchao, who is suspected of forging a chartered bus line card.

Six, accident prevention and rectification measures

(A) around the accident prevention, take measures simultaneously, and quickly carry out special rectification.

After the accident, Lianyungang public security traffic management department attached great importance to it, and immediately launched a special campaign for the rectification of expressway buses for half a year from April 13 with the departments of highway law enforcement, transportation and road companies. First, strengthen organizational leadership and earnestly formulate plans. A special meeting was held overnight to study and deploy the rectification work, and five expressway companies including Jiangsu Lianxu and 19 expressway traffic police brigades and public security checkpoints were quickly convened to comprehensively carry out the special rectification of expressway traffic and passenger transport order in the city. The second is to strictly control the road surface and strengthen cooperation. The leaders of the municipal bureau and detachment led the team to go on duty to enforce the law, board the car for inspection and carry out safety publicity. Public security checkpoints implement a 24-hour service mode, relying on the inspection and control system to inspect inter-provincial tourist chartered cars, and strictly investigate traffic violations such as "three overload and one fatigue" and not wearing seat belts; The high-speed brigade takes toll stations and service areas as positions to inspect the performance and operating qualifications of fixed-line vehicles in its jurisdiction. Strengthen cooperation with road companies, road administration and other departments, and carry out "one road, three cars" joint duty law enforcement work. The third is to strictly investigate hidden dangers and plug security loopholes. The detachment held an accident prevention meeting with five expressway companies to form a meeting summary to clarify the investigation scope, content, responsible unit and rectification period of expressway traffic safety hazards, and eliminate safety hazards in time. The fourth is to use sufficient legal means to ensure the remediation effect. At the same time, the penalty points for bus traffic violations shall be copied to the transportation management department where the vehicle registration is located. For the illegal operation of road passenger vehicles,Handed over to the road law enforcement and traffic management departments for handling. The fifth is to strengthen publicity and education and raise the awareness of traffic safety of the whole people. Since the rectification activities, a total of 5,950 buses have been inspected and registered, 1,450 traffic violations of various passenger vehicles have been investigated, 15,000 drivers have been reminded to wear seat belts, more than 40,000 traffic safety reminder cards have been issued, 6 passenger transport enterprises have been interviewed, and 76 rectification notices have been issued.

(two) improve the safety production system, conscientiously implement the main responsibility of production safety.

It is suggested that Henan Xunchi Automobile Travel Service Co., Ltd. should further implement the main responsibility of safety production, establish and improve various safety production systems, effectively strengthen the safety management of its vehicles and drivers, and ensure that all safety production rules and regulations are in place; It is necessary to strengthen the safety assessment training and education for all drivers, ensure that employees have the necessary knowledge of safety production, be familiar with relevant safety production rules and regulations and safety operation skills, and enhance the safety awareness of employees and the emergency handling ability of emergencies; It is necessary to use the satellite positioning monitoring platform to monitor the whole process of the company’s passenger vehicle operation, and it is not allowed to arrange the operation of passenger vehicles that can’t stay online when the satellite positioning device fails.

(C) to further enhance the awareness of road traffic safety red line and sense of responsibility.

It is suggested that Zhengzhou road transport management department should give full play to its functions and take effective measures, further urge road transport enterprises, effectively enhance the awareness of red line, strictly implement the main responsibility of safety production, strictly abide by and implement the laws and regulations on safety production, strengthen safety production education and training, improve workers’ safety awareness, and promptly investigate and control hidden dangers of accidents; It is necessary to urge and guide enterprises to implement the main responsibility of dynamic monitoring, strengthen dynamic monitoring, and take effective measures to curb illegal business practices.

(D) Take multiple measures to strengthen the daily supervision of road transport enterprises in the area.

It is suggested that the public security traffic management department of Zhengzhou City should take multiple measures to strengthen the daily supervision of road transport enterprises in its jurisdiction. First, we must strictly implement the supervision system and urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility. By holding regular safety meetings, signing safety responsibility letters, reporting the safety situation, analyzing traffic accident cases and other effective ways, we will implement various supervision systems and urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility. Second, we must conscientiously implement regulatory responsibilities and strengthen the implementation of measures. It is necessary to give full play to the current effective measures such as online inspection, in-depth supervision and inspection of enterprises, problem notification, problem copying, and timely interviews, further implement the requirements of the basic information management work norms of public security traffic management business, and do a detailed supervision of the source. Third, we must earnestly urge the problem to be rectified to ensure effective results. While signing the safety responsibility book, establishing and perfecting the account, holding the regular safety meeting, and issuing the rectification notice, we should stick to the problems found, and urge the problems to be rectified in place without leaving any dead ends.

(5) Promote the work of "clearing" potential safety hazards and vigorously carry out special rectification.

It is suggested that Zhengzhou road transport management, public security traffic management and other relevant departments should conscientiously perform their supervisory responsibilities, comprehensively investigate the problems existing in enterprises under their jurisdiction, urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility, and vigorously promote the work of "clearing" safety hazards, especially the safety hazards of "two passengers and one danger" vehicles and drivers. At the same time, we will carry out joint special rectification, focusing on checking the implementation of dynamic monitoring measures and daily safety education and training of tourist passenger transport enterprises, checking the regular inspection and daily maintenance of vehicles, checking the driver’s driving qualification and professional qualification, checking the procedures for chartering tourist buses, urging enterprises to check the integrity of passenger tires and seat belts, and implementing the passenger safety notification system. Tourist buses and drivers who do not have the corresponding qualifications will be banned; Tourist passenger transport enterprises that fail to perform their safety management duties will be suspended for rectification; All tourist buses whose safety performance does not meet the standard or whose GPS monitoring system is not installed will stop operating; Those who violate the examination and approval route and issue blank chartered cars will be severely punished and seriously investigated for accountability. The list of vehicles and enterprises with potential safety hazards will be notified to the safety supervision departments, and a number of enterprises with outstanding potential safety hazards will be jointly interviewed and exposed, and the source education and management measures will be urged to be implemented.

(six) to strengthen publicity and guidance, and strive to develop the rules and atmosphere of safe driving.

Road transport management, public security traffic management and other departments in the relevant areas should pay attention to "4? 12 "The causes of major road traffic accidents are analyzed. Around the prevention of serious traffic accidents and tourist bus accidents, various ways are adopted to quickly set off a climax of traffic safety publicity tips and education warnings to prevent similar problems from happening. It is necessary to establish and improve the mass reporting mechanism, carry out award-winning reporting activities, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses to report illegal driving and illegal operation, and widely mobilize social supervision. Guide the relevant units and personnel not to rent or take tourist buses without chartered procedures or incomplete procedures, which have potential safety hazards, and form a good atmosphere for safe driving and safe car use.

The extinction at the end of Permian 252 million years ago caused the extinction of about 81% marine species and 89% terrestrial species. The main reason is believed to be the environmental change caused by large-scale volcanic eruption, but there is still no direct evidence that environmental factors affect terrestrial ecosystems. In cooperation with foreign counterparts, researchers in China discovered the direct evidence that the destruction of the ozone layer led to the extinction of terrestrial life at the end of Permian by studying the changes of "sunscreen" content in fossil pollen grains during this period.

The research results were published online in the internationally renowned journal Science Advances on January 6, 2023.

Black shale at the end of Permian in Qubu section of southern Tibet. Photo courtesy of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, CAS

Pollen fossils found in Permian-Triassic transitional strata in Qubu section. Photo courtesy of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, CAS

Volcanic eruption led to mass extinction of land? There was a lack of direct evidence

The extinction event at the end of Permian was the largest extinction event in Phanerozoic. Scientists generally believe that the increase of global greenhouse gases caused by the eruption of Siberian igneous province at the end of Permian, global warming and ocean acidification may be the main causes of this extinction. However, there are still many debates about how these environmental factors affect terrestrial ecosystems.

Some palynologists have found some deformed spores and pollen in the continental Permian-Triassic transition section. It is speculated that these deformed spores or pollen may be caused by the increase of ultraviolet radiation induced by the destruction of the global ozone layer caused by halogen elements ejected from the Siberian igneous province. However, the study of abnormal spores and pollen produced in modern plants shows that the environmental background of these abnormal pollen and spores is very complicated, and drought, air pollution and plant trauma may all induce abnormal spores or pollen to be produced in plants. Therefore, the discovery of a small number of abnormal spores and pollen in the continental Permian-Triassic transition section cannot directly prove that there was an increase in ultraviolet radiation caused by the global ozone hole during the extinction at the end of Permian.

Using the content of "sunscreen" to deduce the intensity of atmospheric ultraviolet radiation

Plants need sunlight for photosynthesis to provide energy for plant growth, but at the same time, it is necessary to avoid the damage of harmful ultraviolet rays in sunlight to genetic information in plants, especially in plant reproductive cells (spores and pollen). In order to adapt to the terrestrial radiation environment, terrestrial plants have evolved some regulatory mechanisms to reduce the damage of ultraviolet rays to plants. In the germ cells of plants, this mechanism is manifested in that there are a large number of compounds-coumaric acid and ferulic acid-in the outer walls of plant spores and pollen, which are very similar in function to "sunscreen cream". These compounds can form resonance-stable phenol free radicals and resist the oxidation caused by ultraviolet rays, thus protecting fragile spores and pollen and providing guarantee for the spread and reproduction of terrestrial plants.

Modern botanists have observed that plants can automatically adjust the content of "sunscreen" on the outer wall of their germ cells according to the surrounding ultraviolet radiation environment, and these "sunscreen" can be stored in the outer wall of inert spores and pollen for a long time. Therefore, in theory, researchers can determine the content of "sunscreen" in these spores and pollen, and deduce the intensity of atmospheric ultraviolet radiation in geological history.

"Sunscreen" is difficult to digest and has low nutrition, or leads to the extinction of insects.

According to Liu Feng, a researcher at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research team quantitatively measured coumaric acid and ferulic acid in 1011 pollen grains from Permian-Triassic transition section in southern Tibet, China. Through the big data analysis of infrared spectra produced by these pollen, the research team found that during the extinction at the end of Permian, the contents of coumaric acid and ferulic acid in the outer wall of pollen in the stratum were significantly higher than those in fossil pollen before and after extinction, which directly proved that there was an increase in global ultraviolet radiation during the extinction at the end of Permian.

The increase of ultraviolet radiation in the air has a far-reaching impact on the whole terrestrial ecosystem. Because ultraviolet rays not only have a strong killing effect on plant germ cells, but also cause damage to plant mesophyll cells. In order to resist the damage of ultraviolet rays to mesophyll cells, plants will synthesize lutein, coumaric acid and ferulic acid in their leaves, which will reduce the synthesis of chlorophyll accordingly, leading to the weakening of photosynthesis of plants, which will further weaken the absorption capacity of plants for greenhouse gases, further aggravating the global greenhouse gas increase caused by volcanic eruption at the end of Permian.

In addition, lutein, coumaric acid and ferulic acid in mesophyll are compounds that are difficult to digest and have low nutritional value for herbivores and insects, so the increase of ultraviolet radiation indirectly affects the terrestrial food chain, which may be the main reason for the extinction of terrestrial herbivores and insects at the end of Permian.

Beijing News reporter Zhang Lu

Editor Liu Qianxian proofreads Wu Xingfa.

　　On January 17th and 19th, two patients in Xinjiang died after taking Tangzhining Capsule (batch number "081101") labeled "Guangxi Pingnan Pharmaceutical Factory". After investigation, the "Tangzhining Capsule" that caused the patient’s death was a counterfeit drug, and the chemical component "glibenclamide" was illegally added. According to industry analysts, patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are huge, which has become a "gold mine" for many black-hearted drug dealers to make money. Some products advertised as pure Chinese medicine have illegally mixed western medicine ingredients, or added pharmaceutical ingredients to health foods, which is harmful to patients’ health. This has also become a focus of supervision by law enforcement departments in various places, including Guangdong Province.

　　Three chemical components are often illegally added.

　　According to reports, although the current medical level has made rapid progress, there is no major breakthrough in some difficult diseases, such as diabetes, chronic hepatitis, malignant tumors, etc., and neither traditional Chinese medicine nor western medicine can achieve a complete cure. Wei Hua, deputy director of the Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that as far as Chinese medicine is concerned, its composition is complex and its effect is mild and slow, while western medicine has continuously developed some chemical drugs which are more effective, but its side effects are relatively large. In this regard, some lawless people, taking advantage of the psychological trust of patients in traditional Chinese medicine, promote so-called pure Chinese medicine and health food, and secretly add western medicine chemical components to them, so that patients feel obvious curative effect after taking it, thus increasing sales. For example, the "Tangzhining Capsule" that went wrong this time is under the banner of Chinese patent medicine.

　　Wei Hua said that in addition to the glibenclamide added in the "Tangzhining Capsule" that went wrong this time, gliclazide and glipizide are the most commonly added hypoglycemic western medicine ingredients in those illegal products. According to the relevant regulations, chemical substances are not allowed to be added to traditional Chinese medicine. "Glibenclamide" has a strong hypoglycemic effect, and its pharmacological function is to promote insulin secretion and improve human insulin deficiency through metabolism after entering the blood. However, serious overdose may cause shock and even death.

　　It is understood that the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute for Drug Inspection found that the drugs taken by the deceased during his lifetime contained about 10.33 mg of "glibenclamide" per pill. "Glibenclamide" is a second-generation sulfonylurea, which has a strong hypoglycemic effect, but adults should not take more than l5 mg per day, otherwise it will endanger the life safety of users. According to the instructions of the seized drugs, the normal dosage is 9 capsules per day, which has exceeded the maximum daily dosage by 6 times.

　　You can’t add western medicine to Chinese medicine at random.

　　A person in charge of a pharmaceutical factory told reporters that the incident was not accidental, and illegal drugs, health foods, western medicines and illegal propaganda occurred from time to time. According to National Medical Products Administration, they found that it is not uncommon to add sildenafil, a component of Viagra, to the "pure Chinese medicine" for treating male sexual dysfunction, and to add thyroid hormone to diet food, which can cause hyperthyroidism, so that patients who don’t know the truth suffer from side effects of drugs for no reason. This exposes a problem: most Chinese people believe that "natural drugs" have the advantages of low toxicity and side effects, and it is inevitable that they are not alert to side effects such as dependence.

　　Wang Dahong, Secretary-General of the Market Working Committee of China Health Food Association, said that illegal addition of western medicine ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine or chemical ingredients in health food will do great harm to patients and should not be added indiscriminately. Doctors and patients use mixed Chinese and western medicines without knowing it, which can easily lead to repeated adverse drug reactions. For example, if diabetic patients don’t know that the Chinese patent medicine for lowering blood sugar is added with glibenclamide, they mistakenly think it is a "Chinese medicine with no toxic and side effects" and take it in excess, or take the western medicine for lowering blood sugar at the same time for "integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment", which will lead to overdose of hypoglycemic drugs and hypoglycemia, and even lead to blood sugar fluctuation of patients if they stop taking the medicine suddenly. Therefore, Wang Dahong said that the timely discovery and investigation of the problem "Tangzhining Capsule" has eliminated another safety hazard that harms consumers’ health, and the industry has been further eliminated.

　　Illegal addition has four characteristics.

　　Most Chinese patent medicines or health foods illegally added with western medicine ingredients have the following characteristics: First, they claim that they can cure or greatly improve certain diseases in a short period of time, and their efficacy is remarkable. Second, most drugs are sold through online advertisements, mail advertisements or health knowledge lectures. Third, most drugs or health care products are covered with legal coats. Some products are pure Chinese medicine ingredients when applying for batch number, but western medicine ingredients are added during production. Fourth, the means of addition is very secret. Knowing that the routine drug testing only examines the internal substances of drugs, criminals add western medicine ingredients to the external carriers of drugs such as capsule shell. Finally, it is suggested that consumers can check the authenticity of drugs through the official website of the State Food and Drug Administration.

　　-Medical files

　　glibenclamide

　　Glibenclamide, alias glibenclamide, Daanning, etc., is a prescription drug and must be taken under the guidance of a doctor. It is an islet hormone and a drug that affect blood sugar, and can be used to treat mild and moderate non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with unsatisfactory therapeutic effect only by diet control, but the patient’s islet β cells need to have certain insulin secretion function without serious complications, such as diarrhea, nausea, headache, stomachache, liver function damage, thrombocytopenia and other adverse symptoms. If you take glibenclamide in large quantities for a long time, it will eventually lead to hypoglycemia, nephropathy and even death.

　　-Related links

　　Which drugs illegally add glibenclamide?

　　According to experts, in the drug treatment of diabetes, except insulin, most of them are oral drugs. Oral hypoglycemic drugs are usually divided into three categories: western medicine hypoglycemic drugs, pure Chinese medicine hypoglycemic drugs and Chinese and Western medicine hypoglycemic drugs. Generally, pure Chinese medicine has weak hypoglycemic effect, slow onset and high safety. Western medicine hypoglycemic agents take effect quickly and have great toxic and side effects. The combination of Chinese and western hypoglycemic agents is based on the pure traditional Chinese medicine hypoglycemic agents, and incorporates the ingredients of western medicine hypoglycemic agents, which not only has the advantages of rapid hypoglycemic effect of western medicine, but also has the advantages of high safety of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the person in charge of the provincial drug evaluation center, at present, only three kinds of oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as Yikai Xiaoke Pill, are officially registered in China. It is not the first time to illegally add glibenclamide. In 2005, the Ministry of Health investigated and dealt with two cases-

　　○ On June 15th, 2005, the Ministry of Health issued a notice, requiring all localities to investigate and deal with some batch numbers of "Ku Le Kang Capsule" produced by Liaoning Healthy Weiye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.. The Ministry of Health pointed out that when the relevant departments of Jilin Province supervised and inspected the health food "Ku Le Kang" capsules (approval number: Wei Shi Jian Zi [2002] No.0588) produced by Liaoning Health Weiye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., they found that the products marked with certain batch numbers contained chemical drugs. The capsule shells of samples with batch numbers of 20041201 (not for sale), 20040902 and 20041201 contain the chemical drug glibenclamide, and the capsule contents with batch number of 20050401 contain the chemical drug gliclazide.

　　○ On October 9, 2005, Jiangxi Food and Drug Administration announced that the law enforcement officers of Nanchang Food and Drug Administration had tested the drug "Tangbikang Jiangtangning Capsule" labeled as batch number 20050403082 produced by Jilin Shenhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: glibenclamide was illegally added to this Chinese patent medicine. (Reporter Roger Lee)

Editor: Liu Li

Recently, the China Breast Cancer Screening Standard (T/CPMA 014-2020) proposed by China National Cancer Center was published online in chinese journal of cancer prevention and treatment. The correspondent is Professor He Jie, director of National Cancer Center and academician of China Academy of Sciences.

As a common cancer, according to the latest global cancer burden data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization in 2020, there were 2.26 million new breast cancer cases in the world in 2020, surpassing lung cancer (2.21 million cases) for the first time, becoming the largest cancer in the world, accounting for 11.7% of new cancer cases. Among the newly diagnosed cancer patients, one in every eight is a breast cancer patient. China is a big country with breast cancer. In 2020, there will be about 420,000 new cases of breast cancer and nearly 120,000 deaths.

Screening, improving the detection rate of early breast cancer and precancerous lesions, and timely and effective treatment are important measures to improve the prognosis of breast cancer and reduce the risk of death. The standards put forward suggestions on the population, measures, results and management of breast cancer screening in China. We have sorted out the relevant contents, hoping to help you better understand the knowledge of breast cancer screening.

Image source: 123RF

Who should have breast cancer screening?

The standard suggests that people at high risk of breast cancer should be screened from the age of 40; The general risk population (all school-age women except the high-risk population) should be screened for breast cancer between 45 and 70 years old.

High-risk population

Women who meet any of the following conditions 1, 2 and 3 are at high risk of breast cancer.

1. Women with genetic family history, that is, women with any of the following: 1) First-degree relatives (mothers, daughters and sisters) have a history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer; 2) Among the second-degree relatives (aunts, grandmothers and grandmothers), two or more people suffered from breast cancer before the age of 50; 3) Among the second-degree relatives, 2 or more have ovarian cancer before the age of 50; 4) At least one first-degree relative carries a known pathogenic genetic mutation of BRCA1/2 gene, or carries a pathogenic genetic mutation of BRCA1/2 gene himself.

2. Have any of the following: 1) Age of menarche ≤12 years old; 2) menopausal age ≥55 years old; 3) Have a history of breast biopsy or surgery for benign breast diseases, or a history of atypical hyperplasia of breast (lobules or ducts) confirmed by pathology; 4) Use hormone replacement therapy of "estrogen and progesterone combination" for not less than half a year; 5) X-ray examination of breast after 45 years old suggests that the type of breast parenchyma (or breast density) is uneven compactness or compactness.

Note: Breast parenchyma types can be divided into fat type, scattered fibrous gland type, heterogeneous dense type (which may cover small masses) and dense type (which reduces the sensitivity of breast cancer detection).

3. Those who have any of the following two items: 1) No breast-feeding history or breast-feeding time less than 4 months; 2) No history of live birth (including never giving birth, abortion or stillbirth) or the age of first live birth ≥30 years old; 3) hormone replacement therapy using only "estrogen" for not less than half a year; 4) Abortion (including natural abortion and induced abortion) shall not be less than 2 times.

Image source: 123RF

How to screen?

General risk population: breast ultrasound examination should be performed every 1-2 years; If you do not have the conditions for breast ultrasound examination, you should use mammography.

High-risk population: breast ultrasound combined with mammography is performed once a year.

How to understand the screening results?

Classification of diagnostic results of mammography

The diagnostic results of mammography are usually classified by the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), which is formulated by American Radiological Society (ACR) and widely used internationally.

1. BI-RADS 0: The existing image failed to complete the evaluation, and other image examinations need to be added.

2. BI-RADS 1: normal, no abnormality was found in mammography. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

3. BI-RADS 2: Benign findings, with definite benign changes and no malignant signs. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

4. BI-RADS 3: Benign lesions that may be large. 0% < malignant possibility ≤2%.

5. BI-RADS 4: Suspected malignant lesions, but without typical malignant signs. 2% < malignant possibility < 95%.

6. BI-RADS 4A: low-grade suspected malignancy. 2% < malignant possibility ≤10%.

7. BI-RADS 4B: moderately suspected malignant. 10% < malignant possibility ≤50%.

8. BI-RADS 4C: highly suspected malignant. 50% < malignant possibility < 95%.

9. BI-RADS 5: Highly suggestive of malignant lesions with typical imaging features of breast cancer. Malignant possibility ≥95%.

Image source: 123RF

Classification of ultrasonic diagnosis results of breast

The classification of ultrasound evaluation refers to the screening of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the BI-RADS classification standard proposed by American Radiological Society.

1. BI-RADS 0: The diagnostic information obtained by ultrasound is incomplete and cannot be evaluated, and it needs to be evaluated after other imaging examinations.

2. BI-RADS 1: negative, no abnormality was found by ultrasound. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

3. BI-RADS 2: Benign lesions, with definite benign changes and no malignant signs. The possibility of malignancy is 0%.

4. BI-RADS 3: Benign lesions that may be large. 0% < malignant possibility ≤2%.

5. BI-RADS 4: Suspected malignant lesions, but without typical malignant signs. 2% < malignant possibility < 95%.

6. BI-RADS 4A: low-grade suspected malignancy. 2% < malignant possibility ≤10%.

7. BI-RADS 4B: moderately suspected malignant. 10% < malignant possibility ≤50%.

8. BI-RADS 4C: highly suspected malignant. 50% < malignant possibility < 95%.

9. BI-RADS 5: Highly suggestive of malignant lesions with typical imaging features of breast cancer. Malignant possibility ≥95%.

Image source: 123RF

Screening result management

1. BI-RADS 1 and BI-RADS 2 need no special treatment.

2.　BI-RADS 3：

The evaluation of mammography is BI-RADS 3, so it is advisable to reexamine the breast on the lesion side at the next 6 months, and reexamine the breast on both sides at the 12th and 24th months.

If the lesion remains stable, it can continue to be reexamined, and if it has not changed for 2-3 years, it can be reduced to BI-RADS 2. If the lesion disappears or shrinks during the reexamination, it can be directly evaluated as BI-RADS 2 or BI-RADS 1. Biopsy should be considered if suspicious findings are found in the lesions during the reexamination.

The breast ultrasound evaluation is BI-RADS 3, so it is advisable to have breast ultrasound reexamination in 3-6 months, and it can be reduced to BI-RADS 2 if there is no change after 2 years of follow-up.

3. BI-RADS 4A: Further imaging examination and biopsy are needed.

4. BI-RADS 4B: Further imaging examination is needed, and biopsy is appropriate.

5. BI-RADS 4C and BI-RADS 5: Biopsy should be performed.

Image source: 123RF

tag

According to the standard, the breast physiological characteristics and breast cancer epidemic characteristics of women in China are quite different from those in western countries, so we can’t copy foreign experience. Establishing breast cancer screening standards suitable for women in China will play an important role in improving the scientificity, feasibility and practicability of breast cancer screening and reducing the incidence and mortality of breast cancer.

reference data

[1] He Jie, et al.,(2021). China female breast cancer screening standard (T/CPMA 014-2020). chinese journal of cancer prevention and treatment, DOI: 10.16073/J.CNKI.CJCPT.2021.01.02.

[2] Latest global cancer data: Cancer burden rises to 19.3 million new cases and 10.0 million cancer deaths in 2020. Retrieved Nov 16 ,2020, from https://www.iarc.fr/fr/news-events/latest-global-cancer-data-cancer-burden-rises-to-19-3-million-new-cases-and-10-0-million-cancer-deaths-in-2020/

Note: The purpose of this article is to introduce the progress of medical health research, not to recommend treatment schemes. For guidance on treatment plan, please go to a regular hospital.

　　This article was originally written by "Suning Financial Research Institute" in WeChat official account. The author is Tao Jin, Assistant Director of Macroeconomic Research Center of Suning Financial Research Institute. The first picture is from Yitu. com.

　　Recently, official website, the US Department of Commerce, issued a statement saying that the special relevant treatment for Hong Kong has been cancelled, including the suspension of export license exemption, and the differential treatment is being evaluated, while the export policy of related technologies to Hong Kong is being adjusted. These changes mean that the United States began to restrict its exports to Hong Kong.

　　Under the background of the COVID-19 epidemic, the actions of the US Department of Commerce are quite damaging to the global industrial chain system. The epidemic is wrapped in trade protectionism and continues to impact the global industrial chain system, and the risk of industrial chain interruption is accumulating.

　　Compared with the global economic recession is affected by short-term external events, the impact of the industrial chain is more worrying, because the destruction of the global industrial chain system is more like a long-term and more difficult to recover.

　　The industrial chain system has been destroyed, and the epidemic situation is only a fuse, but this fuse may evolve into a major blow to the globalization process. Today, globalization has a history of 600 years. Will it end because of this epidemic?

　　A brief history of globalization

　　Globalization originated from the great geographical discovery. During the 600 years from the 15th century to the present, globalization has been affected and hindered in various ways, but the overall trend is deepening.

　　1. Great geographical discovery

　　From the 15th century to the 17th century, European fleets appeared in the oceans all over the world, looking for new trade routes and trading partners to develop Europe’s nascent capitalism.

　　Sailors led by Columbus and da Gama have opened up many new sea routes, and also created the "era of great navigation", which is also called "geographical discovery" in history.

　　After the era of great navigation, colonialism and free trade began to appear, and globalization experienced intermittent development, reaching its peak in the 1910s, but then came World War I, when the process of globalization was paused, and then fascism appeared, which led to World War II.

　　2. Globalization after World War II

　　After World War II, many international organizations, such as GATT, have greatly reduced the barriers to international trade, especially the World Trade Organization, which evolved from GATT in 1995, has obviously accelerated the process of free trade and globalization in the past 30 years.

　　After stagflation and local wars in 1980s, globalization began to exert its strength in 1990s and continued until the global financial crisis in 2008. During this period, the proportion of global trade in the global economy increased from less than 15% to nearly 26%.

　　In 2008, the global financial crisis had a direct impact on global trade, which made countries start to consider the chain reaction of risk events brought by global contact again. However, this impact was not fatal to globalization, and trade remained large in the following years.

　　In addition to trade in goods and services, international capital flows are also a major manifestation of globalization. The core member and leader of the WTO is the United States. In fact, the United States has indeed exported dollars and economic hegemony through globalization, and gained a lot of benefits. In particular, American multinational companies have made use of low-cost production factors to produce and sell nearby all over the world and made a lot of profits.

　　Similar to international trade, the scale of foreign direct investment in countries around the world has been increasing since the 1990s. Despite the impact of events such as the bursting of the Internet bubble, the September 11th incident and the global financial crisis, the general trend of increasing capital flows has not changed.

　　3. Globalization and China’s Reform and Opening-up.

　　The accelerated globalization in recent decades has just matched the process of reform and opening up in China. China’s economic growth has experienced a rare high-speed growth in human history.

　　After the reform and opening up, China actively integrated into the global free trade system led by the United States, and continued to enhance its economic strength through the strategies of "export orientation" and "import substitution". At that time, the United States was busy with the cold war with the Soviet Union. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, it was busy exporting political, military and economic hegemony, cleaning up the "backyard" of South America, fighting two Gulf wars and catching bin Laden everywhere, which made it "too busy to look east" and its attitude towards China’s integration into the global economy was open and welcome.

　　In the process of integrating into the free trade system, China’s trade scale has continued to grow, even reaching 4.62 trillion US dollars in 2018, surpassing the United States (4.28 trillion US dollars) to become the world’s largest trading country, which is quite a bit like "doing something for another". It should be said that China may be one of the countries that have benefited most from globalization in recent decades.

　　Epidemic situation impacts trade and industrial chain.

　　Under the epidemic, production activities in many places around the world stagnated, which directly hit trade. Since March, the increase in unemployment, the decrease in income and the suspension of production activities have caused the trade between the United States and the European Union to shrink significantly. Even Japan, which has done a good job in epidemic prevention and control, has experienced a relatively obvious decline.

　　In the case of global recession and trade contraction, although China’s current domestic demand accounts for a larger proportion, it can resist the greater impact of external demand, but it is still inevitably impacted in both demand and industrial chain. What is even more worrying is that the contraction of foreign trade has caused a large number of enterprises in the foreign trade field, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, to go bankrupt and potential unemployment.

　　From the historical data, the fluctuation of China’s export growth is highly consistent with the fluctuation of GDP growth. According to statistics, if the global economic growth rate drops by 1 percentage point, China’s export growth rate will drop by 6-8 percentage points. Such a large-scale contraction of export business will inevitably lead to the contraction and even bankruptcy of a large number of foreign trade enterprises.

　　Because China and the global industrial chain system have formed a criss-crossing deep connection, the blow to the industrial chain also involves a very wide range of industries in China. In a large number of industries (especially automobile industry and electronics industry), China is an exporter of other countries in some links, but in other links, China is an importer of other countries. The stagnation of one link may affect the normal production of the whole industry.

　　Here, give an example of my personal experience to illustrate:

　　Once, the author took Didi, talked with the driver’s master, and learned that he was a builder working in a nearby construction site. He used to use his spare time to start Didi, but after the epidemic came, the construction site stopped working and he began to start Didi full-time.

　　He said that the shutdown was not due to the fact that it was not allowed to resume work at home, but because a foreign key device manufacturer stopped working. Without this device, the construction process had to be suspended.

　　This subverts the author’s understanding of the degree of integration of the global industrial chain, because when it comes to international trade, it is often not associated with the construction industry, but even the construction industry is now deeply bound to the global industrial chain.

　　In addition, there are two factors that aggravate this influence:

　　First, in the process of globalization, China is more and more deeply involved in the transmission process of global value chain. China’s participation in global value chains has reached 62% in 2017. Therefore, all kinds of raw materials and energy are cut off due to the global epidemic, which has also brought a big impact to China’s industrial chain.

　　Second, China is downstream in the global value chain. The upstream degree of China in the global value chain is 1%, far lower than the 4% of open economies and 29% of the United States (in 2017). The interruption of import supply chain of upstream products, especially energy and raw materials, will have a great impact on some industries in China.

　　From the import data over the years, it can be found that the import scale of raw materials, energy and primary products in China shows an overall upward trend, and a large number of export products in China are manufactured goods. It can be seen that China’s trade field is highly dependent on foreign upstream products, and the risk of "grain shortage" in China’s industrial production caused by supply shortage is still relatively high.

　　Behind the impact of industrial chain: anti-globalization

　　The impact of industrial chain not only comes from external events such as epidemic situation, but also is the result of intensified anti-globalization in recent years.

　　1, the epidemic is the fuse.

　　In January and February, after China’s production activities stopped due to the epidemic, the European and American economies were greatly affected. The supply of intermediate products and materials needed for production activities in many countries was interrupted, and more seriously, the supply of final consumer goods was interrupted, which affected the basic consumption of residents.

　　In March and April, European and American countries urgently needed masks, protective clothing, ventilators and other anti-epidemic materials, but suddenly found that not only did they not have the production capacity of ventilators, but even the simplest masks could not be produced, and finally they had to rely on China for export, which not only led to an increase in prices, but also failed to guarantee the supply in time. At this time, European and American countries were alert: "You can’t put eggs in the basket of China".

　　2. Trade protectionism is on the rise

　　In recent years, in developed countries, due to their own reasons, such as the solidification of social class and the widening gap between the rich and the poor, most ordinary people have not enjoyed the benefits brought by globalization, and more benefits have been divided by large industrial groups and multinational companies.

　　In order to safeguard the interests of the people, leaders of many countries have opposed free trade and global industrial division of labor, which has led to the rise of populism and trade protectionism, and also the phenomenon of anti-globalization. The global epidemic will inevitably lead to more intensified internal contradictions and increased social instability in Europe and the United States. This will in turn stimulate populism and trade protectionism, further aggravating the degree of anti-globalization. China has gained great benefits from globalization after its accession to the WTO, and these benefits may be reduced by the above changes in the future.

　　How serious will the industrial chain impact be?

　　Generally speaking, there are three forms of industrial chain impact: manufacturing industry moves to emerging markets such as India and Southeast Asia; The manufacturing industry in developed countries has returned and the industrial chain has been localized; Western countries’ restrictions on China’s imports and exports in certain fields.

　　However, these three forms of shocks either have conditions that do not fully meet the reality, or have corresponding countermeasures. In the long run, China still has great opportunities and space to meet these challenges.

　　1. Manufacturing industry moves out.

　　Now it seems that the destination of manufacturing migration is nothing more than India, Vietnam and other markets. However, there are more or less three fatal problems in these markets: First, although the labor cost is low, the scale and quality of the labor force cannot be compared with China in the short term, the economies of scale are not obvious, and the production efficiency is not high; Second, poor infrastructure conditions, poor transportation, production equipment and other facilities, production quality can not be guaranteed; Third, the lack of producer services can not provide high-quality supporting services for the manufacturing industry. Therefore, in the short term, these countries cannot effectively undertake large-scale manufacturing.

　　2. The return of manufacturing industry in developed countries.

　　After the outbreak, Japan plans to allocate 243.5 billion yen from the economic stimulus plan to adjust its production line in China, of which 220 billion yen will be used to help Japanese enterprises move their production lines back to China.

　　Developed countries, such as the United States, have been calling on their manufacturing enterprises to move back, but the effect is not very satisfactory. Because this kind of relocation faces two problems: first, because foreign capital has been invested in China, the cost of relocation is very large. Of course, this "moving fee" enterprise is unwilling to bear, and even the government will feel great financial pressure; Second, the cost and benefit evaluation often does not support relocation. Under the huge relocation cost, the cost of local manpower and supporting services after relocation is obviously higher than that of China, and the products produced are sold to China, and there is an extra tariff out of thin air, which is not cost-effective.

　　In addition, for China, after the economy developed to a certain level, the proportion of service industry increased, while the proportion of manufacturing industry decreased, and the overall impact brought by the relocation of manufacturing industry was also discounted.

　　3. Western countries’ restrictions on China’s imports and exports in certain fields.

　　This may be the most intractable problem facing China in the short term, and the US Department of Commerce’s actions against Hong Kong fall into this category. However, China has a relatively complete industrial system, which can resist this risk to some extent.

　　In the United Nations industrial classification, all industries can be divided into 39 industrial categories, 191 medium categories and 525 subcategories. China has 39 industrial categories, 191 middle categories and 525 sub-categories, making it the only country in the world with all the industrial categories listed in the United Nations Industrial Classification, and all the industrial categories listed in the United Nations Industrial Classification can be found in China. Among more than 500 major industrial products announced by the United Nations, China ranks first in the world in terms of output of about 220 kinds.

　　Therefore, it is preliminarily judged that the impact of global supply chain interruption on China’s industrial production can be controlled in the field of foreign trade, and the risk of spreading to internal larger-scale manufacturing industry is still controllable.

　　How to deal with it?

　　Although in the long run, the impact of industrial chain can be effectively alleviated, but in the short term, China’s economy, especially China’s enterprises, still have to face the challenges of trade and industrial chain turmoil. In addition to the government’s hedging and rescue policies, China enterprises can adjust their business and development strategies in the face of increasingly harsh internal and external environment in order to tide over the difficulties through the following methods.

　　1. Streamline business and shrink the development front.

　　Faced with the shrinking demand and the interruption of supply chain, enterprises need to strictly control the business content, strengthen the management of the main business, and at the same time shrink the development front, so as to avoid more potential risks. If enterprises increase investment against the trend and implement diversified development, they may face operational risks in many fields. For example, failure in a specific market often leads to a chain reaction, which breaks through the cash flow of enterprises, resulting in damage to the main business.

　　Streamlining business, at the same time, also means "reducing expenditure", strictly controlling investment, eliminating redundant phenomena, and even involving appropriate downsizing and salary reduction, so as to retain more concentrated energy to develop major businesses and enhance core competitiveness.

　　2. Adjust the target market to meet the change of market direction.

　　In a worse external environment, a large number of foreign trade enterprises are facing the challenge of exporting to domestic sales. Fortunately, the domestic demand market in China is constantly expanding, and new market demands are constantly emerging. Enterprises need to seize these opportunities, find the right market direction on the basis of their own operating advantages, and actively cater to the future development trend of emerging industries, such as offline to online, and seize opportunities such as Internet and platform transformation.

　　3. Maintain cash flow and persist in survival.

　　China’s role as a safe haven for financial assets is more obvious. Under the logic of economic development, China’s economy and assets are more attractive than before, and foreign capital continues to flow into China. It is obviously less difficult for China to stabilize its economy than other countries. Once the economy stabilizes, it is still possible for China to upgrade its position in the global economy, and continue to maintain the first position in the global consumer market scale and economic activity. At that time, China enterprises will also have broad demand again.

This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: Suning Financial Research Institute. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　Authors: Yang Haojie (Ph.D., Institute of Curriculum Textbooks, Ministry of Education) and He Chenggang (Researcher, Institute of Curriculum Textbooks, Ministry of Education)

　　Recently, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, together with the Ministry of Education, has published an Introduction to Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as "Introduction"), which is a key measure to further promote the introduction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era into teaching materials, into the classroom and into the mind, to better implement the fundamental task of educating people, and to meet the people’s needs for high-quality teaching materials. The publication of Introduction is an important event in the political life of the party and the country, an important event in the teaching work of teachers and a happy event in the study of hundreds of millions of young students. It is necessary to fully understand the great significance of the textbook Introduction in cultivating people with the innovative theory of the party, guiding young students to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, and striving to become a new person of the times who is responsible for national rejuvenation, highlighting the word "research" and further using the textbook well.

　　Adhere to the "three bases" and study the teaching materials in depth.

　　Introduction consists of three parts: introduction, 17 chapters and conclusion, which comprehensively reflects the latest achievements of the modernization of Marxism in China, great practice and great changes in the new era, and is a consensus research achievement in academic circles, with authority. The vast number of front-line teachers at all levels and schools in China should study textbooks, not only by reading one step first, but also by studying one level in depth, and even more by understanding one level in detail, so as to get into their minds and hearts.

　　First of all, based on the history of the party’s unity and leading the people for more than a hundred years, we should study the teaching materials comprehensively.Grasp the theme, main line and main content of the textbook "Introduction" as a whole, grasp the theoretical panorama of the latest achievements in the modernization of Marxism in China, and make sure that you really learn, believe and use it.

　　Secondly, based on the great practice and great changes in the new era in the past ten years, we should study the teaching materials in depth.Summarize and clarify the basic context of the textbook "Introduction", strengthen the thinking of historical logic in great practice, realistic logic in great change and theoretical logic in great achievements, so that history, reality and theory can "complement each other" in the textbook.

　　Thirdly, based on the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world for a hundred years, systematically study the teaching materials.Under the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, we will study and analyze the complex international situation and great risks and challenges we are facing with a developmental vision and a comparative attitude, deepen our understanding of the great struggle, great project, great cause and great dream of the Party leading the people in the new era, constantly enhance our road, theory, system and cultural identity, and strengthen our "four self-confidences".

　　Adhere to the "three unifications" and study textbooks on special topics.

　　The textbook "Introduction" adheres to the educational law, highlights the teaching orientation, pays attention to being close to the cognitive characteristics of young students, and adapts to the acceptance habits of young people. It is an essential book and core textbook for cultivating young students to become builders and successors of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and has applicability. As the first unified textbook that comprehensively and systematically expounds the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, colleges and universities across the country should adhere to the "three unifications" to organize special research textbooks, and generally explain the background and actual needs of the unified compilation of textbooks, the framework and theoretical innovation of textbook compilation, so as to provide scientific methodological guidance for teaching courses and using textbooks well.

　　First, we must adhere to the unity of politics and academic rationality.Deal with the dialectical relationship between firm ideals and beliefs and firm truth and beliefs. Believing in truth is the basis and premise of firm ideals and beliefs. Studying textbooks is to profoundly understand the truth power and practical power of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, strengthen Marxist beliefs, the lofty ideals of communism and the common ideals of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and further strengthen ideals and beliefs.

　　Second, we must adhere to the unity of value and knowledge.Deal with the dialectical relationship between the principle of reading the original text and learning the course materials. Studying the course materials should be combined with learning the basic principles of Marxism, the principle of reading the original text and learning the "five histories". We should not only learn the main contents of the teaching materials, but also grasp the ideological science system and understand the theoretical philosophy of truth contained in the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

　　Third, we must adhere to the unity of theory and practice.Dealing with the dialectical relationship between theoretical guidance and practical development, the purpose of learning is to apply it, and to talk about the theoretical value of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, guiding practical development to achieve historic changes and achievements in detail, so as to enhance the sense of practical acquisition, ability improvement and motivation of young people in the new era.

　　Adhere to the "three focuses" and organize research teaching materials

　　Introduction is an important achievement in promoting the construction of the teaching material system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics, which reflects the requirements for the integrated education of ideological and political courses in universities, primary and secondary schools, and provides a model for strengthening the construction and management of teaching materials in the new era. The professional research platform of national curriculum textbooks, the key research bases of textbook construction and the textbook research institutions in colleges and universities should gather capable forces to study the textbook Introduction, focus on the major theoretical and practical problems of textbook construction, sort out and summarize mature experiences, summarize and refine basic laws, and promote the construction of a high-quality textbook system to serve and support the high-quality development of education.

　　First, focus on the innovation of teaching material construction mechanism,Carefully sort out all the links in the whole process of management research for editing and reviewing the textbook Introduction, and study the innovative practices and effective experiences in the mechanism of the textbook Introduction from the aspects of writing needs, implementation plan, team formation, discussion and review, publication and use tracking, so as to create an era model for the construction and management of the textbook.

　　Second, focus on the realization of teaching materials to educate people.Accurately grasp the functional orientation of the textbook "Introduction" to cultivate new people in the era, and study the core leading role of the textbook "Introduction" in curriculum integration, teaching integration, evaluation integration and goal integration according to the requirements of ideological and political courses integration in universities, primary and secondary schools, so as to lay the foundation for the realization of all-round education, whole-process education and all-round education.

　　Third, focus on the construction of teaching material discourse system,Fully understand the theoretical value of "Introduction" as an important achievement in the construction of teaching material system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics, accelerate the strategic goal of building a discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics by benchmarking, study the active exploration of teaching materials in the construction of Marxist discourse system with China characteristics and times, and gradually highlight the China characteristics, China style and China style in the construction of teaching material discourse system.

　　The brand awareness of Haier refrigerator is very high. Many people have heard that Haier Commander Refrigerator and Haier Refrigerator are the same. What is the difference between Haier Commander Refrigerator and Haier Refrigerator? Why is the price gap so big? The following small series will give you a specific analysis. Let’s take a look.

　　Haier tongshuai refrigerator

　　Commander-in-Chief is the third sub-brand of Haier Group after Haier and casarte, and it is a customized home appliance brand launched by Haier Group under the background of the Internet era. In 1998, the commander-in-chief brand was exported to the European market as an overseas marketing platform.

　　Haier Group products have three brands, Haier, casarte and Commander-in-Chief. Haier refrigerator and Haier Commander refrigerator are both brands of Haier refrigerators, but they are put into different markets. Commander series belongs to Haier’s low-end and mid-end brands. In the early stage, home appliances went to the countryside as Commander refrigerators, and casarte series was the high-end brand of refrigerators.

　　The product appearance of Haier refrigerator and Haier commander refrigerator may be different. Haier staff said that Haier’s commander-in-chief brand and Haier brand refrigerator are the same in terms of development and production technology, but the brands are different and the materials of some refrigerators are different. The product quality is the same, and the commander-in-chief also provides product customization.

　　Generally, Haier refrigerators have refrigerator specification labels (or refrigerator nameplates) attached to the inner wall of the refrigerating room or the back of the refrigerator, which indicate the specifications, models (such as "BCD-216YH silver gray" for a 216-liter silver gray refrigerator), power, circuit diagram and so on. Haier’s products exclusively used in urban and rural areas are generally not fully labeled or not labeled at all, but the performance of the products is the same as other products. For the refrigerators exclusively used, only the refrigerators are more suitable for the supply and demand sides.

　　The difference between Haier commander refrigerator and Haier refrigerator is here for everyone. You should be able to distinguish between the two refrigerators now, and also introduce the relationship between them. In the future, you can clearly distinguish when buying Haier refrigerator. I hope the content introduced above can help those in need.

The 55th Golden Horse Poster

1905 movie network news Today, the main visual poster of the 55th Golden Horse Award was released, which once again firmly attracted the attention. This poster with blue and gold as the main color looks like staring at the sleeping sand dunes in the middle of the night from a distance. If you look closely, you will find that it is four faces lined up in turn. This poster was designed by Fang Xuzhong, the poster designer and visual director of the ceremony last year. It extends the concept of "everyone plays a supporting role in the film" and draws the facial contours of Ang Lee (Chairman of the Executive Committee of Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival), Hou Xiaoxian (Dean of Golden Horse Film Academy), Gong Li (Chairman of the Golden Horse Award Jury) and Xiao Ye (Judge of Golden Horse Venture Capital Conference) into dune shapes. The picture made up of tiny particles of light and shadow also seems to imply the ambiguous connection between retaining the instantaneous image with light and shadow and the passing time.

The main visual posters of the Golden Horse Awards pay attention to convey the understanding of Chinese movies with rich imagination and bold creativity, which has always been a highlight of the Golden Horse Awards. In recent years, almost all the main visual posters have paid tribute to Taiwan Province’s old films and filmmakers.

In 2017, the main visual posters of the 54th Golden Horse Awards were the "Shadow Idiot Edition" and "Fan Edition" posters with the stills of "Spring Breeze" as the main elements. The two posters project the pictures from the stills onto various screens to convey the real and illusory feeling brought by the film, which is similar to the 53rd brighter summer day designed by Huang Hai, in which the junior four illuminates the night sky with a flashlight to show that "the light of the film never goes out".

　"Shadow Idiot Edition" (54th edition) by square sequence

"Fan Edition" (54th session)

The 53rd Tribute to Guling Street by Yellow Sea

Even more amazing is the 50th Golden Horse, a Maggie Cheung-themed poster designed by Taiwan Province graphic designer Nie Yongzhen (who designed album covers for Jay Chou, Yoga Lin and others). The image of Maggie Cheung is partially cut to show different areas of the face, which means that the film is like a slice of time, so it can’t really keep time, so it can only intercept fragments.

　The 50th Maggie Cheung by Nie Yongzhen

In addition, it is worth noting that cartoonist Jimmy has designed the main visual poster for the Golden Horse Award twice. At the 39th Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival, he gathered his characters in the cinema and opened a small door under it. It not only means that the film blurs the boundary between reality and illusion, but also outlines the pleasant atmosphere of watching movies.

How many meters is the 39th by?

Another time was the 49th Golden Horse Award 10 years later. He created in oil painting for the first time in public and handed in three design drawings at one time. Two of them are a pair of dressed-up "hot horses and handsome horses", and the final picture is the picture of a little boy and a horse flying on the sea. According to Jimmy himself, this means "the pursuit of light and shadow".

　How many meters is the 49th by?

Next, please enjoy the main visual poster of the Golden Horse Award from 2008 to this decade &mdash; &mdash;

The 45th Session (2008), which rejected complexity and chose simple color blocks.

The 45th by Nie Yongzhen

　 　 　 　 　A camera head who is always running, 46th (2009)

The 46th by Wang Zhihong

　 　 　 　 　 Seconds of Glass Breaking, 47th (2010)

The 47th by Wang Zhihong

　 　 　 　Inspired by Hou Hsiao-hsien, the 48th session (2011) is based on the essential old camera which may be closer to gaze.

The 48th by Lin Xiaoyi (cover designer of Kawabata Yasunari series)

　 　 　 The Pursuit of Light and Shadow, 49th (2012)

The 51st by Xiao Qingyang (album cover artist)

　 　 　 　Chivalrous women with stick figures, hidden in gilded lines, 52nd (2015).

The 52nd, by Zhang Shuping.

　 　 　 　　"The Light of Movies: Looking Back, Illuminating Forward", 53rd (2016)

The 53rd Tribute to Guling Street by Yellow Sea

　 　 　 　To pay tribute to the 20th anniversary of the publication of "Spring Break", selected by Wong Kar-wai himself, the 54th (2017).

The 54th session　By square order

　 　 　 　 The 2018 Golden Horse Film Festival will be held from November 8 to 25.

　　According to the "Pinghu Release" WeChat WeChat official account news, the Office of the Leading Group for Prevention and Control of Pneumonia in Covid-19 City, pinghu city reported on the 11th that there were two new cases of COVID-19-positive infection in pinghu city from 20: 00 on April 10th to 16: 00 on April 11th, all of which were detected at centralized isolation points and were transferred to designated hospitals for isolation treatment in a closed loop. As of 16: 00 on April 11th, 13 cases of COVID-19-positive infection have been diagnosed in this round of epidemic in pinghu city.

　　Infected person 12: Li Moumou, now living in Building 1, Mingyue House, Anqiao Community, xinchang town.

　　April 4th.

　　13: 42 Near China Bank (Pinghu Xincang Sub-branch)

　　13: 54 xinchang town Baiguo Fresh Fruit (Luchuan Xinjie Branch)

　　13: 57 Near China Bank (Pinghu Xincang Sub-branch)

　　14: 20 xinchang town Mingyue House

　　18: 30 Xincang Town East Street

　　18: 40 xinchang town Mingyue House

　　April 5

　　11: 41 East Street of Xincang Town

　　16: 38 xinchang town Mingyue House

　　April 6

　　9: 31 xinchang town Cultural Square nucleic acid sampling point

　　9: 59 Xincang Town East Street

　　10: 19 xincang old food market qunqun grocery store

　　10: 24 xinchang town Bailaoquan Brewery (pinghu city Liu’s Brewery)

　　10: 30 xinchang town Mingyue House

　　14: 01 East Street of Xincang Town

　　16: 13 No.32 Hujiaqiao, Luchuan Community, xinchang town

　　16: 40 xinchang town Mingyue House

　　19: 44 Xiangyi Convenience Store (opposite to Pinghu Longdu Jiahua International Hotel)

　　19: 53 xinchang town Mingyue House

　　April 7th

　　5: 40 xinchang town Hongguang Village Garbage Transfer Station Site

　　10: 08 xinchang town Mingyue House

　　10: 48 xinchang town Luchuan community nucleic acid sampling point No.5 collection site

　　11: 02 xinchang town Mingyue House

　　12: 54 xinchang town Hongguang Village Garbage Transfer Station Site

　　13: 18 pinghu city Bamianxi Fresh Supermarket

　　13: 25 xinchang town Mingyue House

　　At 21: 27, it is transported to the isolation point for centralized isolation control.

　　Infected person 13: Meng Moumou, female, now lives in Building 1 of Huasheng Apartment in Qinsha Village, xinchang town.

　　April 5

　　11: 05 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　11: 18 Town East Street Public Toilet in Xincang

　　11: 40 Near the Cultural Auditorium of Shilu Village, xinchang town.

　　14: 14 nucleic acid sampling point near xinchang town Jiaxing Deyong Textile Co., Ltd.

　　14: 51 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　April 6

　　13: 52 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　14: 06 Town East Street Public Toilet in Xincang

　　14: 20 Near the Cultural Auditorium of Shilu Village, xinchang town

　　15: 43 at the entrance of Xincang Hualian Supermarket (Jianxin Road Store)

　　16: 00 Near the Cultural Auditorium of Shilu Village, xinchang town.

　　18: 38 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　April 7th

　　9: 44 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　10: 00 Xincang Town East Street Public Toilet

　　10: 35 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　12: 11 xinchang town Anqiao Community Party-mass Service Center nucleic acid sampling point

　　18: 58 Xincang Town East Street Public Toilet

　　20: 36 van booth at the entrance of xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　20: 41 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　April 8

　　7: 32 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　7: 38 xinchang town Qinshayuan Community East Gate Nucleic Acid Detection Point

　　8: 17 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　April 9

　　8: 17 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　8: 25 outside Qinshayuan, xinchang town

　　8: 45 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　18: 37 near Daiwei, xinchang town

　　18: 59 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　April 10th

　　6: 35 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　6: 38 xinchang town Qinshayuan nucleic acid sampling point

　　7: 29 xinchang town Huasheng Apartment

　　At 17: 00, it will be transported to the isolation point for centralized isolation control.

　　Please take the initiative to report to the unit, the village community or the hotel at the first time if you have contact with the person or have a track intersection at the above time and place, and cooperate with the flow adjustment and related health management measures. If you conceal, report late or make a false report, you will be investigated for relevant responsibilities according to law.

　　The general public are requested not to spread rumors, disbelieve in rumors or spread rumors, actively cooperate with epidemic prevention and control work, implement personal health protection measures, develop sanitary habits such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently, keeping a safe social distance, take the initiative to vaccinate Covid-19 vaccine, reduce the risk of infection and morbidity, and jointly build an immune barrier for the population.