State and municipal bureaus of industry and information technology, administrative committees of national development zones, and relevant enterprises:　

In order to implement the spirit of the Eleventh Plenary Session of the Tenth Provincial Party Committee and the Economic Work Conference of the Provincial Party Committee and the relevant arrangements of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Yunnan Province and the Outline of Long-term Goals for the Year 2035, in accordance with the requirements of the Provincial Committee for Deep Reform, Notice on Printing and Distributing the Work Account of the Provincial Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform in 2021 (No.2 [2021] of the Yunnan Provincial Committee for Reform), The Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology has studied and drafted the Action Plan of Yunnan Province for Rebuilding the New Advantages of Nonferrous Metals and New Materials Industry (Draft for Comment) (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan). On the basis of careful study and full consultation with the opinions of the people’s governments of various states (cities), relevant departments at the provincial level, relevant enterprises and relevant departments in the office, the draft was revised and improved, and it was expanded by the Party Group of the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology for the 31st time in 2021. The "Action Plan" is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it according to the actual situation.

Yunnan Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology

December 16, 2021

(This piece is publicly released)

Reshaping Non-ferrous Metals and New Materials by Whole Chain in Yunnan Province

Action plan for new industrial advantages

(2021-2023)

Non-ferrous metal industry is an important basic material industry, which plays an important role in economic construction, national defense and military industry, social development and stable employment. It has long been a pillar industry supporting Yunnan’s economic and social development, and has formed a relatively complete industrial system. The output of ten kinds of non-ferrous metals ranks in the top five in China, and the output of platinum group metals and rare precious metal materials of germanium, indium and titanium ranks first in China. The liquid metal and titanium industries have begun to take shape, but there are still some problems, such as declining resource support capacity, short industrial chain, low added value of technology and insufficient production and application of new materials. This action plan is formulated in order to implement the spirit of the 11th Plenary Session of the Tenth Provincial Party Committee, the Economic Work Conference of the Provincial Party Committee and the relevant arrangements of the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Yunnan Province and the Outline of Long-term Goals for the Year 2035, and accelerate the promotion of the whole chain to reshape the new advantages of non-ferrous metals and new materials industries.

I. General requirements

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will thoroughly implement the new development concept, focus on the eight-character policy of "consolidating, enhancing, upgrading and smoothing", take the consolidation of industrial basic capabilities as the foundation, support upstream, middle and lower reaches enterprises to strengthen industrial coordination and technical cooperation, focus on solving key common technical problems, and form an industrial chain with stronger innovation and higher added value in open cooperation. Focusing on "chain extension, chain supplement and chain strengthening", we will adhere to high-end, agglomeration and internationalization, vigorously develop the deep processing of green aluminum materials, build and improve the green silicon material industry system, focus on extending the downstream industrial chain of copper, lead and zinc, further enhance the scale and technical level of titanium industry, accelerate the progress of rare precious metals and new materials to the middle and high end, and promote the transformation of non-ferrous metals industry from raw materials to materials, so as to form a reliable resource support capability, complete and stable industrial chain, advanced technical level.

Second, the goal of action

By 2023, the self-sufficiency rate of raw materials (including self-owned resources outside the province) in the province’s non-ferrous metal industry will reach more than 50%, the output of ten non-ferrous metals will exceed 9 million tons, the conversion rate of local primary processing in the province will reach more than 45%, the output value of unit non-ferrous metal products will reach more than 70% of the national average, the level of intelligent, intensive and green development will be effectively improved, the total factor productivity and product quality will be significantly improved, the core competitiveness of enterprises will be significantly enhanced, and the main business income will be increased. Among them:

-In terms of industrial scale, the copper industry exceeded 80 billion yuan, the aluminum industry exceeded 150 billion yuan, the silicon industry exceeded 120 billion yuan, the lead and zinc industry exceeded 60 billion yuan, the tin industry exceeded 40 billion yuan, and the rare and precious metal industry exceeded 50 billion yuan.

-In terms of intensive development, the main business income of six leading enterprises, including China Copper, Yunnan Aluminum, Yunnan Hongtai, Longji, Yunxi Holdings and Precious Metals Group, accounted for more than 50% of the province’s non-ferrous metal industry.

—— In terms of green development, the proportion of non-ferrous metal enterprises passing cleaner production audit is over 20%, the number of green factories at provincial level and above is over 20, and the energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value is down by over 10% compared with 2020.

-In terms of intelligent development, the numerical control rate of key processes in smelting and processing is over 45%, and efforts are made to build more than 30 intelligent manufacturing demonstration enterprises (factories and workshops).

—— In terms of high-end development, China Green Aluminum Valley, Photovoltaic Capital, Rare and Precious Metal New Material Industry Base, Green New Titanium Valley and Liquid Metal Valley have been initially built, and the output value of new materials in the non-ferrous metal industry accounts for more than 15%.

-In terms of technological innovation, more than 10 enterprise technology centers at or above the provincial level and more than 5 manufacturing innovation centers have been added, and the R&D investment intensity has reached more than 1%, with an average annual increase of more than 100 patents.

Third, the key work

(A) multi-dimensional reshaping of resource advantages

1. Improve the level of comprehensive development and utilization of mineral resources and comprehensive utilization rate, encourage and guide mining enterprises to continuously improve the level of "three rates" (mining recovery rate, mineral processing recovery rate and comprehensive utilization rate), strengthen the development and utilization of medium and low-grade ores and refractory metallurgical ores, and make comprehensive utilization of associated ores, especially germanium, gallium, indium, thallium and strontium in large deposits such as coal, tin, lead, zinc, tungsten and copper.

2. Accelerate the construction of renewable non-ferrous metal industrial base, and strive to improve the comprehensive utilization level of secondary resources such as tailings, waste ore, dust and waste residue, so as to realize comprehensive recovery of valuable elements and relegation, upgrading and reuse.

3 encourage enterprises to "go global", actively participate in the development and utilization of high-quality mineral resources outside the province and abroad, and ensure the stable supply capacity of resources.

(2) Create the characteristic advantages of green aluminum industry

1. Promote the projects under construction to be put into production as soon as possible; Scientifically and steadily promote the proposed project; Further strengthen investment attraction, introduce and cultivate a number of chain owners, leading backbone enterprises and supporting enterprises, strive to achieve aluminum alloy and aluminum processing capacity of more than 8 million tons, expand industrial scale advantages, accelerate the extension to intensive processing and terminal manufacturing, and promote the construction of 2-3 zero-carbon green aluminum industrial parks.

2. Accelerate the construction of supporting deep processing projects of Wenshan Green Aluminum Innovation Industrial Park, such as Shandong Innovation, Jiangsu Kailong, Zouping New Sanyuan Aluminum, Jiangyin Tianyang Metal Products, and vigorously introduce enterprises with technical advantages in the fields of aluminum alloy lightweight material design, processing, manufacturing and application, actively extend to high-end deep aluminum alloy processing, accelerate the development of downstream products such as building aluminum, packaging aluminum and equipment aluminum, and continuously enrich the varieties of aluminum deep processing products. Focus on the development of high-end new materials such as automobile body panels, aluminum for rail transit, building templates, aluminum alloy panels, new energy power battery foils, forged aluminum wheels, aluminum welding wires, etc., to create the advantages of deep processing of green aluminum materials.

(C) Building the advantages of green silicon industry chain

1. Promote the merger and reorganization of small and scattered industrial silicon enterprises in Dehong, Baoshan, Nujiang and Lincang through market-oriented means, withdraw from inefficient production capacity, improve the technical level of process equipment, improve industrial concentration, and strengthen the guarantee advantages of basic raw materials in silicon industry.

2. Accelerate the construction of the 150,000-ton/year high-purity crystalline silicon project of Yunnan Tongwei High-purity Crystalline Silicon Co., Ltd., ensure that the first phase of 50,000 tons will be put into production in 2021, start the second phase of 60,000 tons simultaneously, and complete all the project construction before the end of 2023; Focusing on the protection of polysilicon materials in the province, we will attract investment, and strive to land another 150,000 tons of polysilicon production capacity before the end of 2022. The planned production capacity of polysilicon in the province will reach 300,000 tons, forming the advantage of local supply of silicon materials.

3. Implement the existing project investment agreement, rapidly promote the construction of Longji Qujing Phase II, Baoshan Phase IV, Lijiang Phase III, Chuxiong Phase III and Qujing Sunshine Phase III, Qujing Jing ‘ao Phase II and Chuxiong Yuze Phase II, strengthen communication and docking with the enterprises under discussion, and strive to reach an agreement as soon as possible. By the end of 2023, the production capacity of monocrystalline silicon rods and wafers will be 170GW (GW) and 162GW (GW) respectively, further enhancing the scale advantage in the field of monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic materials.

4. Accelerate the construction of the 20GW (Jiwa) battery project of Jingke Energy Chuxiong and the 30GW (Jiwa) battery project of Longji Le Ye Qujing, and start the 20GW (Jiwa) photovoltaic module project of Longji Qujing as soon as possible, so as to form the production capacity of 50GW (Jiwa) batteries and 20GW (Jiwa) modules by the end of 2023 and build the advantages of upstream and downstream coordinated development.

5. Relying on the existing industrial base and resource distribution, through the transformation and upgrading of existing enterprises and attracting investment, 1.6 million tons of photovoltaic glass production projects and moderate-scale photovoltaic silver paste will be laid out in Kunming, Qujing, Zhaotong and other cities, and 50 million sets of aluminum frame production capacity for modules will be laid out in Qujing to guide and support the construction of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) backplane projects in Kunming to meet the demand for key accessories for 20GW (GW) photovoltaic modules.

6. Accelerate the construction of the 800,000-ton silicone project of Hesheng Silicon Industry and the 400,000-ton silicone project of Nengtou Chemical Zhanyi, simultaneously carry out investment promotion and supporting the development of silicone oil, silane, silica gel and downstream deep-processing products, and form at least 800,000 tons of silicone monomer and downstream processing production capacity by the end of 2023, thus forming the advantages of the silicon chemical industry chain.

(4) Consolidate and enhance the traditional advantages of copper, tin, lead and zinc.

1. Copper industry. Taking China copper industry as the core, relying on the existing copper smelting capacity in Kunming, Chuxiong, Yuxi and Honghe, we will speed up the digital and green transformation and upgrading of copper mines in Diqing, Pu ‘er and Yuxi, promote the relocation and transformation of copper smelting and processing supporting industries in Yunnan and Wang Jiaqiao, and upgrade and transform the cathode copper with an annual output of 200,000 tons in Dongchuan Jinshui Copper. The refined copper output is stable at over 6.5% in the whole country, and maintain the advantages of capacity scale and advanced technology in copper smelting. Relying on the core copper smelting enterprises in central Yunnan, we will attract investment around the directions of "copper for electronics industry, copper for household appliances, copper for power and electrical industry, copper for transportation industry, copper for construction industry, copper for lead-free environmental protection industry, copper for copper alloy powder industry and copper for military industry". We will promote the construction of a number of projects with an annual output of 250,000 tons of low-oxygen bright copper poles, electrified railway overhead conductors, precision alloy copper wires, precision control cables, high-performance alloy copper, 100,000 tons of precision copper wires and 40,000 tons of precision copper foil. By the end of 2023, the conversion rate of copper materials in the province will reach more than 40%, which will enhance the competitive advantage in the downstream of the copper industry chain.

2. Tin industry. Encourage enterprises such as Tin Industry Co., Ltd., Chengfeng Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. and independent mining and metallurgy to further improve the concentration of tin smelting through mergers and acquisitions. The tin smelting capacity in the province will be controlled within 150,000 tons, and the capacity and output will be kept above 50% of the whole country. Encourage related enterprises mainly holding Yunxi to actively carry out the combination of production and finance, production and trade, and realize the control of global tin concentrate resources and the control of tin ingot metal sales channels by 2023 through investment, trade and other forms. Further enlarge and strengthen the subdivision fields such as tin bars, tin powder, solder paste, tin wire, tin foil, tin sheet, tin chemical industry, solder chemical industry, BGA (ball grid array package) solder balls, etc., and focus on the development of tin alloy, tin wire, solder paste, preformed solder sheets (high-clean solder sheets, Suk Kim solder sheets) and BGA (ball grid array package) solder balls, so as to achieve the tin powder production capacity of 1,500 by 2023. Organotin thermal stabilizers, organotin catalysts, organotin intermediates, new tin-based flame retardants, environmentally-friendly tin-based electroplating solutions, high-quality sodium stannate, high-grade tin dioxide and other products will form a production capacity of 26,000 tons/year in 2023 (including 11,000 tons of inorganic tin and 15,000 tons of organotin), continuously improving the advantages of complete specifications and varieties of tin-based materials. By 2023,Organic tin and inorganic tin each have at least two individual products to become domestic peer champions; Solder paste, superfine wire, BGA (ball grid array package) solder balls, etc. have entered the top three in domestic counterparts, and tin dioxide and butyl tin products have entered the top three in the world.

3. Lead and zinc industry. Relying on the leading enterprises in the industry, we will promote the construction of "China Lead and Zinc Industry Platform" in Yunnan, promote the concentration of lead and zinc industry clusters, improve quality and increase efficiency, accelerate the construction of Jinding zinc industry transformation and upgrading project, form an annual production capacity of 200,000 tons of electrolytic zinc and 50,000 tons of zinc extension products in Nujiang, and promote the relocation and transformation of 100,000 tons of electrolytic zinc ingots in Yunnan copper and zinc industry; Further technical transformation to upgrade the lead smelting process of revitalizing 100,000 tons of lead industry and 60,000 tons of lead smelting in Mengzi Mining and Metallurgical Company and Red Lead Company, and accelerate the popularization of Xiangyun Feilong wet lead smelting process technology; The lead and zinc smelting capacity of the whole province is controlled at about 2.5 million tons, the lead output is kept above 6% and the zinc output is kept above 20% in the whole country, consolidating the scale advantage of production capacity. Accelerate the cultivation and investment promotion to develop the downstream processing and application industries of lead and zinc, focus on extending and perfecting the lead industrial chain from three aspects: lead-based alloy, lead chemical industry and recycled lead, and extend and improve the zinc industrial chain from three aspects: zinc plating, zinc-based alloy and zinc chemical products, and strive to achieve a processing conversion rate of more than 30% in lead and zinc province by the end of 2023, initially forming the advantages of the whole lead and zinc industrial chain.

(5) Cultivate new advantages of titanium industry.

Take the leading enterprises in the industry as the core, promote the adjustment of titanium dioxide industrial structure, adopt the route of combining chlorination with advanced clean sulfuric acid production technology, accelerate the technical transformation and capacity expansion project of 200,000 tons of chlorinated titanium dioxide, 160,000 tons of chlorinated titanium slag, 50,000 tons of titanium dioxide in Longteng Titanium Industry and 40,000 tons of special rutile titanium dioxide in Donghao Titanium Industry, develop titanium dioxide products with high performance, high added value and strong specificity, and import substitute products, extend the development of coatings and paints industries, and establish. Accelerate the technological transformation project of intelligent manufacturing of rotor-grade sponge titanium with an annual output of 30,000 tons of Yunnan titanium metal, and realize the stable output of aerospace-grade sponge titanium; Give full play to the advantages of smelting technology in Yunnan titanium industry, develop a variety of titanium alloy models, further consolidate the market advantages of low-cost titanium strips and plates, accelerate the industrialization of bars and pipes, and gradually promote the production of die forgings and machined parts; Attracting investment and introducing downstream enterprises, while developing medical devices such as artificial joints, prostheses, dentures, active heart valves and bone fixation clips, we will vigorously develop household articles such as titanium cookware, tableware, water utensils and health accessories, and accelerate the cultivation of new advantages in titanium material processing and application industry.

(six) to create a leading edge in the rare and precious metal new materials industry.

1. Precious metal new materials. Relying on the leading enterprises in the industry, we will speed up the research and development and industrialization of key technologies such as the recovery of platinum, palladium and rhodium from failed automobile catalysts, the comprehensive recovery of rhodium, iridium and ruthenium from complex wastes, and the enrichment of platinum group metals by alkaline treatment of alumina carrier catalysts, and strive to break through 30 tons of platinum group metals in the province by the end of 2023. Accelerate the development of functional materials such as precious metal wires, evaporation materials, sputtering targets, electric vacuum devices, mesh materials, electric vacuum solders, precision alloys, electric contact materials, preformed solder tabs, micro-nano metal solder paste, etc. around the fields of chip manufacturing, third-generation semiconductors, aerospace and high-end equipment manufacturing; Facing the new generation of electronic information, 5G communication and other industries, we will promote the research and development of core substrate materials, electronic pastes and their basic materials (glass powder, ceramic powder, precious metal powder and organic carriers), and realize the industrialization of electronic pastes for low-temperature co-fired ceramics, electronic pastes for 5G communication components, photovoltaic materials and other products as soon as possible; Promote the industrialization of new precursors, new molecular catalysts, main salts for electroplating and platinum group metal organic complexes around the needs of pharmaceutical, chemical and fine chemical industries; Facing the requirements of high efficiency and cleanliness of engine technology, high heat and low carbonization, electrification and high efficiency and intensification of exhaust aftertreatment technology in the post-National Six era, a new generation of National Six catalyst products meeting the requirements of RDE (actual driving pollutant emission), lean combustion and mixing will be formed; Aim at meeting that development demand of high-end chemical new material industry,As soon as possible, the large-scale production capacity of propane/cyclohexane dehydrogenation platinum catalyst, nitrobenzene hydrogenation to aniline palladium platinum carbon black catalyst, gas-phase carbonyl synthesis of dimethyl carbonate hydrogenation palladium catalyst, hydrogen chloride oxidation to chlorine ruthenium catalyst and other materials will be formed; Based on the demand of environmental pollution control, accelerate the development of anti-sulfide VOCs (volatile organic compounds) catalysts, large-scale honeycomb metal carrier VOCs (volatile organic compounds) catalysts and industrial wastewater treatment catalysts; Seize the development opportunity of new energy automobile industry and accelerate the development of long-acting anode catalytic materials for direct methanol fuel cells, high-performance catalytic materials for hydrogen fuel cells and membrane electrodes. We will further consolidate our leading position in the field of precious metals and new materials in China by giving full play to the core competitive advantages of "Industry-University-Research uses" and "new materials manufacturing+recycling" circular economy.

2. Rare metals and new materials. Focus on developing special high-end new material series products monopolized by foreign countries, and do intensive processing of strong light electronic microelectronics materials. Accelerate the development of Pioneer (Kunming) New Materials Science and Technology Industrial Park, Yunnan Germanium Industry 8-inch germanium monochip, 4-6-inch silicon carbide monochip, 6-inch semi-insulating gallium arsenide monochip, 4-6-inch indium phosphide monochip, 13N ultra-high purity germanium monochip, 4-inch gallium antimonide monochip, 7N high-purity element (gallium, indium, arsenic and phosphorus) material industrialization and electronic-grade germanium tetrafluoride isotope separation production line. Yunxi Holdings has an annual output of 5000KK (one million chips) Suk Kim solder paste production line, 500 tons photovoltaic silver paste production line, 200,000 KK (one million chips) solder ball production line, 1,000 tons microelectronic tin and tin alloy electroplating chemicals production line, 50 tons ultra-fine solder powder (6#, 7# and 8#) development and production line, and industrialization of high-purity metal materials (tin, tin alloy). Red River Arsenic Industry has an annual output of 50 tons of high-purity arsenic for semiconductors, 500 tons of zinc arsenide series products for semiconductors, 50 tons of ITO (indium tin oxide) and 30 tons of AZO (zinc aluminum oxide) high-performance targets in Yunnan. By 2023, the deep processing rate of locally melted germanium ingots and crude indium will reach 60% and 50% respectively, and the primary products of selenium, tellurium, cadmium and gallium will be rationally utilized to build a leading industrial base of rare metals and new materials in China.

3. New liquid metal materials. Taking the leading enterprises in the industry as the core and relying on the established provincial-level liquid metal R&D innovation and standard setting platform, Accelerate the construction of 2 million pieces/year liquid metal orthopedic external fixation products project of Zhongxuan Liquid Metal Technology Co., Ltd., 300 tons/year liquid metal alloy preparation and 150 tons/year liquid metal welding material project, 100,000 square meters LED (light emitting diode) smart glass project, and industrialization project of precision positioning main grid composite materials and components for high-power photovoltaic cell components. Start projects such as liquid metal shielding materials, liquid metal conductive slip rings, 20-ton liquid metal conductive adhesive production line, 100,000 sets/year of liquid metal power equipment, and 10 tons/year of liquid metal magnetic fluid as soon as possible. Liquid metal magnetic fluid will make every effort to build a liquid metal laboratory or national laboratory, a national innovation center for liquid metal manufacturing, a national quality inspection center for liquid metal products, a demonstration base for liquid metal industry, and a base for setting standards for liquid metal, so as to promote Zhongxuan Company to become a demonstrator and an industry standard for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in liquid metal.

4. New rare earth materials. Accelerate the smelting and separation project of 5,000 tons of rare earth oxides in Minmetals, strive to start construction in 2022, simultaneously attract investment, and develop rare earth polishing materials that meet the application requirements of liquid crystal, silicon wafer and high-grade glass substrate polishing, and meet the needs of wind power, solar power generation, hydrogen energy and new energy vehicles. Rare earth magnetic materials that meet the application requirements of aerospace, rail transit, new energy vehicles, industrial robots, medical devices, etc., ultra-high purity rare earth metals and their compounds that meet the application requirements of high-end electronic devices and chips, functional crystals, integrated circuits, infrared detection, fuel cells, special alloys, ceramic capacitors, etc.

(7) Cultivate and build advantageous industrial clusters.

With national and provincial development zones as the carrier and leading enterprises in the industry as the core, we will encourage and guide small and medium-sized enterprises to carry out various forms of economic and technological cooperation with leading enterprises in the industry, establish stable cooperation and supporting relations in supply, production and sales, improve the level of specialization and cooperation, improve the industrial chain, build innovation chain, upgrade the value chain, promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises with "specialization and innovation", and build a number of non-ferrous metal advantageous industrial clusters with coordinated development. Focus on cultivating and building green aluminum industrial clusters in Kunming (Yangzonghai), Zhaotong (Zhaoyang), Qujing (Zhanyi and Fuyuan), Wenshan (Yanshan, Wenshan and Funing), Honghe (Jianshui, Gejiu and Luxi), Dali (Heqing), Zhaotong (Zhaoyang), Qujing (Economic Development Zone and Zhanyi). Qujing (Economic Development Zone, Huize), Honghe (Gejiu), Wenshan (Maguan), Dali (Xiangyun) and Nujiang (Lanping) lead and zinc industrial clusters, Honghe (Gejiu) and Kunming (Economic Development Zone) tin and tin-based new material industrial clusters, Chuxiong (Wuding, Lufeng) and Kunming (Fumin) titanium and titanium-based. By the end of 2023, the output value of key industrial clusters will account for more than 80% of the output value of non-ferrous metals industry in the province.

(eight) to carry out collaborative innovation

Relying on scientific research institutes, universities and leading enterprises in the industry, through the implementation and promotion of material genetic engineering, we will cultivate and build a number of innovative platforms and technology research and development, production and application demonstration and testing service institutions at or above the provincial level. Focus on cultivating and building innovative platforms such as development and application of high-efficiency utilization technology for refractory ores, research and development of rare and rare precious metal materials, research and development of metal functional materials, research and development of new structural materials, development of new energy and optoelectronic materials, development and application of new environmental protection and rare earth materials, and building Yunnan laboratories for industrial innovation such as new rare and precious metal materials, deep processing of tin and indium, and alloy aluminum. Encourage all kinds of innovative subjects to improve their original innovation, integrated innovation, introduction, digestion, absorption, re-innovation and collaborative innovation, and break through a number of key core technologies in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction, consumption reduction and efficiency improvement, quality improvement, integration of industrialization and industrialization, and new materials. Encourage enterprises to set up enterprise research institutes, industrial technology research institutes and industrial innovation alliances, and unite domestic and foreign scientific research institutions, universities and upstream and downstream enterprises to solve key technical problems faced in transformation and upgrading. Accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements through ways and mechanisms such as science and technology market, technology shareholding and participation of scientific and technological elements in distribution.

(9) Promote green manufacturing.

Adhere to the concept of source reduction, process control and end cycle, promote the construction of green mines, enhance green manufacturing capacity and improve the green development level of the whole process. Encourage the use of existing advanced copper and lead smelting process facilities to treat waste copper and waste battery lead paste, and support the joint production of lead smelting and battery. Support leading enterprises and growth enterprises such as Honghe Arsenic Industry Co., Ltd. to speed up the introduction and integrated innovation of new technologies and equipment, and carry out resource recovery, reduction and harmless disposal of non-ferrous by-products containing arsenic, so as to provide support for the green and sustainable development of non-ferrous metal industry. Continue to implement the pilot demonstration of green manufacturing system construction, strengthen cleaner production audit, promote enterprises to implement cleaner production technology transformation, and promote energy conservation and emission reduction and the popularization and application of low-carbon technologies and products. Improve the comprehensive utilization of tailings resources and underground thermal energy and the level of resource utilization of smelting slag, waste gas, waste liquid and waste heat. Make full use of "internet plus", rely on the demonstration base of "urban minerals" and the processing park of imported renewable resources, innovate the recycling mode, improve the domestic recycling and trading system, break through the common key technologies such as intelligent identification and sorting of renewable resources, metallurgical separation, impurity control and harmless treatment of toxic elements, and improve the recovery, relegation, upgrading and reuse of valuable elements.

(10) Developing intelligent manufacturing.

With the enterprise as the main body, the market as the guidance and the application as the core, we will transform the existing production lines around the modes of process intelligent manufacturing, network collaboration, large-scale personalized customization and remote operation and maintenance services, promote the transformation of production methods to intelligence, flexibility and refinement, and carry out pilot demonstrations of intelligent manufacturing in the non-ferrous metal industry. In the mining fields of copper mine, lead-zinc mine, bauxite mine, tin mine, gold mine, etc., we will promote complete sets of intelligent collaborative mining technology system and main equipment, integrate spatial information, environmental information and positioning and navigation information, build digital mines relying on leading enterprises in the industry and carry out industry demonstrations. In the fields of smelting of copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, tin and indium, and deep processing of copper, aluminum, tin and indium, we will implement integrated innovation and pilot demonstration of smart factories, build an Internet of Things platform, realize the interconnection of production factors of enterprises, encourage the construction of a big data platform for non-ferrous metals industry, and integrate upstream and downstream information and resources of the industry; Build an enterprise cloud platform, promote the use of ERP (enterprise resource planning), MES (manufacturing enterprise production process execution system) and energy management system based on cloud services, and open up isolated islands between systems; Implement virtual simulation and visualization services to optimize production technology and production indicators; Remote monitoring and mobile monitoring technology based on industrial cloud can realize digitalization of equipment maintenance and intelligent production fault diagnosis, and improve the safety, stability and optimal input-output ratio of production system; Promote enterprises to improve their intelligence level in optimizing process, energy saving and emission reduction, quality control and traceability, and safe production, and improve their ability to meet users’ needs quickly and at low cost.

Fourth, safeguard measures

(A) to strengthen organizational leadership

The state and municipal bureaus of industry and information technology should further improve their political positions, establish a working mechanism in which the main leaders personally grasp, the leaders in charge specifically grasp, and the business departments fully grasp, comprehensively grasp the optimization, upgrading, transformation and upgrading of the non-ferrous metal industry within their respective jurisdictions, strengthen cooperation with relevant units, make concerted efforts, and form a joint force to ensure the effectiveness of the work.

(B) to strengthen investment.

Relying on the industrial spatial layout planning, guided by "extending chain, supplementing chain and strengthening chain", we will keep a close eye on the developed areas such as Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Bohai Rim, and the top 500 enterprises and leading enterprises in the international and domestic industries. The provincial departments will take the lead and carry out special investment promotion with the people’s governments of relevant cities and counties, strengthen the protection of land, electricity, water supply, gas supply and logistics and transportation, and make good agreements and agreements. Support domestic and foreign advantageous enterprises to invest in the development of non-ferrous metal industry in Yunnan in various ways, actively undertake the transfer of non-ferrous metal industry in the eastern and central regions, vigorously develop the deep processing industry of non-ferrous metals, focus on building a number of industrial clusters with obvious characteristics and advantages, promote the improvement of industrial technology and equipment, energy conservation and emission reduction, and promote the development of supporting industries.

(3) Increase fiscal and taxation financial support.

1. Study and set up the Yunnan Nonferrous Metals Industry Chain Reconstruction Development Fund, support the leading enterprises in the industry to speed up the merger and acquisition of enterprises in the industry chain, actively participate in the development and utilization of high-quality mineral resources outside the province and overseas upstream, improve the ability to guarantee mineral resources, actively integrate high-quality enterprises in deep processing of materials and equipment manufacturing downstream, attract high-quality enterprises and high-quality projects to land in Yunnan, and comprehensively improve the integrity, stability, technical level and profitability of the industrial chain.

2. Relying on the provincial special funds for industrial and information development, enterprises will be rewarded for extending the chain, strengthening the chain, and developing green, intelligent and high-end, and certain funds will be awarded for projects that have passed the acceptance of cleaner production enterprises, been certified by green factories at or above the provincial level, implemented high-end non-ferrous materials and downstream processing applications, engaged in downstream deep processing of non-ferrous metals, and achieved zero carbon emission, and built smart factories (workshops) and digital mines.

3. Implement the preferential tax policies for the large-scale development of the western region, conscientiously do a good job in the investigation and registration of relevant enterprises for the green silicon industry, green aluminum industry and non-ferrous metal deep processing industry listed in the catalogue of encouraged industries in the western region, and actively inform and provide good services to those who meet the conditions to help enterprises reduce their tax burden.

4. Encourage banking financial institutions to strengthen cooperation with leading enterprises in non-ferrous metals industry, provide credit support for leading enterprises and their upstream and downstream enterprises, and reduce the financing costs of non-ferrous enterprises by reducing fees and interest rates and providing quality financial services. Support qualified non-ferrous enterprises to raise the proportion of direct financing through equity and creditor’s rights financing, actively introduce various domestic and foreign low-cost funds, and reduce the financing cost of enterprises. Support and guide financial institutions to innovate credit products, increase credit investment in non-ferrous metals industries, and effectively implement credit policies to support private and small and medium-sized enterprises.

(D) Actively expand market applications.

In-depth research on the demand of surrounding areas and overseas markets, actively explore and cultivate downstream markets, promote the rapid development of various processing and manufacturing industries such as equipment manufacturing, hardware and electrical machinery, light industry, textiles and clothing, provide markets for non-ferrous metal new materials industries, and support each other and grow together. Encourage non-ferrous metal industry and downstream application industry to strengthen cooperation in design, production, use and maintenance, establish a consultation and cooperation mechanism led by industry associations, with the participation of upstream and downstream enterprises and relevant parties, solve bottlenecks such as technology, product quality and engineering construction standards that restrict product application, expand consumption areas and space, focus on promoting copper consumption upgrading in the fields of 5G, new energy vehicles, charging piles and water pipes for buildings, and fully tap aluminum in transportation, new energy vehicles and electronic appliances.

(5) Accelerate the introduction and training of talents.

We will implement the relevant policies for introducing high-level talents, and vigorously cultivate and introduce industry leading talents, high-level scientific and technological talents and senior management talents. Develop professional vocational education and focus on cultivating a group of highly skilled talents. Strengthen the demand forecast of industrial and technical talents, build a number of professional training bases based on relevant institutions of higher learning, vocational colleges and technical schools, and carry out selection and recognition of high-skilled talents and vocational skills competitions. Give full play to the advantages of creative space, encourage all kinds of talents to participate in modern service industries such as project research and development, technical research and technical consultation, and provide a socialized scientific and technological innovation support system for the development of non-ferrous metal industry.

(six) do a good job in industry self-discipline.

Strengthen the support and guidance of industry management departments, give full play to the bridge role of industry associations in the field of non-ferrous metal new materials industry, organize research on key common technologies in the industry, and guide enterprises to abide by laws and regulations, standardize operations, be honest and trustworthy, and compete fairly. Build a bridge between the government and enterprises, sum up and popularize advanced experience, timely reflect the demands of enterprises, feedback the implementation of policies, and put forward relevant policy suggestions to promote the high-quality development of non-ferrous metal industry.

(seven) to strengthen the ecological environment protection and safety management.

We will fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control, take measures such as promoting enterprises to adopt advanced equipment and technology, eliminating backward production capacity, promoting environmental protection transformation and upgrading of old pollution sources, implementing "replacing coal with electricity" and "replacing coal with gas", accelerating the ultra-low emission and energy-saving transformation of coal-fired power plants, and promoting the revolution of bulk goods into iron. Through the implementation of regional emission reduction measures, we will further reduce pollutant emissions, free up environmental capacity, and create conditions for the landing of new projects in non-ferrous metals industry. Strengthen the publicity and implementation of industry standards and norms, and enhance their supporting and promoting role in safety production; Supervise and urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility, increase investment in safety technological transformation, adopt advanced technology and equipment, reduce safety risks and eliminate hidden dangers of accidents; Promote the wide application of Internet, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other technologies in the field of safety production, and improve the intrinsic safety level of enterprises by means of intelligence and informationization.

　　Cctv news Lancome, Saint Laurent YSL, helena rubinstein HR, Armani … these well-known brands are all owned by L ‘Oreal Group. On the morning of February 21st, "New Era and New Opportunities — — The online theme promotion activity of "Multinational Enterprises in China" came to the headquarters of L ‘Oré al North Asia. In an interview, Fabry, President of L ‘Oré al North Asia and CEO of China, said that L ‘Oré al has been close to consumers for 25 years and is looking forward to more sparks with the consumer market in China.

　　Fashion and beauty combine the feast of sight and smell.

"Floating in Time and Space" in Shanghai Exhibition Center: the world’s first exhibition of Armani Gaoding’s private fragrance

　　"Floating in time and space — — The first exhibition of Armani Gaoding Fragrance in the world was recently exhibited in the West Hall of Shanghai Exhibition Center. In this limited-time feast of fashion and beauty, several sets of rare Armani haute couture fashions were presented, which complemented the perfume bottles with corresponding smells.

　　It is reported that the exhibition receives 2,000-2,500 visitors every day, and the exhibition will last until February 26th, and then move to South Korea, France and other places to continue the "global tour".

　　Fabry said that in the past few years, L ‘Oré al has made due contributions to the recovery and development of China’s consumer market. The world premiere of Armani in Shanghai not only reflects the strong resilience of China’s economy, but also reflects L ‘Oré al’s confidence and determination to develop in China.

　　"We will continue to create beauty, move China consumers and enlighten the world."

　　Technology empowerment seizes the new opportunity of personalized beauty.

　　Less than 500 meters away from the exhibition is the headquarters building of L ‘Oré al Group in North Asia. Since L ‘Oré al entered the China market in 1997, it currently operates 31 brands in China.

　　Fei Borui said that diversification is the next development trend of the beauty industry. Consumers are not limited to "one thousand people" who only choose a single product. In the future, more diversified choices and expressions will realize "one person and one thousand faces". How to meet the needs of consumers more accurately will bring great business opportunities to the development of L ‘Oré al beauty and technology.

L ‘Oré al staff demonstrated the intelligent colorimeter of "lipstick printer"

　　It is understood that L ‘Oré al has made its debut in China International Import Expo(CIIE) for five years in a row, exhibiting 16 new international brands and a number of personalized beauty technologies, and its influence on new products is constantly expanding to the whole country.

　　Investment overweight is full of confidence in Shanghai’s development.

　　"Shanghai naturally has some of the most cutting-edge characteristics of beauty consumption." Fei Borui said that Shanghai has good prospects in innovation, consumption and economic growth, and he is full of confidence in Shanghai’s development.

Fabry (right), President of L ‘Oré al North Asia and CEO of China, was interviewed.

　　Over the years, L ‘Oré al has witnessed the continuous development and evolution of Shanghai, and in the process, L ‘Oré al has also deeply felt the strong support of the Shanghai government and relevant institutions. L ‘Oré al has always maintained close cooperation with the government and received a lot of support from the policy level, thus bringing more innovation to consumers. At the China International Import Expo(CIIE) in 2019, L ‘Oré al demonstrated the personalized service of Xiuliko Essence. In this year’s pilot project in Pudong, the personalized service of Xiuliko Essence will be listed in China; In 2022, the clean workshop of L ‘Oré al Suzhou Factory was officially launched, and the foundation stone of the world’s first self-built intelligent operation center was launched in Suzhou, which is expected to be officially put into operation in September this year; In addition, L ‘Oré al also set up its first investment company in China market — — Shanghai Meicifang Investment Co., Ltd. will strengthen co-creation with China’s industry partners.

　　"The fields that China is developing are in perfect harmony with the fields that L ‘Oré al can contribute to," Fabry said. L ‘Oré al has been witnessing the opening of the market and the demand for policies. During the gradual recovery of the consumer market in China, L ‘Oré al is very much looking forward to colliding with Shanghai for more innovation sparks.

Cctv newsRecently, sporadic cases have appeared in many places in China, and the situation of epidemic prevention and control in winter is grim. There is still more than one month before the Spring Festival. In order to reduce the large-scale personnel flow during the Spring Festival, recently, many places across the country issued the initiative of "not returning home during the Spring Festival" to encourage enterprises and institutions to arrange flexible vacations and celebrate the New Year on the spot when conditions permit.

Do not return home unless necessary.

As the Spring Festival approaches, the domestic epidemic prevention and control work is facing a big test of personnel mobility and gathering.

On December 25, 2020, the Beijing conference on epidemic prevention and control mentioned that "it is not necessary to leave Beijing, and it is not necessary to leave the country", and the citizens are encouraged to spend the New Year in Beijing. The cadres of the party and government organs take the lead in celebrating the holidays in Beijing, and those who really need to leave Beijing must be strictly examined and approved.

The Shanghai Health Promotion Center also reminds the general public to arrange their trips reasonably during the Spring Festival, and not to travel unless necessary, so as to encourage them to return home and return to their posts. If you must travel across regions, you must know the local epidemic situation and prevention and control policies in advance, and know whether there are any cases or epidemics in the destination in the near future, and suspend travel in medium and high-risk areas.

On December 30, 2020, the Shenzhen Municipal Health and Wellness Committee issued a notice that civil servants, institutions and employees of state-owned enterprises must apply for leaving Shenzhen, and other companies should try their best to take holidays at the wrong peak and encourage them to stay in Shenzhen for the New Year.

In addition, in order to reduce the large-scale population flow, Henan, Anhui, Sichuan, Hunan and other major labor exporting provinces have recently issued notices, demanding "not to return home unless necessary".

For example, the disease control departments of Kaifeng City and Xinxiang City in Henan Province issued tips to encourage migrant workers and scholars to stay in the local festivals as much as possible to reduce the pressure of prevention and control in the two places; Linquan County, Fuyang City, Anhui Province, and Xiaoxian County, Suzhou City suggest that migrant workers stay in their places of work for the New Year, and they can use WeChat, Internet, telephone, etc. Yuyao and Yinzhou in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province encourage and guide teachers and students to stay in the local winter vacation, and report to the school in advance if they really need to leave.

Earlier, the State Council issued a notice to encourage enterprises and institutions to flexibly arrange vacations according to their production, work conditions and employees’ wishes, and guide employees to take vacations at their workplaces as much as possible during the Spring Festival, and pay overtime wages and leave for employees who work overtime during the Spring Festival according to law.

On January 1, 2021, Academician Zhang Boli said in an interview that the cold season is very suitable for the virus to survive, and this winter and next spring will be the key period to prevent and control the epidemic. "During the National Day in 2020, hundreds of millions of people in China will have nothing to do with the flow. You may say that the Spring Festival can still flow, but ‘ No ’ Because the seasons are different. " Therefore, it is recommended that you gather less during the Spring Festival and try not to arrange travel without special circumstances.

Those who really need to return home: nucleic acid test+health code+pass code.

For those who really need to return home, Henan, Anhui, Sichuan, Hunan and other regions have also made clear requirements. Among them, nucleic acid test report, health code and pass code are basic standards, such as Suzhou City, Anhui Province, Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province, etc. It is clear that all returnees need to report to the town (street) or unit in the destination area in advance or at the first time, and hold a valid nucleic acid test report within 7 days to verify the health code and pass code.

In some areas, it is specifically mentioned that migrant workers engaged in the cold chain logistics industry should report to their communities in advance before returning home. For example, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province requires those who are studying, traveling, taking vacations, working outside the province (especially those engaged in importing cold chain food), planning to come and visit relatives, etc., please report their personal itinerary and contact information to the community (village) and unit where the destination is located in advance.

For people returning from overseas and high-risk areas, nucleic acid detection and isolation measures are required in many places. For example, Huangchuan County, Xinyang City, Henan Province issued a notice, and returnees from overseas and medium-and high-risk areas must report their trips to their jurisdictions in advance, and implement nucleic acid testing and 14-day centralized isolation measures.

Railway Department: Tickets purchased before 24: 00 on January 6 will be refunded free of charge.

Recently, sporadic cases and local epidemic have occurred in some parts of the country. In order to cooperate with the implementation of epidemic prevention and control policies of local governments, the railway departments have made the following adjustments to the provisions on passenger train ticket refund:

From 0: 00 on January 7, 2021, when passengers refund valid tickets of trains purchased before 24: 00 on January 6, 2021 at stations, railway 12306 websites (including mobile phone clients) and other channels, no refund fee will be charged, and the purchased railways will be handled together with accident insurance.

A number of airlines: flights involving key epidemic prevention and control areas are returned and changed free of charge.

Recently, a number of airline companies have issued policies on the cancellation of flights in key epidemic prevention and control areas. Up to now, China International Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Hainan Airlines, Xiamen Airlines, Shandong Airlines, etc. have released plans for returning flights involving Beijing’s inbound and outbound flights; Hainan Airlines, Grand China Airlines, Hebei Airlines, Shandong Airlines, Spring Airlines, etc. have issued special handling plans for Shijiazhuang’s inbound and outbound flight tickets.

　　Since the beginning of this year, innovative pharmaceutical companies have gone out to sea again. Pharmaceutical companies such as Yaoming Bio, Maiwei Bio and Anrui Bio have announced that they have reached overseas authorized transactions. The insiders believe that intensive overseas authorized transactions fully prove that the R&D strength of innovative pharmaceutical enterprises in China has been recognized by international pharmaceutical companies. The ecological pattern of domestic biomedical industry is being reshaped, and the mode of cooperation with foreign pharmaceutical companies will be more diversified in the future. With the adjustment of industry structure, it is expected that 2024 will be a year in which transactions and mergers and acquisitions among pharmaceutical enterprises will become more frequent.

　　R&D strength continues to increase.

　　With the rapid development of the industry, the research and development strength of biomedical enterprises in China has been continuously enhanced. According to incomplete statistics, there were at least 120 overseas authorized transactions of innovative drugs in China from 2021 to 2023, with a total transaction amount of nearly $85 billion. In 2024, innovative drugs went out to sea to speed up. As of January 14th, domestic enterprises have completed more than 10 foreign authorization transactions, including many transactions exceeding 1 billion US dollars.

　　Genxi Bio has announced that AstraZeneca has completed the acquisition of the company. After the merger, Genxi Bio became a wholly-owned subsidiary of AstraZeneca. AstraZeneca previously said that the acquisition of Genxi Bio will further consolidate AstraZeneca’s strength in the field of cell therapy.

　　Since the beginning of this year, several products of Anrui Bio have obtained overseas authorization, including an exclusive option and a global license agreement with AstraZeneca, and the development and commercialization of a new allosteric inhibitor targeting the mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)L858R as a potential new treatment for advanced EGFR mutation non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the transfer agreement with Avenzo Therapeutics,Inc.(Avenzo) of the United States, Avenzo will gain the global (except Greater China) development and commercialization rights of a cyclin-dependent kinase 2(CDK2) selective inhibitor ARTS-021 independently developed by Anrui Bio, and another pre-clinical project will be submitted to IND (new drug clinical trial) in early 2025.

　　Ding Qiang, co-founder and CEO of Anrui Bio, said that through cooperation, the company can obtain significant economic benefits and accelerate the development and listing of innovative drugs.

　　Chen Kan, a partner of Qiming Venture Capital, said that the cooperation between Anrui Bio and foreign pharmaceutical companies all involved small-molecule drugs, which on the one hand proved Anrui Bio’s research and development strength, and on the other hand reflected that small-molecule drugs could also be "put out to sea".

　　In addition to well-known biotech listed companies, there have been an increase in overseas authorized transactions of small biotech companies such as Yilian Bio, Anrui Bio and Bowang Pharmaceutical, as well as traditional pharmaceutical companies such as Hengrui Pharma and Haosen Pharmaceutical.

　　In Chen Kan’s view, China pharmaceutical companies and overseas pharmaceutical companies have reached a heavy cooperation, reflecting the recognition of domestic new drugs by international pharmaceutical companies. At the same time, domestic pharmaceutical companies can get cash support. In the process of cooperation with large international pharmaceutical companies, including joint promotion of clinical trials, China Biotechnology Company can also learn a lot of experience.

　　Share risks and obtain resources.

　　Ding Qiang said that cooperation with overseas pharmaceutical companies should be based on comprehensive consideration of the company’s strategic objectives, research and development capabilities and market demand. The cooperation between the company’s two pipelines and AstraZeneca and Avenzo Therapeutics is based on comprehensive considerations. Drug R&D costs a lot and risks are high. Cooperation with large pharmaceutical companies can share risks to a certain extent, especially in clinical trials and marketing stages. In addition, cooperation with overseas pharmaceutical companies can obtain many resources, including funds and market channels, which is very important for accelerating product development and commercialization. Of course, cooperation needs to consider whether the goals of both parties are the same, whether they can support their long-term development strategy, and how to protect their intellectual property rights and avoid the loss of core technologies.

　　Sinopharm plays an important role in two overseas authorized projects reached by Anrui Bio. It is reported that Sinopharm is an innovative company focusing on helping domestic biomedical enterprises to authorize projects overseas. Ding Qiang introduced that Sinopharm provided the whole process service for the company, from the preparation and modification of materials, strategic analysis and optimization, to assisting Anrui to connect and communicate with potential partners, and to negotiate and negotiate relevant terms, which greatly helped the company to reach overseas authorization.

　　For pharmaceutical companies planning to "go out to sea", Jung Lee, senior vice president of business development of Sinogold Pharmaceuticals, suggested that China Biotechnology Company must ensure that the product lines are differentiated and meet the unfinished medical needs. In addition, setting up branches overseas can better understand the current biotechnology trends and cutting-edge scientific progress.

　　Ding Qiang said that enterprises planning to go to sea need to have the world’s leading scientific research strength and unique product innovation. At the same time, it is necessary to deeply understand the situation of potential partners, especially the pipeline layout and the overall strategy of the enterprise. Multinational pharmaceutical companies have their own strategic direction and different layouts in different fields of disease treatment. A deep understanding of the business scope, market strategy and corporate culture of their partners can help the two sides establish closer and more efficient cooperative relations. In the cooperation agreement, many terms and details need special attention, including key factors such as intellectual property ownership, economic sharing, milestone payment, etc. It is necessary to make legal risk assessment and compliance preparation in advance to ensure that the cooperation activities meet the requirements of local laws and regulations.

　　Watch the three subdivided tracks

　　Looking forward to 2024, Chen Kan judged that the number of pharmaceutical companies "going out to sea" in China will remain high. From the past transactions, the clinical data of pharmaceutical companies in China have gained more and more global recognition. Overall, we are optimistic about the three sub-segments of tumor, metabolism and autoimmune.

　　Chen Kan believes that it is necessary for most new drug R&D companies to "go out to sea", especially to develop some small varieties of new drugs that are less suitable for people. Drug pricing in overseas markets is relatively high, and pharmaceutical companies "going out to sea" can expand the market and improve the input-output ratio. The domestic pharmaceutical industry will improve in 2024.

　　From the perspective of cooperation modes, Chen Kan said that there are more and more cooperation modes for domestic and foreign pharmaceutical companies, including obtaining down payment through overseas authorization, acquisition and joint development. Jung Lee believes that more and more innovative drugs from China will go global, and there will be more transactions between China biotechnology companies and multinational pharmaceutical companies than before.

　　Great Wall Securities believes that the "going out to sea" mode of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises is mainly based on overseas authorization. From January 1 to February 4, 2024, the amount of overseas authorized transactions in China reached 9.146 billion US dollars. In 2024, China’s pharmaceutical "going out to sea" is expected to explode.

　　Chinese pays attention to traditional etiquette, and the Prime Minister is no exception. On February 13th and 25th of the twelfth lunar month, Li Keqiang walked into Pudong Village, a Dong stockade deep in the mountains of Liping County, and brought a rich "New Year Gift Package" to the villagers.

　　1. Send special products out of your own pocket

　　What’s in the "spree"? First of all, of course, those local specialties that the Prime Minister personally selected and bought out of his own pocket. On the morning of 13th, when Li Keqiang inspected the supply of Spring Festival market in Liping market, Guizhou, he also prepared a "gift package" for visiting poor households in mountainous areas in the afternoon.

　　In order to ensure that these new year’s goods really meet the needs of villagers in Dongzhai, the Prime Minister never forgets to ask every time he passes a booth: What should the local people prepare for the New Year? What sells best? Finally, under the enthusiastic "sales promotion" of the stall owners, the Prime Minister paid several times and purchased several large packages of local specialties.

　　In the afternoon, Lin Xianping, a poor villager in Pudong Village, took over from the Prime Minister in his drafty wooden building.Pickled fish, Ciba, rice wine, Dong fruit, melon seeds, fried rice and other local specialties..

　　However, despite consulting local market vendors, the Prime Minister is still a little uneasy about his "gift package".

　　"How’s your mouth? Can these be chewed? " He asked Lin Xianping’s parents who were over seventy. After receiving a positive reply, the Prime Minister showed a satisfied smile.

　　2. Dangerous houses in villages will be rebuilt.

　　In addition to the "visible" special products of the New Year, Li Keqiang also brought some invisible "gifts" to the villagers. Next to the charcoal stove in Lin Xianping’s kitchen, the Prime Minister and the Lins sat around chatting and asked them how much land they had, whether the food was enough, how much the minimum living allowance was every month, and whether they had joined the medical insurance.

　　He also specially opened the rice jar for storing surplus grain, grabbed a handful of grain and rubbed it: "This is glutinous rice! No wonder you just said that you can only play 400 kilograms per mu of land. "

　　A village cadre next to him smiled and said: "The Prime Minister has been a branch secretary of the brigade, and he is familiar with these!"

　　Lin Xianping told the Prime Minister that he now has a minimum living allowance and joined the new rural cooperative medical system, and the harvest of farming can also guarantee food rations, but the biggest difficulty at home is that the house is too shabby and has no money to repair it.

　　"You show me!" Li Keqiang got up at once, climbed up the second floor along the shabby wooden stairs and frowned at the leaking windows and old wires.

　　"If this catches up with mountain torrents and windstorms, how can people live in a tight place? It will be even worse in case of fire! " He said, "this is a pain in our hearts!" "

　　After leaving the Lins’ wooden house, Li Keqiang told the local person in charge that Pudong Village must be included in the system arrangement of centralized contiguous poverty alleviation and development and precise poverty alleviation.

　　He said loudly to the villagers who gathered around him: "The government is determined to transform your village, and you must live in a safe and comfortable new house and live a real’ new countryside’ life!"

　　3. Drinking water is safe and secure

　　Pudong Village is a national first-class poverty-stricken village. More than 43% of the people in the village are poor, and the annual per capita net income is only 2160 yuan. Many houses are leaking everywhere.

　　"Yes, the water is still very clear." He nodded and said.

　　In last year’s "Government Work Report", Li Keqiang promised to solve the problem of drinking water safety for another 60 million rural people throughout the year. During his inspection in Pudong Village, he was particularly concerned about whether these promises were really fulfilled and whether the policies were really implemented.

　　The prime minister told the responsible person that the government promised not only to complete the task in quantity, but also to stand the test in quality. He said: "Let the people drink safe and secure drinking water, which is a hard promise of the government and must not be discounted!"

　　Also receiving the "gift package" are two village doctors in the village health center.

　　Li Keqiang has always attached importance to the irreplaceable role of village doctors. Last year, in the grass-roots investigation in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, after discussing with the accompanying department heads, Li Keqiang decided to use all the basic public health service fees newly added by the central government in that year to subsidize village doctors.

　　During this visit, Li Keqiang asked two village doctors whether they had received the new subsidies from the state and whether the income from practicing medicine every month could guarantee their living. A village doctor replied that his income has improved, but he still needs to plant some fields when there are no patients, subsidy income.

　　After listening to this, the Prime Minister said with emotion that the government should make efforts to make you feel at ease and seek medical treatment! He revealed at the scene that the new basic public health service fees at the grassroots level this year will still be fully subsidized to village doctors.

　　"Village doctors are the’ first line of defense’ for villagers’ health. You are carrying a medicine box and wading through the mountains, reflecting the feelings of doctors to save the world." Li Keqiang said, "The government should completely eliminate your worries and let you go all out to seek medical care!"

　　5. Student loan scheme.　

　　Li Keqiang conducted a "market survey" for college students and graduates who returned home for the Spring Festival before sending out the "gift package". When sitting around the Dong Drum Tower to communicate with everyone, the Prime Minister directly asked: "What is your biggest difficulty? Speak out boldly! "

　　A girl said that she was admitted to a university in Shanghai and applied for a student loan. However, after being admitted to a graduate school in Guizhou University, she found that the student loan could not be transferred across provinces, so she had to find a way to repay the loan while attending graduate school.

　　"She hasn’t got a job yet. How can she repay the loan?" Li Keqiang turned to ask the person in charge of the relevant departments of his peers, "This issue is not a trivial matter, but a big one involving educational equity and coordinated regional development. We encourage college students to go home and go back to the west after graduation, but objectively, the income in the west is indeed lower than that in the east, and the pressure on these graduates to repay loans will be even greater. "

　　He promised at the scene that the State Council would study and formulate new policies for this purpose. The college students who received the "gift package" immediately clapped their hands and cheered.

　　6. Villagers return gifts to the Prime Minister

　　In addition to bringing these generous "New Year’s Gift Packages" to the villagers, Li Keqiang also received gifts from the villagers.

　　After learning that her dangerous house will be rebuilt, Lin Xianping’s mother excitedly took out a pack of "Baba" made by herself, hoping to give it to the Prime Minister to express her feelings.

　　Li Keqiang quickly waved his hand: "Your family is very difficult. I can’t accept this gift!"

　　Unexpectedly, the 70-year-old man chased all the way to the small bridge at the entrance of the village, saying that he would put BaBa into the hands of the Prime Minister.

　　"All right, but there are too many bags. I can only take one." Unable to overcome the enthusiasm of the old man, Li Keqiang finally accepted a small piece of Baba. This is actually a heavy heart.

　　The Prime Minister said: "I have taken away your thoughts and will always miss you. The government will definitely complete the renovation of your dangerous houses as soon as possible, and it will also give more children in the village the opportunity to go to college and let you all live a good life! "

Yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us! The second model of Xiaomi Auto, YU7 (pronounced Y-U-7), was officially announced, positioning a pure electric SUV, and it is expected to be officially launched to the market during June and July 2025.

The body size of YU7 is 4999mm long, 1996mm wide and 1600mm high, with a wheelbase of 3000 mm.. The styling design continues the SU7 style, especially the details such as the front contour, headlights and taillights, which are the "family" characteristics of Xiaomi.

According to the application information, YU7 will be adopted. The peak power of the front and rear motors is 220kW and 288kW respectively, and the top speed is as high as 253km/h with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited.

Tyre size has two options, the basic version is 245/55 R19 and then 245/50 R20, and the front rim is small and then large. Optional upgraded version of the front 245/45 R21 and rear 275/40 R21 specifications, the rim size is the same, but the front is narrow and the rear is wide, which is a typical sports orientation. The brake disc is perforated and ventilated, and the front wheel is equipped with Brembo four-piston calipers.

Combined with the official map and some information previously exposed, we can see the detailed design adjustment and partial configuration of YU7. Comprises a headlight without a lampshade design, and the upper part is changed into a hollow air inlet; Unique black layered wheel arch; Full-coverage front cover and hidden inner button door handle, etc., these details are "heart to heart" with Ferrari.

The black bump on the lower edge of the front windshield may be integrated with a wrap-around HUD. Previously, a test car was photographed with a similar configuration. There is a camera on the B-pillar, which is likely to be a smart driving sensor, or the supporting face will be unlocked.

Lei Jun said that the reason why it will not be listed until the middle of next year is because a lot of road tests are still needed. After the appearance is announced, the body camouflage can be removed, making the test more comprehensive and detailed.

During the first half of next year, it is very likely that Tesla’s new version of Huan will be officially launched, when the two cars will face direct competition. Do you think Xiaomi’s new car sales can surpass Tesla’s? How much will you start pricing this car? Leave your opinion in the comments section.

Writing is the foundation of civilization and an important symbol of human civilization. Chinese characters are the most important carrier to record and inherit Chinese culture, and they are the cultural ties to build the Chinese nation’s sense of community, which invisibly influences and shapes the Chinese nation’s ideas.

Chinese characters record Chinese culture.

Characters are symbols of recording languages. Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the Shang Dynasty, is the earliest systematic and mature script in China, and has been able to record Chinese completely. As an original script, before Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Chinese characters had a long development process. Academic circles have been concerned about the formation and development of Chinese characters. When did Chinese characters finally form a system that can completely record the language? Meng Weizhi thought it was early summer, while Qiu Xigui thought it was the time of Xia and Shang Dynasties. The theory of "one series of three generations of characters" should be credible. Huang Dekuan once advocated that the characters in the late Shang Dynasty should be taken as a reliable starting point, and traced back to the early period, so as to make a reasonable speculation on the whole Chinese characters in the Shang Dynasty. This change from known to unknown is indeed a possible path to explore the formation and development of early Chinese characters.

The formation and development of Chinese characters are of great significance and must be explored in depth. According to the literature, "Cang Xie wrote a book, but it rained heavily, and ghosts cried at night" ("Huai Nan Zi Ben Jing Xun"). As for whether Cang Xie, the historian of the Yellow Emperor, created Chinese characters, we don’t need to delve into it, but the emergence of Chinese characters is indeed an earth-shattering and weeping feat. Chinese characters are super-epochal, which can cross the time barrier, record the long history of the Chinese nation and bear the civilization of the Chinese nation for 5,000 years. Chinese characters are super-regional, which can cross spatial boundaries and maintain information communication in different dialect areas of ethnic families, and people living in different regions can communicate smoothly.

"Thousands of years in ancient and modern times, tens of thousands of miles." Chinese characters break through the limitation of time and space and completely record and inherit Chinese culture. In front of countless Chinese sons and daughters, she is undoubtedly a long bond, firmly casting the Chinese nation community.

Chinese characters contain cultural mysteries.

"Every painting is learned." Observing each Chinese character statically, its glyph itself accumulates the profound mystery of Chinese culture. "The single body is a text, and the combination is a word." "Wen" is a single character, and the glyph itself cannot be divided; "Zi" is a combined character, and the glyph can be subdivided. Therefore, the word "Wen" can only be said, but the word "Zi" can be interpreted, and the name "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" is sincere. Xu Shen, known as "the ancestor of literate Sect", has long understood the mystery of "writing".

The older the Chinese characters, especially the pre-Qin characters such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen, the stronger their pictographic or ideographic elements, so they contain more cultural information of the word-making era. For example, the word "rainbow" of a rainbow is shaped like a [~ symbol ~] in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which looks like two big worms winding down before and after. This is in line with the legend that the rainbow has two songs and can drink the water from rivers. It is recorded in Oracle Bone Inscriptions that "a rainbow comes from the north and drinks in the river" (Oracle Bone Inscriptions Collection 10405), to the effect that a rainbow comes out from the north and drinks in the river. The ancients could not give a scientific explanation for the natural phenomenon of rainbow in the sky, so they imagined it as a bug drinking water in a river. Later, the glyph evolved into a combined Chinese character. In Shuowen, it is a knowing word from insects to Shen (electricity), but most of the time it is a knowing word from insects, that is, the "rainbow" that is still in use today. However, in the silk script, there was once a glyph from the sound of rain workers. No matter from "Shen (electricity)" or "rain", it shows that the ancients have realized the relationship between rainbow and rain.

In fact, every Chinese character is a vivid existence of China culture. Through the typical Chinese character configuration related to human body, animals and plants, we can perceive the colorful world; Through the typical Chinese character configuration related to clothing, diet and living room, we can understand people’s basic necessities of life. Through the typical Chinese character configurations related to sacrifice, war and marriage, we can know people’s manners and customs. Through the typical Chinese character configuration related to national territory, land and clan, we can feel the feelings of Chinese sons and daughters about home and country.

The evolution of Chinese characters witnessed the cultural inheritance.

It is even more magical to observe Chinese characters dynamically. In the era of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Chinese characters have entered a mature stage. Then, it went through bronze inscriptions, bamboo slips and silk books, seal characters and currency characters. From seal script to official script, from official script to official script, until today, simplified Chinese characters have been followed for thousands of years. In the meantime, although the form of Chinese characters has been constantly changing, its basic system has always been maintained, and its evolution can be clearly found.

Most of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty carved with a knife, and a few wrote with a brush. It is time-consuming and laborious to carve words on Oracle bones, so it is necessary to change the circle into a square, to fill in the outline, and to change the thick pen into a fine pen. The difference between writing carrier and tools will have a great influence on the font. In order to facilitate writing communication, Oracle Bone Inscriptions has been simplified. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the characters were abnormal, the vulgar style was popular, and the simplification was prominent, which was a reflection of the great changes in economy, politics and culture at that time. The change of seal script into official script is the most important change in the evolution of Chinese characters. It makes Chinese characters change from characters that need to be drawn with the body into simple characters composed of straight strokes, which greatly improves the writing speed and contributes to cultural communication.

Chinese character recording language contains culture, and each glyph has its own times. "One word is a cultural history." Rich cultural connotation indicates that every Chinese character is a treasure that needs our efforts to develop. Strengthening the interpretation of Chinese characters, digging deep into the historical, ideological and cultural connotation behind Chinese characters, and refining and displaying the essence of Chinese excellent traditional culture are not only the inevitable requirements for inheriting and developing Chinese excellent traditional culture, but also the proper meaning for enhancing the vitality and influence of Chinese culture. (Author: Qi Hangfu, deputy director of Chinese Character Civilization Center of Zhengzhou University)

Special feature of 1905 film network "Women also have thoughts, souls and ambitions. I have long been tired of everyone telling me that love is the only thing women should pursue."

　

As early as more than 100 years ago, Joe, played by Saoirse Ronan, made such a cry in the movie. This independence and persistence also inspired countless girls to break free and bravely pursue their hearts.

For women, work and career are not only the source of economic income, but also allow them to gain equality, respect, confidence and confidence while demonstrating their self-worth.

　

On the occasion of International Women’s Day, let Xiao Dianjun pay tribute to female workers from all walks of life through movies. "You work hard, really!"

　

Earn respect with dedication 　　　

　

During this special period, we got to know many ordinary and extraordinary female workers.

　

They are retrograde angels in white, fighting in the front line of anti-epidemic, bearing heavy work pressure but without complaint. They said: "The patient’s happy smile on his face when he was discharged from hospital made everything worthwhile."

　

The same is true of Lu Wenting, an ophthalmologist played by Pan Hong in the movie "Man to Middle Age".

At that time when medical talents were scarce, Dr. Lu was paid a meager salary of 56.5 yuan.However, she often has to face the pressure of working 24 hours a day, but she has no complaints and always puts the needs of patients first.

　

Under the long-term overload operation, Lu Wenting suddenly suffered from myocardial infarction and was dying. On the morning of her illness, she completed three operations in succession.

Lying on her deathbed, Lu Wenting recalled her life, and "curing the patient" became the most gratifying thing in her life:"Every time an eye is cured, it brings me great happiness. The most important part of my life belongs to you (patients)."

　

When she recovered and was discharged from the hospital, the door was full of her former patients, and I believe that was the happiest moment for doctors.

Nice da Silva, the hero of Nice Crazy Heart, is also a female doctor.She is a student of carl jung, a famous Swiss psychologist, and the only woman among the 158 graduates of Bahia Medical College that year.

　

In that era when female doctors were weak, she bravely stood up against the mainstream "inhuman" psychiatric treatments such as frontal lobectomy and electric shock, and advocated giving patients humanized care and guidance.

Nice teaches patients how to use canvases, paints and brushes, and works with dogs to treat mental patients.

　

Through colorful and unrestrained paintings, we can see the patients’ incomparably rich inner world and human dignity.

　　

"All chaos, madness and trauma need to be listened to and appeased."This is not "the benevolent heart of the doctor."

Educational moviesAdapted from a true story.

　

Lv Huihong, played by Miriam Yeung, was originally the principal of a prestigious school. She originally planned to retire early and travel around the world with her husband. However, a news that "suburban kindergartens are on the verge of closure and students are about to drop out of school" has aroused her heart of educating people.

Simple school conditions, only five students, plus a salary of 4,500 yuan, many people question that Lu Huihong is "putting on a show" and making a name for herself. However, she resolutely refused the advertising endorsement of the tutoring institution with an annual salary of 10 million yuan, and ran wholeheartedly for the five children.

　

She said to the students:"The headmaster’s dream is to be a good teacher, and he can stand at the school gate and wait for you to attend classes every day."

In reality, Lv Huihong is still the principal of Yuantian Kindergarten.

　

Under her hard work, in just five years, the number of students has increased from the initial five to as many as sixty, which has affected the fate of countless children and families.

　

This also fulfilled Lu Huihong’s initial intention of education."Being a teacher is doing a very meaningful thing and affecting life with life."

In the movieChinese and female journalist Sasha is a member of the "Focus" investigation team.

Together with her colleagues, she overcame many difficulties and exposed the dark side of church members’ long-term molestation of children and collusion between local forces.

　

In the face of threats and inducements from officials and the church, Sasha was humble and stuck to the responsibility and bottom line of journalists: digging the truth and reporting objectively.

Regardless of occupation, the dedicated and professional women in these films make us awe.

　

Break prejudice with strength 　　

　

In a special era, women should not only cope with work pressure in the workplace, but also always fight against discrimination and defend their hard-won right to work.

　

What happened to ruth bader ginsburg, the heroine of Gender-Oriented, is also a microcosm of the unequal treatment suffered by thousands of professional women in Qian Qian in the United States in the 1950s.

She graduated first in Harvard and Columbia Law School, but she couldn’t find a job as a lawyer.

　

The boss refused her for various reasons. "Female lawyers are too emotional." We hired a woman last year. "You are so beautiful that the wife of a male colleague will be jealous."

Although she had to put her dream of becoming a lawyer on hold, Ruth never gave up fighting for women’s rights and interests with the law.

　

Until the 1970s, when the social environment was mature, she began to challenge the unequal laws involving gender discrimination with one wonderful defense after another.And eventually became the first Jewish female federal supreme court justice in American history.

At the end of the film, she said hit the floor in court: "There are 178 laws concerning gender discrimination.This will be a thorn in our children’s future road. Our children are being turned away by various opportunities because of the so-called assumption of their abilities by the law …No matter how much effort it takes, we must amend these laws one by one. "

　　

At the same time as ruth bader ginsburg, there are such a group of women in the film. Although they are superior in IQ and ability, they have to endure double discrimination because of their "black+female" status.

It takes half a mile to run to the bathroom to find a toilet for people of color; If you want to participate in training and obtain the qualification of an engineer, you must first go to court and go to court; Because of skin color and gender, promotion and salary increase have been delayed.

Faced with these tangible and intangible discrimination, they chose to fight back with courage and strength, and proved that sentence with actions."NASA hired us not because we wore skirts, but because we wore glasses."

　

It is these pioneers’ struggles and efforts step by step that make women in the space system no longer "computers in skirts" but have the opportunity to walk to the stage and enjoy the applause and respect they deserve.

　　

Gender discrimination faced by Indian women is equally heavy. In the subconscious of many Indians, women are still the accessories of men, and they can get married at the age of 14 and teach their children for life.

　

But the father played by Aamir Hussain Khan chose a completely different path for his daughter. Despite the cynicism of the people around him, he insisted on letting his two daughters practice wrestling, and finally sent them to the podium of the international competition.

　

What he said to his daughter before the game made many people cry: "If you win tomorrow, it’s not your victory alone, but the victory won by thousands of girls. They are forced to be confined to housework, and the value of their lives is only to get married and have children.Tomorrow’s game is the most important game, because tomorrow you will play not only Australian players, but also all those who despise women! "

In the comment area of "Hidden People", there is a highly praised short comment that reads: "All the equality and not-so-equality we enjoy today are the result of the struggle of countless female predecessors. Never take what you have today for granted. "

　

This is the meaning of these films, and it is also the most touching place for this group of women.

　

Regain self-confidence with independence 　　　

　

Maybe we can’t be "heroines" who change history, but we can also gain respect and confidence through a job we love.

　

In the movie, Josie, the heroine played by Charlize Theron, decided to become a female miner in order to get rid of her abusive husband.

You know, at that time, the ratio of male to female employees in American coal mines was 30: 1. Female miners not only had to bear heavy physical labor, but also endured male harassment and social strange eyes.

　

But Josie never wanted to give up. After getting her first salary, she broke down in tears: "For the first time in my life, I can earn money by myself and support my children.For the first time in my life, I feel like I’m alive."

　

This is the meaning of work for Josie. She can stand up and stop swallowing her husband’s violence and give her children a better life with her own hands.

Nicole in the movie has a seemingly perfect life, but only she knows that in order to maintain her marriage, she has gradually become the "shadow" of her husband.

　

Forgetting her taste, dreams and pursuits, Nicole confided to the lawyer:"I have never lived for myself, just making him more and more glorious."

After waking up, Nicole chose to bid farewell to this marriage that made her lose herself. In Los Angeles, she finally realized her dream of directing and found a second life in Hollywood.

　

More importantly, she realized that what she really needed to get rid of was not the marriage relationship, but the self-contempt and self-limitation.

Little Women’s most touching passage is not the happy ending and the sad and tactful love, but Joe’s persistent running figure for getting closer to his dream every time.

When the publisher agreed to publish her story for the first time, when she organized her sisters to rehearse a play, when inspiration came in and she worked hard, Joe’s eyes sparkled and his face flushed with excitement became the most beautiful splendor of the film.

　

In today’s society, the physical obstacles faced by women in the workplace are decreasing, but the intangible prejudice still exists. Marriage and family are still important criteria for many people to measure women’s "success".

　

Maybe we can’t change society overnight, but at least try not to set limits on ourselves first. Every woman has the right to pursue happiness, but happiness means more than marriage and love.

　

Only in this way, when decades of marriage once broke down, can you calmly say, like Natalie, a professor played by Hupel,"My life has not completely failed. I have a full intellectual life, which is enough to make me happy."

Or like Aunt March, played by "Aunt Mei" in Little Women, proudly said:"I don’t need to get married, because I am a giant!"

Finally, I quote the speech delivered by the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adiqi at the graduation ceremony of Wesleyan College in 2015, and give it to every struggling girl and woman:

　

"We may not be able to change the world, but we can try and work together to make tangible and real efforts. At least we worked so hard.

　

Never use gender as a reason to do or not do something. Never, never do or give up anything because you are a woman. "

3.8 Exclusive film list

　

Little Women

Hidden characters

Nice Crazy Heart

Never give in

Lovely you

Gender-oriented

　

May all people, regardless of gender, draw warmth and strength from it!

Cctv newsOn the morning of June 8, the State Council Office held a press conference on "Implementing the Party’s 20 Major Decisions and Deploying and Promoting the Modernization of Emergency Management System and Capacity". Min Yiren, director of the Seismological Bureau of China, introduced at the meeting that at present, the national earthquake intensity quick report and early warning project has completed the main construction task, and 15,391 earthquake early warning stations, 3 national centers, 31 provincial centers and 173 prefecture-level information release centers have been built, forming a China earthquake early warning network composed of five systems: station observation, data processing, information service, communication network and technical support, and carrying out pilot services in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Fujian. It is expected to be completed and accepted by the end of this year. After the project is put into operation, it will play a role in disaster reduction in the following aspects:

The first is to build a "first line of defense" for earthquake relief and reduce earthquake casualties. After the devastating earthquake, China Earthquake Early Warning Network will release earthquake early warning information through various channels such as emergency broadcast, mobile phone, TV, special terminal, etc., so as to provide users in the target area with early warning time of several seconds to dozens of seconds for emergency avoidance; After the earthquake, the distribution of the hardest hit areas can be quickly judged by measuring the measured earthquake intensity in a few minutes, which provides a scientific basis for the decision-making and deployment of earthquake relief. 6.2 seconds after the Luding M6.8 earthquake in Sichuan Province on September 5, 2022, China Earthquake Early Warning Network successfully released the early warning information, realizing the second-level early warning coverage for 1.5 million people in the epicenter and its surrounding areas.

The second is to "escort" lifeline projects and emergency disposal of major infrastructure. Relying on earthquake early warning terminals, emergency broadcasting and special communication lines, we will provide earthquake early warning information for the automatic emergency response of major strategic infrastructure such as high-speed railways, nuclear power plants, oil and gas pipelines and Gaoba reservoirs, and people’s livelihood infrastructure such as high-rise buildings, underground facilities and large-scale complexes, fill the gap in cross-industry earthquake emergency response services, promote the expansion of earthquake monitoring to earthquake disaster risk monitoring and prevention, and strengthen the ability of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in the whole society.

The third is to provide strong support for earth science progress and international disaster reduction cooperation. Give full play to the advantages of building the world’s largest real-time transmission earthquake monitoring station network, provide high-quality scientific data information for promoting the innovative development of real-time seismology, real-time disaster science and earthquake engineering, and help the development and progress of earth science. At present, China’s earthquake early warning technology has gone abroad and been applied to the construction of Indonesian Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway. Seismological Bureau of China will give full play to its professional and technical advantages, better serve the country’s overall diplomacy, strengthen international cooperation in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, and work together to reduce the risk of earthquake disasters.

In the next step, Seismological Bureau of China will continue to improve the construction of earthquake early warning network in China, continuously improve the safety, reliability and standardization of earthquake early warning service, expand the service field and efficiency, and provide more powerful earthquake safety guarantee for high-quality economic and social development.

This issue of the "Precision Frontier" column shared by Zhao Haitao’s research team published inGenome Medicine(IF =11.12) [1], a mutation signature was constructed and verified to predict the prognosis of patients receiving immunotherapy, and the potential immune response of different subtypes was studied by using multidimensional data.

Research background

Immunocheckpoint inhibitors (ICI) have changed the treatment of many cancers. However, the beneficiaries of ICI treatment are limited, so it is necessary to screen and predict biomarkers to classify patients. At present, many biomarkers, such as tumor mutation load (TMB), have been used as indicative biomarkers in clinic. However, some high TMB patients with gene mutation related to immunotherapy resistance are not sensitive to ICI treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to go beyond TMB and identify the specific genetic determinants of ICI treatment response.

research design

The study included genome and clinical data of 12,647 patients. There were 1572 cases in the training set (immunotherapy patients with 9 kinds of cancer) and 932 cases in the verification set (immunotherapy patients with 5 kinds of cancer). The training set was sequenced by MSK-IMPACT panel containing 468 genes.

The authors identified a set of 11 genes based on mutation, which can divide patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The mutation of these 11 genes is related to the better response to ICI treatment, and this gene set has been proved to be an independent prognostic factor after ICI treatment.

research results

1. Identify mutant gene sets that can predict the outcome of immunotherapy.

Firstly, the survival differences of 468 genes in the training set were compared between wild type and mutant type, and 98 genes related to OS (global survival) were obtained. After that, LASSO COX regression analysis was further screened and 11 important genes were finally obtained. Through COX regression analysis, the risk score of each patient was quantified on the basis of 11 mutant gene sets. In the training concentration, the OS of patients in the high-risk group is shorter than that of patients in the low-risk group (Figure 1B). In order to study whether the gene set is limited to a specific population or suitable for different populations, the subgroup analysis regardless of age, drug use type and cancer species shows that the gene set is significantly related to the OS of patients treated with ICI (Figure 1C-E).

Figure 1. Generation and Verification of Gene Set Based on Mutation

2. Verification of predictable immunotherapy results

In order to further confirm the value of mutation-based gene set in predicting the results of immunotherapy, it was found that the OS of low-risk group was higher than that of high-risk group (Figure 1F). The research results of predicting ICI treatment response in gene set show that the DCB(durable clinical benefit) of ICI treatment in low-risk group is significantly increased compared with that in high-risk group (Figure 1G), and low-risk patients are more likely to respond to ICI treatment (Figure 1H). These results get the same results in the verification set (Figure 1I, J).

3. Gene set is an independent prognostic predictor of immunotherapy.

Next, the author verifies whether the gene set based on mutation is an independent predictor of immunotherapy response. In the training and validation set, univariate COX regression analysis showed that the gene set was related to OS. After adjusting for drug type, tumor type and TMB, multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the gene set was still an independent predictor, which confirmed the stability of its independent prediction of ICI prognosis (Figure 2A, B). In order to determine which factor has the best predictive performance, C-index is used to compare the performance of mutation-based gene sets with TMB and drug types. The results of C-index show that the gene set based on mutation can predict the prognosis more accurately than TMB and drug type in both training set and validation set (Figure 2C, D).

Fig. 2. Relationship between mutation-based gene sets and other characteristics

4. The clinical benefit of ICI treatment can be predicted based on the mutant gene set, disease stage, CTL and 6-IFN-g gene signature.

Considering the stage of disease, CTL and 6-gene IFN-g signature have been proved to be highly predictive of the response to ICI treatment, the authors speculate that they may play a synergistic role in predicting the response to immunotherapy. The author combined the gene set based on mutation with disease stage, CTL and 6-gene IFN-g signature through Nomotograph, and provided a method for clinicians to quantitatively predict the OS of patients treated by ICI. Fig. 2E is the nomogram of Riaz cohort construction, and the calibration curve of fig. 2F shows the consistency of actual and predicted results, indicating that these signature should be integrated into the predicted nomogram of ICI treatment.

5. Potential external immune landscape of high and low risk groups

In order to further explore the relationship between immune system and mutation-based gene set, the authors conducted a multi-group analysis of TCGA cohort, and the risk score divided TCGA cohort into high and low risk groups (Figure 3A). At the genome level, the proportion of white blood cells, lymphocytes and TIL in the low-risk group was significantly higher than that in the high-risk group (Figure 3B-D). The H&E staining results of TIL ratio are consistent with the above results (Figure 3E). In addition, the proportion of immunostimulatory cells (such as CD8 T cells) in the low-risk group is also significantly higher than that in the high-risk group (Figure 3F). The above results were further tested by Danaher et al.’ s immune infiltration score (figure 3G) and immune characteristic score (figure 3H), and it was found that the abundance of immune cells in low-risk group was higher. Then unsupervised clustering was used to cluster the immune characteristic scores of patients in TCGA cohort, and the results were clustered into two immune infiltration modes (Figure 3I), and the high immune infiltration was significantly enriched in the low-risk group (Figure 3J).

Fig. 3. Immune status of high and low risk population in TCGA cohort.

In addition, the immune signature in the low-risk group was significantly higher than that in the adjacent cancer tissue; On the contrary, the immune signature in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the adjacent tissues (Figure 4A). The correlation of immune activity in low-risk group was significantly higher than that in high-risk group (Figure 4B, C). GSEA results showed that 13 pathways were significantly enriched in the low-risk group, including 6 immune-related pathways, such as "cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells" (Figure 4D). Tumors in the low-risk group are associated with significantly higher CYT scores, and the number of fibroblasts in the high-risk group is now increasing (Figure 4E, F). According to these results, the low-risk group is rich in immune cells, which can respond to ICI treatment, and fibroblasts may help the high-risk group escape. The expression of chemokines in the low-risk group is higher (Figure 4G, H), so the author speculates that the enrichment of chemokines in the low-risk group may trigger an immune response.

Figure 4. Potential external immune landscape of high and low risk groups　

6. Potential inherent immune landscape of high and low risk groups

Some potential factors determining tumor immunogenicity between the two groups were compared. Mutation, new antigen load, TCR and BCR diversity in low-risk group were significantly higher than those in high-risk group, but CNV load and aneuploidy in high-risk group were higher than those in low-risk group (Figure 5A). This result is consistent with previous studies, that is, tumor aneuploidy is related to immunotherapy and decreased immune escape marker response. In addition, the heterogeneity of tumor in high-risk group is higher than that in low-risk group, which further supports the view that tumor will promote the development of heterogeneity in the presence of cytolytic activity and less active infiltration of immune cells. In order to further understand the mutation process of high and low risk groups, the mutation characteristics were described according to somatic mutation data, and four different mutation patterns were determined in TCGA cohort (Figure 5B). The frequency of these four mutation signals in the low-risk group is significantly higher than that in the high-risk group (Figure 5C). In addition, it was also found that immune checkpoint molecules (such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA4) and costimulatory molecules were more highly expressed in the low-risk group (Figure 5E).

Figure 5. Potential innate immune response and escape landscape in high and low risk groups.　

7. Copy number characteristics of high and low risk groups

Significant differences in chromosome variation were detected in high and low risk groups (fig. 6A). Local amplification peaks of immune genes with good characteristics, such as PD-L1 (9p24.1) and PD-L2 (9p24.1), were observed in the low-risk group (fig. 6B, C). GO function annotation of the specifically amplified genes showed that the low-risk group was significantly enriched in two immune-related biological processes, while the high-risk group was significantly enriched in the biological process of "positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation", but not in any immune-related biological processes (Figure 6E). At the level of mRNA expression in TCGA cohort, the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 mRNA in low-risk group increased significantly (Figure 6G), which was consistent with CNV data. This finding suggests that CNVs in tumor contributes to the observed difference in immune infiltration.

Figure 6. Variation of copy number in high and low risk groups

discuss

This study is the first time to use an independent cohort to study the comprehensive mutant gene sets of different tumor types. Through PSM algorithm, hierarchical analysis and multivariate COX regression analysis, the application performance of mutation-based gene sets in different types of tumors was tested, and the results showed that mutation-based gene sets were reliable.

This study has the following innovation and practical application value. First, different types of tumors (such as NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer), melanoma and renal cell carcinoma) are used, which represent the most common types of cancer treated with ICI. Secondly, the application of multiple biomarker prediction model needs to understand the factors that affect the accuracy and precision of Qualcomm analysis in clinical practice. The risk score formula and threshold of mRNA expression calculation are not suitable for verification with other types of data. Therefore, this study developed a gene set based on mutation to predict the clinical efficacy of ICI treatment. The composition of the above mutations is neither affected by tissue types nor adjusted by any other biomarkers. The risk score formula and threshold of gene set based on mutation can be verified by other tumor analysis methods, such as DNA sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis. Therefore, mutation-based gene sets are not affected by technological changes, even when different platforms are used in different centers. Thirdly, in practice, gene sets based on mutations avoid exposing patients to potential immune-related adverse reactions when they are unlikely to respond, and enable patients to match to potentially more effective treatments more quickly. Fourthly, the prediction performance of gene set based on mutation is compared with other factors that can predict immunotherapy, and it is found that the prediction performance of gene set based on mutation is better than all these factors.

Several limitations of this study. First of all, because some mutations may be enriched in some tumor types, the initial goal of this study is to create a panel instead of identifying a single gene (such as BRAF), because the former can contain more genes to predict the prognosis of different types of tumors. Secondly, although the immune landscape of 11 genes in the gene set based on mutation has been explored, it is still necessary to clarify the molecular mechanism of each gene affecting immunotherapy in vivo and in vitro functional experiments. Thirdly, the enrichment scores of carcinogenic pathways and the expression patterns of immune checkpoints should also be detected by immunohistochemistry.

tag

The mutation-based gene set proposed in this study is the first comprehensive genomic marker systematically identified, which can be used to evaluate the ICI treatment effect of pan-cancer species. This study is also the largest prognostic model discovery project for cancer patients receiving ICI treatment (whether single drug treatment or combined treatment of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4). Nomoto, which combines mutation-based gene set with TMB and drug types, can help clinicians choose patients who may have a strong response to ICI treatment. In addition, it also reveals the different immune conditions of high and low risk groups, and specific genomic changes may drive the formation of these microenvironments. In a word, this work puts forward a new tumor classification method, which may guide the decision-making of ICI treatment.　END　

References:

[1]　Long, J., Wang, D., Wang, A. et al. A mutation-based gene set predicts survival benefit after immunotherapy across multiple cancers and reveals the immune response landscape. G enome Med 14, 20 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-022-01024-y

Write Liu Hua Hua

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